Description of acoustical Gaussian beams from the electromagnetic Davis scheme of approximations and the on-axis localized approximation.

Electromagnetic Gaussian beams may be described by using a Davis scheme of approximations. It is demonstrated that this scheme also may be used, with minor changes, to manage the description of acoustical waves. The acoustical version of the Davis scheme afterward allows one to establish an efficient and accurate localized approximation to evaluate beam shape coefficients, which encode the structures of acoustical waves, similar to the localized approximation, which has been made famous when dealing with electromagnetic waves.

Rigorous justification of a localized approximation to encode on-axis Gaussian acoustical waves.

Generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (GLMT) describes the interaction between electromagnetic waves (more specifically, laser beams) and homogeneous spherical particles. An acoustical GLMT-like framework can be used to deal with acoustical wave scattering. The incident acoustical wave may then be encoded in a set of beam shape coefficients (BSCs) similar to the ones used in electromagnetic scattering.

Data on Cu- and Ni-Si-Mn-rich solute clustering in a neutron irradiated austenitic stainless steel.

The data presented in this article is supplementary to the research article "Phase instabilities in austenitic steels during particle bombardment at high and low dose rates" (Levine et al.) [5]. Needle-shaped samples were prepared with focused ion beam milling from a 304L stainless steel that was irradiated with fast neutrons (E 0.

Controlling solid-liquid-solid GeSn nanowire growth modes by changing deposition sequences of a-Ge:H layer and SnOnanoparticles.

Alloying Ge with Sn is one of the promising ways for achieving Si compatible optoelectronics. Here, GeSn nanowires (NWs) are realized via nano-crystallization of a hydrogenated amorphous Ge (a-Ge:H) layer with the help of metal Sn droplets. The full process consists of three steps: (1) SnOnanoparticle (NP) reduction in a hydrogen plasma to produce Sn catalyst; (2) a-Ge:H deposition at 120 °C and (3) annealing.

Prospective study of a web-mediated management of febrile neutropenia related to chemotherapy (Bioconnect).

Background: We aimed to investigate whether patient self-evaluated symptoms transmitted via Internet is feasible between planned visits to provide an early management of fever and neutropenia induced by chemotherapy, and if it can reduce hospitalizations for severe neutropenia.

Methods: Patients who received a chemotherapy regimen with an overall risk of febrile neutropenia ≥ 20% had to report daily temperature between physician planned visits using a web application. Fever and clinical signs of seriousness were reported to the physician (if some criteria were fulfilled in a specific algorithm) via automatic email notifications by the web application.

[Web-mediated follow-up and prognosis in lung cancer patients].

E-health is fashionable, but clinical evidence of its usefulness is rare and limited to reporting symptoms without specific analysis. The Chaos theory is applicable to the dynamics of the cancer and brings possibilities of use of its properties to develop useful, relevant and validated tools for cancer patients monitoring. The Chaos theory is applicable to the understanding of tumor dynamics due to interactions between tumor, host, endothelial and immune cells.

Preliminary data on arsenic and trace metals concentrations in wetlands around artisanal and industrial mining areas (Cote d'Ivoire, West Africa).

This data article is issued from the research article ''Distribution trends and ecological risks of arsenic and trace metals in wetland sediments around gold mining activities in central-southern and southeastern Côte d'Ivoire'' [1]. It presents arsenic and trace metal Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Fe, Al, Mn, and Ni loadings in surface sediments collected from industrial mining, artisanal and small scale mining, and non-mining areas (West Africa). Are also provided, hierarchical dendrograms and factor loadings derived from the Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) and the principal component analysis (PCA), respectively.

Laser-assisted atom probe tomography of semiconductors: The impact of the focused-ion beam specimen preparation.

This paper demonstrates the increased light absorption efficiency of semiconducting atom probe tips resulting from focused-ion-beam (FIB) preparation. We use transmission electron microscopy to show that semiconducting tips prepared with FIB are surrounded with an amorphized shell. Photomodulated optical reflectance measurements then provide evidence that FIB-induced damage leads to an increase in both sub- and supra-bandgap light absorption efficiency.

