Identification and Profiling of MicroRNAs During Embryogenesis in the Red Claw Crayfish .

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that constitute a broad layer of gene regulation at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. In embryonic development, they regulate the complex gene expression associated with the complexity of embryogenesis. There is little information about miRNAs in the red claw crayfish (), an important commercial species and a potential biological model.

Characterization and function analysis of a Kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitor in the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus.

Kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitors (KPIs) function in physiological and immunological processes requiring proteinase action. In the present study, the first Cherax quadricarinatus KPI gene (designated CqKPI) was identified and characterized. The open reading frame of CqKPI contains 405 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 134 amino acids.

Endosymbionts of Metazoans Dwelling in the PACManus Hydrothermal Vent: Diversity and Potential Adaptive Features Revealed by Genome Analysis.

Deep-sea hydrothermal vent communities are dominated by invertebrates, namely, bathymodiolin mussels, siboglinid tubeworms, and provannid snails. Symbiosis is considered key to successful colonization by these sedentary species in such extreme environments. In the PACManus vent fields, snails, tubeworms, and mussels each colonized a niche with distinct geochemical characteristics.

A live attenuated Edwardsiella tarda vaccine induces immunological expression pattern in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in the early phase of immunization.

A previous study showed that an attenuated Edwardsiella tarda strain, TXhfq, as a live vaccine could elicit protective immune effects in fish against E. tarda infection. In the current study, in order to clarify the molecular mechanism of fish immune response at the early stage after TXhfq vaccination, RNA-Seq technology was used to compare the transcriptomes of skin, intestine, and spleen between bath-vaccinated and unvaccinated Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

The Translocation and Assembly Module (TAM) of Is Essential for Stress Resistance and Host Infection.

Translocation and assembly module (TAM) is a protein channel known to mediate the secretion of virulence factors during pathogen infection. is a Gram-negative bacterium that is pathogenic to a wide range of farmed fish and other hosts including humans. In this study, we examined the function of the two components of the TAM, TamA and TamB, of (named and , respectively).

IL-34 regulates the inflammatory response and anti-bacterial immune defense of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus.

Interleukin (IL)-34 is a relatively recently discovered cytokine with pleiotropic effects on various cellular activities, including immune response. In fish, the knowledge on the function of IL-34 is limited. In the present work, we investigated the function of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus IL-34 (PoIL-34) in association with inflammation and immune defense.

Transcriptome Analysis of Erythrocytes Reveals Profound Immune Responses Induced by Infection.

Unlike mammalian red blood cells (RBCs), fish RBCs are nucleated and thus capable of gene expression. Japanese flounder () is a species of marine fish with important economic values. Flounder are susceptible to , a severe bacterial pathogen that is able to infect and survive in flounder phagocytes.

Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus interleukin 21 induces inflammatory response and plays a vital role in the immune defense against bacterial pathogen.

Interleukin (IL)-21 is a pleiotropic cytokine and plays a vital role in immunity. In the current study, we examined the immune function of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus IL-21 (PoIL-21). PoIL-21 shares moderate (25.

Response of the Litopenaeus vananmei intestinal bacteria and antioxidant system to rearing density and exposure to Vibrio paraheamolyticus E1.

Intestinal bacteria and bacterial metabolic products are indispensable components of both invertebrate and vertebrate physiology, directly influencing many functions including host energy absorption and metabolism, intestinal barrier integrity and immune function. To investigate the influence of rearing density on shrimp intestinal health, antioxidant responses and disease susceptibility, we simultaneously monitored the dynamic changes of intestinal bacteria and antioxidant enzymes activities in Litopenaeus vananmei under two different rearing densities (400 and 800 shrimp/m) and further investigated the difference in response to Vibrio paraheamolyticus E1 (VPE1) challenge. We showed that the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes and Firmicutes were the predominant microflora in all treatment groups.

The trypsin-like serine protease domain of Paralichthys olivaceus complement factor I regulates complement activation and inhibits bacterial growth.

In mammals, complement factor I (CFI) is a serine protease in serum and plays a pivotal role in the regulation of complement activation. In the presence of cofactor, CFI cleaves C3b to iC3b, and further degrades iC3b to C3c and C3d. In teleost, the function of CFI is poorly understood.

Characterization of Streptococcus iniae-induced microRNA profiles in Paralichthys olivaceus and identification of pol-3p-10740_175 as a regulator of antibacterial immune response.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in many biological activities including immune defense against pathogens. In this study, we applied high-throughput sequencing technology to examine miRNAs in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) infected with Streptococcus iniae at different times. A total of 1038 miRNAs were identified, of which, 249 were novel miRNAs, and 81 showed differential expression (named DEmiRNAs) after S.

A comparative transcriptomic analysis in late embryogenesis of the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus.

The red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) is an emerging and important commercial species in several countries, and is also a potential biological model in crustacean biology. However, its molecular embryonic development mechanism remains largely unknown because of a lack of genomic resources and systematic research. A comprehensive and integrated transcriptomic analysis is necessary to reveal the cell biological function, gene expression profiles, and embryo patterning that occur during embryogenesis.

Exploration of the influence of surface proteins on the probiotic activity of Lactobacillus pentosus HC-2 in the Litopenaeus vannamei midgut via label-free quantitative proteomic analysis.

Our previous work showed that using Lactobacillus pentosus HC-2 as a probiotic could improve the growth performance, immune response, gut bacterial diversity and disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei. However, the probiotic mechanism had not been fully characterized. In the present study, histology and proteomic analysis were performed to explore the influence of HC-2 surface protein on its probiotic effects on L.

Tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) interleukin 10 plays a negative role in the immune response against bacterial infection.

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine and plays a crucial role in immunity. In the current study, we examined the expression patterns and biological functions of tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis IL-10 (CsIL-10). CsIL-10 is composed of 186 amino acid residues and shares 46.

Global profiling and characterization of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) kidney microRNAs regulated by Edwardsiella tarda infection in a time-dependent fashion.

Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an important economic fish species farmed in China and other countries. It is susceptible to infection by Edwardsiella tarda, a severe fish pathogen with a broad host range. In this study, we employed high-throughput deep sequencing technology to identify, in a global scale, flounder kidney microRNAs (miRNAs) induced by E.

The effect of rearing density on immune responses of hepatopancreas and intestine in Litopenaeus vananmei against Vibrio paraheamolyticus E1 challenge.

Rearing density and disease management are considered as pivotal factors determining shrimp farm productivity and profitability. To systematically investigate the potential mechanisms for density-related differences between disease susceptibility and rearing densities, we conducted comparative transcriptome analysis of the molecular differences between hepatopancreas and intestine of Litopenaeus vannamei under two different rearing densities (800- and 400- shrimp/m) for 15 d and further analyzed the differences in immune response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus E1 (VPE1) raised under two density conditions. Totally 45 different expression genes (DEGs) were identified in the hepatopancreas under two different rearing densities, the DEGs were grouped into four processes or pathways related to animal immune system.

The influence of surface proteins on the probiotic effects of Lactobacillus pentosus HC-2 in the Litopenaeus vannamei hepatopancreas.

Our previous work showed that Lactobacillus pentosus HC-2 has high antibacterial and adhesion activity, and as a probiotic could improve the nutrients and immunomodulatory effects in the Litopenaeus vannamei farming. In order to further investigate the influence of HC-2 surface protein on its probiotic effects, the immune and digestion related genes expression and enzymes activities, the colonization numbers of HC-2, and the histologic characteristics were analysis in shrimp hepatopancreas after feeding either the intact surface proteins, the probiotic treated with lithium chloride (LiCl) to remove noncovalently bound surface proteins or no probiotic for four weeks. The results showed that the immune genes expression of lysozyme, proPO, LGBP, Penaeidins-3α, crustin and C-type lectin, the immune enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and Alkaline phosphatase, and the digestion enzymes of Trypsin, Lipase and α-Amylase were significantly higher in hepatopancreas of shrimp fed with intact HC-2 than that in shrimp fed with base diet or striped surface proteins HC-2 post feeding and challenge.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the different roles between hepatopancreas and intestine of Litopenaeus vannamei in immune response to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) challenge.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus contaminating food, feed ingredients and products of animal origin. In mammals, this toxin causes widespread organ-specific damage; it is immunotoxicity and could promote hepatotoxicity, alter intestinal functions and so on. In this study, we conducted transcriptome and histomorphology analyses of hepatopancreas and intestinal in Litopenaeus vannamei (L.

A preliminary attempt to explore the potential functions of a tetraspanin gene (MmTSPAN) in the innate immunity of hard clam Meretrix meretrix: Sequence features and expression profiles.

Tetraspanins belong to the transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF), and play crucial roles in immune responses. In the present study, a novel tetraspanin gene (designated MmTSPAN) was cloned and characterized from the hard clam Meretrix meretrix. The complete cDNA sequence of MmTSPAN contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 816 bp, which encoded a protein of 271 amino acids.

Exploring the influence of the surface proteins on probiotic effects performed by Lactobacillus pentosus HC-2 using transcriptome analysis in Litopenaeus vannamei midgut.

In order to understand the mediation function of surface proteins in probiotic effects executed by Lactobacillus pentosus HC-2 in midgut of Litopenaeus vannamei, the immune and digestion related enzymes and the transcriptome expression were analyzed after shrimp fed with normal HC-2 or with stripped surface proteins HC-2 by lithium chloride (LiCl) treatment. The results showed that the shrimp fed with normal HC-2 produced much higher immune and digestion related enzymes than the control group or LiCl-treated HC-2 group to defense the Vibrio parahaemolyticus E1 infection. We obtained total over 275,099 unigenes from L.

pol-miR-194a of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) suppresses type I interferon response and facilitates Edwardsiella tarda infection.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small non-coding RNAs that participate in diverse cellular processes including microbial invasion and immune defense. In a previous study, we identified a large amount of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) miRNAs responsive to megalocytivirus infection. In the present study, we examined the function of one of these miRNAs, pol-miR-194a, in association with the infectivity of Edwardsiella tarda, an intracellular bacterial pathogen to many fish species including flounder.

Understanding the roles of surface proteins in regulation of Lactobacillus pentosus HC-2 to immune response and bacterial diversity in midgut of Litopenaeus vannamei.

The interactions of microbiota in the intestines play an important role in promoting or maintaining the health of hosts. The present study aim to investigate the effects of the surface proteins of Lactobacillus pentosus HC-2 on the immune response and the bacterial composition of Litopenaeus vannamei, thus, the immune-related genes, surface condition, HC-2 numbers and the bacteria diversity in midgut were explored after shrimp feeding the normal HC-2 and 5 M -  lithium chloride (LiCl) treated HC-2 for four weeks. Obvious improvements in the intestinal surface were observed in R group than the control group and L group.

Comparative study of β-thymosin in two scallop species Argopecten irradians and Chlamys farreri.

The β-thymosin (Tβ) proteins participate in numerous biological processes, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial mechanism. To date, Tβ proteins have been well studied in vertebrates, especially mammals. While limited Tβ or Tβ-like proteins have been reported in invertebrates.