Nanosecond Nanothermometry in an Electron Microscope.

Thermal transport in nanostructures plays a critical role in modern technologies. As devices shrink, techniques that can measure thermal properties at nanometer and nanosecond scales are increasingly needed to capture transient, out-of-equilibrium phenomena. We present a novel pump-probe photon-electron method within a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to map temperature dynamics with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions.

Psychological Empowerment as a Mediator of Effort-Reward Imbalance Effects on Burnout, Anxiety and Depression Among Nursing Home Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aims: Few studies have explored empowerment as a predictor of mental health outcomes in geriatric healthcare professionals. This research addresses this gap by using the 'effort-reward imbalance' theory of work-related stress to develop a comprehensive model, examining the role of psychological empowerment in the psychological outcomes of nursing home professionals.

Design: This cross-sectional exploratory study used structural equation modelling (SEM) to test a model on the mediating role of psychological empowerment in the relationship between effort-reward ratio and burnout, anxiety and depression.

Age-Trajectories of Higher-Order Diffusion Properties of Major Brain Metabolites in Cerebral and Cerebellar Gray Matter Using In Vivo Diffusion-Weighted MR Spectroscopy at 3T.

Healthy brain aging involves changes in both brain structure and function, including alterations in cellular composition and microstructure across brain regions. Unlike diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI), diffusion-weighted MR spectroscopy (dMRS) can assess cell-type specific microstructural changes, providing indirect information on both cell composition and microstructure through the quantification and interpretation of metabolites' diffusion properties. This work investigates age-related changes in the higher-order diffusion properties of total N-Acetyl-aspartate (neuronal biomarker), total choline (glial biomarker), and total creatine (both neuronal and glial biomarker) beyond the classical apparent diffusion coefficient in cerebral and cerebellar gray matter of healthy human brain.

Mpemba effect in the relaxation of an active Brownian particle in a trap without metastable states.

We explore the role of activity in the occurrence of the Mpemba effect within a system of an active colloid diffusing in a potential landscape devoid of metastable minimum. The Mpemba effect is characterized by a phenomenon where a hotter system reaches equilibrium quicker than a colder one when both are rapidly cooled to the same low temperature. While a minimal asymmetry in the potential landscape is crucial for observing this effect in passive colloidal systems, the introduction of activity can either amplify or reduce the threshold of this minimal asymmetry, resulting in the activity-induced and suppressed Mpemba effect.

The orientational structure of a model patchy particle fluid: Simulations, integral equations, density functional theory, and machine learning.

We investigate the orientational properties of a homogeneous and inhomogeneous tetrahedral four-patch fluid (Bol-Kern-Frenkel model). Using integral equations, either (i) HNC or (ii) a modified HNC scheme with a simulation input, the full orientational dependence of pair and direct correlation functions is determined. Density functionals for the inhomogeneous problem are constructed via two different methods.

Embedding a ribonuclease in the spore crust couples gene expression to spore development in Bacillus subtilis.

Faced with nutritional stress, some bacteria form endospores capable of enduring extreme conditions for long periods of time; yet the function of many proteins expressed during sporulation remains a mystery. We identify one such protein, KapD, as a 3'-exoribonuclease expressed under control of the mother cell-specific transcription factors SigE and SigK in Bacillus subtilis. KapD dynamically assembles over the spore surface through a direct interaction with the major crust protein CotY.

Conditioning a collective avoidance response in rummy-nose tetra.

Escape waves in animal groups, such as bird flocks and fish schools, have attracted a lot of attention, as they provide the opportunity to better understand how information can efficiently propagate in moving groups, and how individuals can coordinate their actions under the threat of predators. There is a lack of appropriate experimental protocols to study escape waves in highly social fish, in which the number of individuals initiating the escape and the identity of the initiators are controlled. Indeed, highly social fish or obligate schoolers have a tendency to not respond well or to freeze when tested in experimental setups designed for single individuals.

Modulation of the sex pheromone detection by nutritional and hormonal signals in a male insect.