Atom probe tomography analysis of SiGe fins embedded in SiO: Facts and artefacts.

We present atom probe analysis of 40nm wide SiGe fins embedded in SiO and discuss the root cause of artefacts observed in the reconstructed data. Additionally, we propose a simple data treatment routine, relying on complementary transmission electron microscopy analysis, to improve compositional analysis of the embedded SiGe fins. Using field evaporation simulations, we show that for high oxide to fin width ratios the difference in evaporation field thresholds between SiGe and SiO results in a non-hemispherical emitter shape with a negative curvature in the direction across, but not along the fin.

Randomized Trial Comparing a Web-Mediated Follow-up With Routine Surveillance in Lung Cancer Patients.

Background: The use of web-based monitoring for lung cancer patients is growing in interest because of promising recent results suggesting improvement in cancer and resource utilization outcomes. It remains an open question whether the overall survival (OS) in these patients could be improved by using a web-mediated follow-up rather than classical scheduled follow-up and imaging.

Methods: Advanced-stage lung cancer patients without evidence of disease progression after or during initial treatment were randomly assigned in a multicenter phase III trial to compare a web-mediated follow-up algorithm (experimental arm), based on weekly self-scored patient symptoms, with routine follow-up with CT scans scheduled every three to six months according to the disease stage (control arm).

New Atom Probe Tomography Reconstruction Algorithm for Multilayered Samples: Beyond the Hemispherical Constraint.

Accuracy of atom probe tomography measurements is strongly degraded by the presence of phases that have different evaporation fields. In particular, when there are perpendicular interfaces to the tip axis in the specimen, layers thicknesses are systematically biased and the resolution is degraded near the interfaces. Based on an analytical model of field evaporated emitter end-form, a new algorithm dedicated to the 3D reconstruction of multilayered samples was developed.

Spatial avascular growth of tumor in a homogeneous environment.

Describing tumor growth is a key issue in oncology for correctly understanding the underlying mechanisms leading to deleterious cancers. In order to take into account the micro-environment in tumor growth, we used a model describing - at the tissue level - the interactions between host (non malignant), effector immune and tumor cells to simulate the evolution of cancer. The spatial growth is described by a Laplacian operator for the diffusion of tumor cells.

Borinic Acid Catalysed Reduction of Tertiary Amides with Hydrosilanes: A Mild and Chemoselective Synthesis of Amines.

A reduction of various aryl, alkyl, and α,β-unsaturated amides with phenylsilane, catalysed by a borinic acid, is reported. The unprecedented reaction was carried out under very mild conditions and led to useful amines. Furthermore, the reaction tolerates a variety of functional groups.

Observability coefficients for predicting the class of synchronizability from the algebraic structure of the local oscillators.

Understanding the conditions under which a collective dynamics emerges in a complex network is still an open problem. A useful approach is the master stability function-and its related classes of synchronization-which offers a necessary condition to assess when a network successfully synchronizes. Observability coefficients, on the other hand, quantify how well the original state space of a system can be observed given only the access to a measured variable.

Architecture of chaotic attractors for flows in the absence of any singular point.

Some chaotic attractors produced by three-dimensional dynamical systems without any singular point have now been identified, but explaining how they are structured in the state space remains an open question. We here want to explain-in the particular case of the Wei system-such a structure, using one-dimensional sets obtained by vanishing two of the three derivatives of the flow. The neighborhoods of these sets are made of points which are characterized by the eigenvalues of a 2 × 2 matrix describing the stability of flow in a subspace transverse to it.

Kinetic theory of diffusion-limited nucleation.

We examine binary nucleation in the size and composition space {R,c} using the formalism of the multivariable theory [N. V. Alekseechkin, J.

Stereoarrayed CF3 -Substituted 1,3-Diols by Dynamic Kinetic Resolution: Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation.

