Induced abortion incidence and safety in Burkina Faso in 2020: Results from a population-based survey using direct and social network-based estimation approaches.

This study aims to estimate induced abortion incidence and safety in Burkina Faso using direct and indirect methods, overall and by women's background characteristics. Data come from a nationally representative survey of reproductive aged women (n = 6,388). To address social desirability bias in abortion reporting, we asked about respondents' closest female friends' experience with abortion.

Typologies of women's abortion trajectories in Burkina Faso: findings from a qualitative study.

Background: Abortion is a legally restricted, yet common reproductive life event among women in Burkina Faso; however, women's abortion experiences vary greatly depending on their social and economic capital, partner involvement, and level of knowledge. We sought to classify women's abortion care-seeking experiences across the life course and social conditions into typologies using qualitative data.

Methods: An initial quantitative survey among a nationally representative sample of women ages 15-49 years collected information on women's induced abortion experiences.

Social Network-Based Induced Abortion Incidence Estimation in Burkina Faso: Examining the Impact of the Network Generating Question.

Social network-based methods are increasingly used to estimate induced abortion incidence and investigate correlates. Approaches differ in the social tie definitions used to identify which social network members' abortion experiences respondents will report. This study compares the effect of using the "best friend" (closest female friend) versus "confidante" (specifying mutual sharing of personal information) definition on abortion incidence estimation.

Contraceptive Use Before and After Abortion: A Cross-Sectional Study from Nigeria and Côte d'Ivoire.

Post-abortion contraception enables women to effectively manage their fertility to prevent unintended pregnancies. Using data from population-based surveys of women aged 15-49 in Nigeria and Côte d'Ivoire, we examined contraceptive dynamics immediately before and after an abortion and examined factors associated with these changes using multivariable logistic regressions. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, abortion source, post-abortion contraceptive communication (wanting to and actually talking to someone about contraception after abortion), and perceived contraceptive autonomy.

Pregnancy planning and acceptance and maternal psychological distress during pregnancy: results from the National Perinatal Survey, France, 2016.

Background: Studies report heightened risks of mental health problems among women who experience an unintended pregnancy, but few consider the complexity of pregnancy intentions. In this study, we evaluate how different dimensions of pregnancy intentions (pregnancy planning and pregnancy acceptance) relate to two maternal depressive symptoms and perceived psychological distress.

Methods: This study draws from a cross-sectional national survey conducted in all maternities in France over a one-week period in 2016.

Mental health consequences of military sexual trauma: results from a national survey in the French military.

Background: Military sexual trauma (MST) is a major public health concern, given its prevalence and mental health sequelae. This phenomenon is particularly prevalent among women in the US military, although more cases involve men given their overrepresentation. Little is known about MST and its consequences in other military settings, including in Europe.

Determinants of women's preferred and actual abortion provision locations in Nigeria.

Background: Unsafe abortion remains a leading cause of maternal mortality globally. Many factors can influence women's decisions around where to seek abortion care; however, little research has been done on abortion care decisions at a population-level in low-resource settings, particularly where abortion is legally restricted.

Methods: This analysis uses data from a 2019-2020 follow-up survey of 1144 women in six Nigerian states who reported an abortion experience in a 2018 cross-sectional survey.

The role of organization of care in GPs' prevention practice.

Background: General practitioners (GPs) do not systematically include preventive recommendations in their practice, and some characteristics of health care organization are associated with more systematic prevention. But the characteristics of health care organization may act in a nonuniform manner depending on the type of preventive care. Thus, one characteristic can be positively associated with one type of preventive care and negatively associated with another.

From sexual harassment to sexual assault: Prevalence and correlates of sexual trauma in the French military.

Background: Sexual harassment (SH) is prevalent in military settings and dependent on the workplace environment. Few studies have investigated this issue in non-US military settings nor have examined how contextual and individual factors related to Military Sexual Trauma (MST) vary by gender.

Methods: This study draws on a national sexual survey in the French military including 1268 servicemen and 232 servicewomen.