As in other animals, insects can modulate their odor-guided behaviors, especially sexual behavior, according to environmental and physiological factors such as the individual's nutritional state. This behavioral flexibility results from modifications of the olfactory pathways under the control of hormones. Most studies have focused on the central modulation of the olfactory system and less attention has been paid to the peripheral olfactory system.

Revealing Crucial Influences of Boron Support on Regulating Geometric and Electronic Structures of 3D Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction Reactions.

Building insights into the structure-performance relationship of catalysts has been emphasized recently. However, it remains a challenge due to catalysts' various and complex structures, especially the easily overlooked influence of the support material. Here, we reveal the crucial influences of boron introduction on synthesizing 3D carbon nanotube monoliths with embedded multistate Co metals, i.

Promotion of Cardiovascular Health in Africa: The Alliance for Medical Research in Africa (AMedRA) Expert Panel.

This proposed scientific statement is focused on providing new insights regarding challenges and opportunities for cardiovascular health (CVH) promotion in Africa. The statement includes an overview of the current state of CVH in Africa, with a particular interest in the cardiometabolic risk factors and their evaluation through metrics. The statement also explains the main principles of primordial prevention, its relevance in reducing noncommunicable disease and the different strategies that have been effective worldwide.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of highly photoluminescent core/shell CuInZnSe/ZnS quantum dots as photovoltaic absorbers.

Water-dispersible core/shell CuInZnSe/ZnS (CIZSe/ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) were efficiently synthesized under microwave irradiation using -acetylcysteine (NAC) and sodium citrate as capping agents. The photoluminescence (PL) emission of CIZSe/ZnS QDs can be tuned from 593 to 733 nm with varying the Zn : Cu molar ratio in the CIZSe core. CIZSe/ZnS QDs prepared with a Zn : Cu ratio of 0.

Photodegradation of naphthalene-derived particle oxidation products.

While photochemical aging is known to alter secondary organic aerosol (SOA) properties, this process remains poorly constrained for anthropogenic SOA. This study investigates the photodegradation of SOA produced from the hydroxyl radical-initiated oxidation of naphthalene under low- and high-NO conditions. We used state-of-the-art mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, including extractive electrospray ionization and chemical ionization MS, for the in-depth molecular characterization of gas and particulate phases.

Intra-articular injection of inorganic pyrophosphate improves IL-1β-induced cartilage damage in rat model of knee osteoarthritis in vivo.

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of chronic joint disease, affecting mainly the elderly population. This disorder is caused by cartilage degeneration with complex changes in the chondrocyte phenotype. Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) was shown to counteract the detrimental effect of interleukin (IL)-1β challenging in an in vitro OA model based on rat articular chondrocytes.

Robust and time-resolved estimation of cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic indices.

The time-resolved analysis of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) is crucial for the evaluation of the dynamic changes of autonomic activity under different clinical and behavioural conditions. Standard HRV analysis is performed in the frequency domain because the sympathetic activations tend to increase low-frequency HRV oscillations, while the parasympathetic ones increase high-frequency HRV oscillations. However, a strict separation of HRV into frequency bands may cause biased estimations, especially in the low-frequency range.

Optimizing work in community pharmacy: What preferences do community pharmacists and pharmacy technicians have for a better allocation of daily activities?

Objective: Pharmacy work encompasses two main streams. These are logistic flow (the supply and distribution of healthcare products) and pharmaceutical flow (the dispensing and provision of pharmacy services). The pharmaceutical flow has increased significantly with the introduction of reimbursed services such as Rapid Diagnostic Tests, chronic disease screening, minor ailment prescriptions, vaccine prescription and administration, and medication reviews.

Building a reliable 16S mini-barcode library of wild bees from Occitania, south-west of France.

Background: DNA barcoding and metabarcoding are now powerful tools for studying biodiversity and especially the accurate identification of large sample collections belonging to diverse taxonomic groups. Their success depends largely on the taxonomic resolution of the DNA sequences used as barcodes and on the reliability of the reference databases. For wild bees, the barcode sequences coverage is consistently growing in volume, but some incorrect species annotations need to be cared for.