CF3 -substituted 1,3-diols were stereoselectively prepared in excellent enantiopurity and high yield from CF3 -substituted diketones by using an ansa-ruthenium(II)-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation in formic acid/triethylamine. The intermediate mono-reduced alcohol was also obtained in very high enantiopurity by applying milder reaction conditions. In particular, CF3 C(O)-substituted benzofused cyclic ketones underwent either a single or a double dynamic kinetic resolution during their reduction.

Microstructural Evolution in 2101 Lean Duplex Stainless Steel During Low- and Intermediate-Temperature Aging.

The microstructural evolution of a 2101 lean duplex stainless steel (DSS) during isothermal aging from room temperature to 470 °C was investigated using thermoelectric power (TEP) measurements to follow the kinetics, atom probe tomography, and transmission electron microscopy. Despite the low Ni, Cr, and Mo contents, the lean DSS was sensitive to α-α' phase separation and Ni-Mn-Si-Al-Cu clustering at intermediate temperatures. The time-temperature pairs characteristic of the early stages of ferrite decomposition were determined from the TEP kinetics.

Motion of Optically Heated Spheres at the Water-Air Interface.

A micrometer-sized spherical particle classically equilibrates at the water-air interface in partial wetting configuration, causing about no deformation to the interface. In condition of thermal equilibrium, the particle just undergoes faint Brownian motion, well visible under a microscope. We report experimental observations when the particle is made of a light-absorbing material and is heated up by a vertical laser beam.

A Meshless Algorithm to Model Field Evaporation in Atom Probe Tomography.

An alternative approach for simulating the field evaporation process in atom probe tomography is presented. The model uses the electrostatic Robin's equation to directly calculate charge distribution over the tip apex conducting surface, without the need for a supporting mesh. The partial ionization state of the surface atoms is at the core of the method.

In-situ characterization of nanoparticle beams focused with an aerodynamic lens by Laser-Induced Breakdown Detection.

The Laser-Induced Breakdown Detection technique (LIBD) was adapted to achieve fast in-situ characterization of nanoparticle beams focused under vacuum by an aerodynamic lens. The method employs a tightly focused, 21 μm, scanning laser microprobe which generates a local plasma induced by the laser interaction with a single particle. A counting mode optical detection allows the achievement of 2D mappings of the nanoparticle beams with a reduced analysis time thanks to the use of a high repetition rate infrared pulsed laser.

An easy-to-use technique to characterize cardiodynamics from first-return maps on ΔRR-intervals.

Heart rate variability analysis using 24-h Holter monitoring is frequently performed to assess the cardiovascular status of a patient. The present retrospective study is based on the beat-to-beat interval variations or ΔRR, which offer a better view of the underlying structures governing the cardiodynamics than the common RR-intervals. By investigating data for three groups of adults (with normal sinus rhythm, congestive heart failure, and atrial fibrillation, respectively), we showed that the first-return maps built on ΔRR can be classified according to three structures: (i) a moderate central disk, (ii) a reduced central disk with well-defined segments, and (iii) a large triangular shape.

Symbolic computations of nonlinear observability.

Observability is a very useful concept for determining whether the dynamics of complicated systems can be correctly reconstructed from a single (univariate or multivariate) time series. When the governing equations of dynamical systems are high-dimensional and/or rational, analytical computations of observability coefficients produce large polynomial functions with a number of terms that become exponentially large with the dimension and the nature of the system. In order to overcome this difficulty, we introduce here a symbolic observability coefficient based on a symbolic computation of the determinant of the observability matrix.

Discovering independent parameters in complex dynamical systems.

The transformation of a nonlinear dynamical system into a standard form by using one of its variables and its successive derivatives can be used to identify the relationships that may exist between the parameters of the original system such as the subset of the parameter space over which the dynamics is left invariant. We show how the size of the attractor or the time scale (the pseudo-period) can be varied without affecting the underlying dynamics. This is demonstrated for the Rössler and the Lorenz systems.