[Economic burden of diabetic patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.].

Objectives: The analysis aimed to quantify the number and costs of patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or with risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease from the Regional Health Service (RHS) perspective of the Marche region.

Materials And Methods: A cost of illness (COI) model was developed to estimate the economic burden associated with diabetes and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Data were extrapolated from the administrative database of the Marche region and specific inclusion criteria for enrolling patients were adapted from DECLARE-TIMI 58 clinical trial.

Economic Impact of Schizophrenia from a Hospital and Social Security System Perspective in Italy.

Background: Schizophrenia is one of the mental disorders with the highest economic and social costs, with an important burden on patients, caregivers, and society.

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the direct and social security costs of schizophrenia in Italy. As far as direct costs are concerned, those related to hospitalizations and pharmaceutical expenditure have been analyzed, while disability benefits (DBs) and incapacity pensions (IPs) have been considered for the social security costs.

The impact of direct acting antivirals on hepatitis C virus disease burden and associated costs in four european countries.

Background And Aims: We assessed the clinical and economic impact of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in England, Italy, Romania and Spain.

Methods: An HCV progression Markov model was developed considering DAA eligibility and population data during the years 2015-2019. The period of time to recover the investment in DAAs was calculated as the cost saved by avoiding estimated clinical events for 1000 standardized treated patients.

Cross-regional variations of Covid-19 mortality in Italy: an ecological study.

Background: Disparities in cross-regional coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) mortality remain poorly understood. The association between pre-epidemic health and epidemic mortality can inform a policy response to future outbreaks.

Method: We conducted an ecological study of the association between the cumulative deaths attributed to Covid-19 epidemic in the 20 Italian regions and nine determinants of population health derived from a systematic review of the literature.

As-needed anti-inflammatory reliever therapy for asthma management: evidence and practical considerations.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease in which airway inflammation is a key feature, even in the milder expressions of the disease. The conventional pharmacological approach to mild asthma has long relied on reliever therapy with as-needed short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs), while anti-inflammatory maintenance with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) has been reserved for patients with more persistent asthma. Poor adherence to maintenance treatment is an important issue in asthma management, and can partly explain suboptimal symptom control.

Direct and indirect costs of cluster headache: a prospective analysis in a tertiary level headache centre.

Background: Cluster headache (CH) is the most frequent trigemino-autonomic cephalgia. CH can manifest as episodic (ECH) or chronic cluster headache (CCH) causing significant burden of disease and requiring attack therapy and prophylactic treatment. The few data available on the economic burden of CH come from retrospective studies based on questionnaires, population surveys and medical insurance claims database.

Osteoporosis: Economic Burden of Disease in Italy.

Background And Objective: Today, osteoporosis is the most common bone disease and an important public health problem in all developed countries. The objective of this study was to estimate the costs associated with the management and treatment of osteoporosis in order to assess the economic burden in Italy for 2017, in terms of direct medical costs and social security costs.

Methods: A cost of illness model was developed to estimate the average cost per year sustained by the NHS (National Health Service) and Social Security System in Italy.

Budget Impact Analysis of Dalbavancin in the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections in Three European Countries.

Background And Objective: Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) have been defined by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2013 to include a subset of complicated skin and skin structure infections commonly treated with parenteral antibiotic therapy. Inpatient treatment of ABSSSIs involves a significant economic burden on the healthcare system. This study aimed to evaluate the economic impact on the National Health System associated with the management of non-severe ABSSSIs treated in hospitals with innovative long-acting dalbavancin compared to standard antibiotic therapy in Italy, Spain, and Austria.

Economic evaluation of colorectal cancer screening programs: Affordability for the health service.

Objectives: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of the public colorectal cancer screening program in the Abruzzo region, Italy.

Methods: Cost-effectiveness was analysed using a two-armed Markov model comparing: (1) Abruzzo screening program based on biennial faecal immunochemical occult blood testing, with colonoscopy as second level test for individuals with positive results, with (2) Treatment of symptomatic patients according to the stage of the neoplasm. Transition probabilities were adjusted for accuracy of tests and incidence of colorectal cancer.

Cost of chronic and episodic migraine patients in continuous treatment for two years in a tertiary level headache Centre.

Background: Migraine is one of the most common neurological diseases and an estimated 1.04 billion people worldwide have been diagnosed with migraine. Available data suggest that migraine is world widely associated with a high economic burden, but there is great variability in estimated costs that depends on the geographical, methodological and temporal differences between the studies.

Estimation of the number of HCV-positive patients in Italy.

Background: HCV is one of the main causes of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver transplantation.

Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the number of living individuals diagnosed with hepatitis C in Italy. This study also aimed to stratify these subjects as diagnosed and cured, diagnosed awaiting a cure, and undiagnosed (individuals who were not diagnosed, living or lived with hepatitis C).

The burden of atopic dermatitis in adults in Italy.

Background: Moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) generates a considerable consumption of healthcare resources and significant economic consequences for the patients and their families, healthcare systems (NHS) and society. Several studies on the burden of AD in paediatric patients are available in literature, while data in adults is scant. The purpose of this study was to estimate the direct and indirect costs of moderate to severe AD in adult patients in Italy.

Budget impact of bimonthly use of cetuximab in patients diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Cetuximab is used for the treatment of RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Standard administration schedule is once a week; however, the bioequivalence of an every-other-week (EOW) schedule was demonstrated. We compared a base case scenario of 100% weekly administration to an EOW at 50 or 100%.

Economic burden of HPV9-related diseases: a real-world cost analysis from Italy.

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to estimate the economic burden of HPV in Italy, accounting for total direct medical costs associated with nine major HPV-related diseases, and to provide a measure of the burden attributable to HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58 infections.