Clinical course and cost assessment of infants with a first episode of acute bronchiolitis presenting to the emergency department: Data from the GUERANDE clinical trial.

Introduction: Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization for infants but its economic burden is not well documented. Our objective was to describe the clinical evolution and to assess the 1-month cost of a first episode of acute bronchiolitis presenting to the emergency department (ED).

Methods: Our study was an epidemiologic analysis and a cost study of the cohort drawn from the clinical trial GUERANDE, conducted in 24 French pediatric EDs.

Youth Relationships in the Era of COVID-19: A Mixed-Methods Study Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Kenya.

Background: Measures to mitigate COVID-19's impact may inhibit development of healthy youth relationships, affecting partnership quality and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study to understand how COVID-19 affected girls' and young women's relationships in Kenya. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression examined factors associated with relationship quality dynamics and SRH outcomes among 756 partnered adolescents aged 15-24 years.

The Intersection of Power and Gender: Examining the Relationship of Empowerment and Gender-Unequal Norms Among Young Adolescents in Kinshasa, DRC.

Purpose: To examine how perceptions of gender norms and expressions of empowerment are related among disadvantaged young adolescent boys and girls in Kinshasa, DRC.

Methods: We included data from 2,610 adolescent boys and girls between 10 and 14 years old. We examined correlations between three dimensions of perceived gender norms (a sexual double standard, gender stereotypical roles, and gender stereotypical traits) and two domains of agency (voice and decision-making), overall and by sex.

Unequal Gender Norms Are Related to Symptoms of Depression Among Young Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional, Cross-Cultural Study.

Purpose: This study was undertaken among 10- to 14-year-old girls and boys in disadvantaged areas of Shanghai, China; Cuenca, Ecuador; Flanders, Belgium; and Denpasar and Semarang, Indonesia. It aimed to assess whether gender norms are related to depressive symptomatology, and to examine whether sex differences in depressive symptoms can be explained by differences in gender norm perceptions.

Methods: We examined the distributions of depressive symptoms and two gender norms scales, gender stereotypical traits (GST), and sexual double standard (SDS), across sites and by sex.

Postabortion care availability, facility readiness and accessibility in Nigeria and Côte d'Ivoire.

Postabortion care (PAC) is an essential component of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) and is necessary to prevent unsafe abortion-related maternal mortality, but we know little regarding the preparedness of facilities to provide PAC services, the distribution of these services and disparities in their accessibility in low-resource settings. To address this knowledge gap, this study aims to describe PAC service availability, evaluate PAC readiness and measure inequities in access to PAC services in seven states of Nigeria and nationally in Côte d'Ivoire. We used survey data from reproductive-age women and the health facilities that serve the areas where they live.

Need for and use of contraception by women before and during COVID-19 in four sub-Saharan African geographies: results from population-based national or regional cohort surveys.

Background: Although hindrances to the sexual and reproductive health of women are expected because of COVID-19, the actual effect of the pandemic on contraceptive use and unintended pregnancy risk in women, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, remains largely unknown. We aimed to examine population-level changes in the need for and use of contraception by women during the COVID-19 pandemic, determine if these changes differed by sociodemographic characteristics, and compare observed changes during the COVID-19 pandemic with trends in the 2 preceding years.

Methods: In this study, we used four rounds of Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) population-based survey data collected in four geographies: two at the country level (Burkina Faso and Kenya) and two at the subnational level (Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Lagos, Nigeria).

Family Planning Beliefs and Their Association with Contraceptive Use Dynamics: Results from a Longitudinal Study in Uganda.

Norms and beliefs toward contraception, both positive and negative, motivate contraceptive use; however, they have seldom been explored longitudinally in low- and middle-income countries, limiting our understanding of their influence on contraceptive dynamics. We used PMA2020 Uganda national longitudinal data of reproductive aged women in 2018 (baseline) and 2019 (follow-up) to explore discontinuation and switching among modern contraceptive users at baseline (n = 688) and contraceptive use at follow-up among nonusers at baseline (n = 1,377). Multivariable simple and multinomial logistic regressions assessed the association of individual and community-level contraceptive beliefs with contraceptive uptake, discontinuation and switching.