IRF5 as a potential immunological biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: In the clinic, the primary conventional treatments of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promise in optimizing therapeutic benefits when combined with other immunotherapies or standard therapies. However, effective biomarkers for distant metastasis or recurrence have yet to be identified, making it difficult to determine the best therapeutic approaches.

Effects of Social Structure on Effective Population Size Change Estimates.

Most methods currently used to infer the "demographic history of species" interpret this expression as a history of population size changes. The detection, quantification, and dating of demographic changes often rely on the assumption that population structure can be neglected. However, most vertebrates are typically organized in populations subdivided into social groups that are usually ignored in the interpretation of genetic data.

Photochromic Sodalites: From Natural Minerals to Advanced Applied Materials.

ConspectusWhile photochromic natural sodalites, an aluminosilicate mineral, were originally considered as curiosities, articles published in the past ten years have radically changed this perspective. It has been proven that their artificial synthesis was easy and allowed compositional tuning. Combined with simulations, it has been shown that a wide range of photochromic properties were achievable for synthetic sodalites (color, activation energy, reversibility, etc.

Manganese overload as a co-factor of neurological symptoms in a patient with sclerosing cholangitis due to Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

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Active Learning to Select the Most Suitable Reagents and One-Step Organic Chemistry Reactions for Prioritizing Target-Specific Hits from Ultralarge Chemical Spaces.

Designing chemically novel and synthesizable ligands from the largest possible chemical space is a major issue in modern drug discovery to identify early hits that are easily amenable to medicinal chemistry optimization. Starting from the sole three-dimensional structure of a protein binding site, we herewith describe a fully automated active learning protocol to propose the commercial chemical reagents and one-step organic chemistry reactions necessary to enumerate target-specific primary hits from ultralarge chemical spaces. When applied in different scenarios (single transform and multiple transforms) addressing chemical spaces of various sizes (from 670 million to 4.

Presenilins as hub proteins controlling the endocytic and autophagic pathways and small extracellular vesicle secretion.

Emerging evidence indicates that autophagy is tightly connected to the endocytic pathway. Here, we questioned the role of presenilins (PSENs 1 and 2), previously shown to be involved in autophagy regulation, in the secretion of small endocytic-originating extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. Indeed, while wild-type cells responded to stimuli promoting both multivesicular endosome (MVE) formation and secretion of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) enriched in canonical exosomal proteins, PSEN-deficient cells were almost unaffected to these stimuli.

Determinants of Dropout From a Virtual Agent-Based App for Insomnia Management in a Self-Selected Sample of Users With Insomnia Symptoms: Longitudinal Study.

Background: Fully automated digital interventions delivered via smartphone apps have proven efficacious for a wide variety of mental health outcomes. An important aspect is that they are accessible at a low cost, thereby increasing their potential public impact and reducing disparities. However, a major challenge to their successful implementation is the phenomenon of users dropping out early.

Fabrication of Quasi-Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Battery via Photopolymerization-Induced Microphase Separation.

The photopolymerization-induced microphase separation (photo-PIMS) process involving a reactive polymer block was implemented to fabricate nanostructured quasi-solid polymer electrolytes (QSPEs) for use in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). This innovative one-pot fabrication enhances interfacial properties in LMBs by enabling nanostructuring of QSPE directly onto the electrodes. This process also allows for customization of QSPE structural dimensions by tweaking the architecture and molar mass of poly[(oligo ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate--styrene] (P(OEGMA--S)) macromolecular chain transfer agent.

Multi-omics analysis in inclusion body myositis identifies mir-16 responsible for HLA overexpression.

Background: Inclusion Body Myositis is an acquired muscle disease. Its pathogenesis is unclear due to the co-existence of inflammation, muscle degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction. We aimed to provide a more advanced understanding of the disease by combining multi-omics analysis with prior knowledge.