Methods: A cost-of-illness incidence-based model was developed to estimate the incidences and costs of invasive cervical cancer, cervical dysplasia, cancer of the vulva, vagina, anus, penis, oropharyngeal, anogenital warts, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) in the context of the Italian National Health System (NHS). We used data from hospital discharge records (HDRs) of an Italian region and conducted a systematic literature review to estimate the lifetime cost per case, the number of incident cases, the prevalence of HPV9 types.

Economic evaluation of the treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections (ABSSSIs) from the national payer perspective: introduction of a new treatment to the patient journey. A simulation of three European countries.

: The aim of this study was to develop a spending predictor model to evaluate the direct costs associated with the management of ABSSSIs from the National health-care provider's perspective of Italy, Romania, and Spain. : A decision-analytic model was developed to evaluate the diagnostic and clinical pathways of hospitalized ABSSSI patients based on scientific guidelines and real-world data. A Standard of Care (SoC) scenario was compared with a dalbavancin scenario in which the patients could be discharged early.

Rationale and budget impact of bimonthly use of Cetuximab in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer.

Background: In recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer, Cetuximab is administered once a week, followed by weekly doses. We present the clinical rationale of a different schedule of maintenance Cetuximab and we estimate the potential economic benefits on the health care budget from a societal perspective in Italy.

Methods: A budget impact (BI) excel-based model was developed comparing a base case scenario of 100% weekly administration with a dose of 250 mg/m to an every-other-week (EOW) administration at 50% or 100% with a dose of 500 mg/m .

Factors That Predict Overall Patient Satisfaction With Oncology Hospital Care in Bulgaria.

Background: The relevance of studies focusing on patient satisfaction becomes imperative for patients with cancer, who often face major changes in their lifestyles. Their perceived uncertainty in illness and their personal experiences with the services received are crucial factors for a qualitatively adequate assistance.

Objectives: To assess the determinants of patient satisfaction, using a sample of 306 Bulgarian oncology outpatients.

Trends in age-related disease burden and healthcare utilization.

Aging is a strong risk factor for many chronic diseases. However, the impact of an aging population on the prevalence of chronic diseases and related healthcare costs are not known. We used a prevalence-based approach that combines accurate clinical and drug prescription data from Health Search CSD-LPD.

Heterogeneity in long term health outcomes of migrants within Italy.

This article examines the long term physical and mental health effects of internal migration focusing on a relatively unique migration experience concentrated over a short period between 1950 and 1970 from the South to the North of Italy. We find a positive and statistically significant association between migration, its timing and physical health for migrant females, which we show are likely to represent rural females in both the early and the late cohort. We find less defined evidence of migration-health association for mental health.

Economic Consequences of Investing in Anti-HCV Antiviral Treatment from the Italian NHS Perspective: A Real-World-Based Analysis of PITER Data.

Objective: We estimated the cost consequence of Italian National Health System (NHS) investment in direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy according to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment access policies in Italy.

Methods: A multistate, 20-year time horizon Markov model of HCV liver disease progression was developed. Fibrosis stage, age and genotype distributions were derived from the Italian Platform for the Study of Viral Hepatitis Therapies (PITER) cohort.

Direct and Indirect Costs of Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) and X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in Italy.

Background: In Italy, there is scarce evidence on the epidemiological and economic burden induced by primary antibody deficiencies.

Objective: The aim of this study was to elaborate the available epidemiological and cost data in order to estimate the annual expenditure induced by the management of patients affected by the common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) requiring immunoglobulin (Ig) replacement therapy.

Methods: A probabilistic cost-of-illness model was developed to estimate the number of patients with CVID and XLA, and the economic burden associated with their therapy in terms of direct or indirect costs.

Cost Estimate of Immune-Related Adverse Reactions Associated with Innovative Treatments of Metastatic Melanoma.

Background And Objective: Immuno-oncology therapies represent a new treatment opportunity for patients affected by metastatic melanoma. The purpose of this study was to estimate the costs of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with the new anti-PD1 immuno-oncology therapies, with the anti-CTLA-4 immuno-oncology therapy and with the combined therapy (CTLA4 + anti-PD1) in patients affected by metastatic melanoma.

Materials And Methods: A probabilistic cost-of-illness (COI) model was developed to estimate the management costs of grade ≥ 3 adverse events associated with the new anti-PD1 therapies (pembrolizumab and nivolumab), the anti-CTLA-4 therapy (ipilimumab) and the combined therapy CTLA4 + anti-PD1 (nivolumab + ipilimumab) for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma from the National Health Service (NHS) perspective in Italy.

Probabilistic cost-effectiveness analysis of controlled ovarian stimulation with recombinant FSH plus recombinant LH vs. human menopausal gonadotropin for women undergoing IVF.

Background: The association of recombinant FSH plus recombinant LH in 2:1 ratio may be used not only to induce ovulation in anovulatory women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism but also to achieve multiple follicular developments in human IVF. The aim of this analysis was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of Controlled Ovarian Stimulation (COS) with recombinant FSH (rFSH) plus recombinant LH (rLH) in comparison with highly purified human menopausal gonadotropin (HP-hMG) in the woman undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) in Italy.

Methods: A probabilistic decision tree was developed to simulate patients undergoing IVF, either using r-FSH + r-LH or HP-hMG to obtain COS.

Impact of new DAA therapy on real clinical practice: a multicenter region-wide cohort study.

Background: Management of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) has significantly accelerated in the last few years. Currently, second generation direct acting antivirals (DAAs) promise clearance of infection in most of patients. Here we present the results of the first analysis carried out on data of Lazio clinical network for DAAs.