Correlates of premature pap test screening, under 25 years old: analysis of data from the CONSTANCES cohort study.

Background: Many countries currently recommend that screening for cervical cancer begin at the age of 25 years. Premature screening (before that age) could lead to unnecessary follow-up examinations and procedures that turn out to be useless. Our objective is to ascertain if the use of particular contraceptive methods are associated with premature screening.

Contraceptive dynamics during COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: longitudinal evidence from Burkina Faso and Kenya.

Introduction: Evidence from health emergencies suggests COVID-19 will disrupt women's sexual and reproductive health (SRH). In sub-Saharan Africa, which experiences the highest rates of unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion globally, COVID-19 is projected to slow recent progress toward universal access to contraceptive services.

Methods: We used longitudinal data collected from women at risk of unintended pregnancy in Burkina Faso (n=1186) and Kenya (n=2784) before (November 2019-February 2020) and during (May-July 2020) COVID-19 to quantify contraceptive dynamics during COVID-19; examine sociodemographic factors and COVID-19 experiences related to contraceptive dynamics; and assess COVID-19-related reasons for contraceptive non-use.

The role of partner influence in contraceptive adoption, discontinuation, and switching in a nationally representative cohort of Ugandan women.

Background: Understanding contraceptive use dynamics is critical to addressing unmet need for contraception. Despite evidence that male partners may influence contraceptive decision-making, few studies have prospectively examined the supportive ways that men influence women's contraceptive use and continuation.

Objective: This study sought to understand the predictive effect of partner influence, defined as partner's fertility intentions and support for contraception, and discussions about avoiding pregnancy prior to contraceptive use, on contraceptive use dynamics (continuation, discontinuation, switching, adoption) over a one-year period.

Sex education and contraceptive use of adolescent and young adult females in the United States: an analysis of the National Survey of Family Growth 2011-2017.

Objectives: The effects of the comprehensiveness of sex education on sexual health measures have not been well-studied. We compared trends in comprehensive sex education and its relation to contraceptive use at first intercourse and current contraceptive use for women ages 15-24 in the United States between 2011 and 2017.

Study Design: Analyses included females ages 15-24 from the 2011-2017 National Survey of Family Growth.

Intrauterine fetoscopic laser surgery versus expectant management in stage 1 twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: an international randomized trial.

Background: Selective fetoscopic laser coagulation of the intertwin anastomotic chorionic vessels is the first-line treatment for twin-twin transfusion syndrome. However, in stage 1 twin-twin transfusion syndrome, the risks of intrauterine surgery may be higher than those of the natural progression of the condition.

Objective: This study aimed to compare immediate surgery and expectant follow-up in stage 1 twin-twin transfusion syndrome.

From non-use to covert and overt use of contraception: Identifying community and individual factors informing Nigerian women's degree of contraceptive empowerment.

Objective: In Nigeria, unmet need for contraception is high despite improved access to modern contraception. To identify factors that support Nigerian women's contraceptive decisions to achieve their reproductive goals, in the presence or absence of their partner's support, we seek to identify individual/couple and community level determinants of a spectrum of contraceptive practices, from non-use to covert and overt use of contraception.

Methods: Data were drawn from a national probability survey conducted by Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 in Nigeria in 2017-2018.

Combined Effect of Health Status and Primary Care Use on Participation in Cancer Screening: The CONSTANCES Cohort.

Background: The combined association between primary care utilization and health status with breast cancer screening (BCS) and cervical cancer screening (CCS) remains unclear. Our aim was to identify women's profiles based on their health status and primary care utilization and study their associated adherence to BCS and CCS recommendations.

Methods: Using data from the cohort of people visiting health screening centers (CONSTANCES) in France (2012-2015), we first identified women's profiles based on their health status (self-perceived health, physical, and mental health) and primary care utilization (visit to the General Practitioner [GP], uptake of blood tests) using a multiple correspondence analysis and a hierarchical cluster analysis.