4,672 results match your criteria: "CA J.M.; and Stanford University[Affiliation]"
Long-read sequencing of an advanced cancer cohort resolves rearrangements, unravels haplotypes, and reveals methylation landscapes.
Cell Genom
November 2024
Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The Long-Read Personalized OncoGenomics (POG) dataset features 189 patient tumors and 41 matched normal samples, sequenced with Oxford Nanopore Technologies, providing a comprehensive resource for cancer research.
- It highlights the advantages of long-read sequencing in identifying complex structural variants, viral integrations, and specific DNA behaviors, such as prominent methylation patterns associated with various cancers.
- The findings underscore the potential of this dataset in precision medicine, serving as a tool for advancing analytical techniques in cancer genomics.
Patient-Specific Myocardial Infarction Risk Thresholds From AI-Enabled Coronary Plaque Analysis.
Circ Cardiovasc Imaging
October 2024
Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (R.J.J.M., N.M., A.L., A.S., C.P., A.K., P.M., A.R., K.G., A.C.K., D.H., K.K., G.F.T., J.G., H.G., S.C., D.S.B., P.J.S., D.D.).
Article Synopsis
- Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is used to evaluate cardiovascular risk by quantifying coronary plaque, and deep learning technology helps automate this process.
- A study involving 2803 patients analyzed how age and sex affect coronary plaque volume and its relation to the risk of myocardial infarction, showing that plaque volume increases with age and is typically higher in men.
- Patients with coronary plaque in the ≥75th percentile were found to have a significantly higher risk of myocardial infarction compared to those below the 50th percentile, suggesting that deep learning-based plaque measurements can effectively predict cardiac events.
Physical Activity during Adolescence and Early Adulthood and Breast Cancer Risk before Age 40 Years.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
January 2025
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the relationship between recreational physical activity (RPA) in adolescence and early adulthood and breast cancer (BC) risk in women under 40 years old, using data from a large international family cohort.
- Results indicate that higher levels of RPA are linked to reduced BC risk, with a 12% lower risk during adolescence and a 16% lower risk during early adulthood for women in the highest activity quartiles.
- The findings suggest that encouraging more physical activity in young women could be a crucial strategy for lowering the increasing incidence of breast cancer in this age group.
Optical Spectroscopic Detection and Typing of Cardiac Amyloidosis.
Circulation
October 2024
Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology (S.S.M., M.P.C., A.M., R.B.), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana.
Enhancing cognitive performance prediction by white matter hyperintensity connectivity assessment.
Brain
December 2024
Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251Germany.
Article Synopsis
- White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are linked to cognitive impairment but solely measuring their volume doesn't fully explain the cognitive deficits.
- Lesion network mapping (LNM) offers a new way to assess how WMH connects with brain networks, potentially improving our understanding of their impact on cognition.
- In a study of 3,485 patients, LNM scores outperformed WMH volumes in predicting cognitive performance, especially in attention, processing speed, and verbal memory, but not for language functions.
Feasibility of an environmental scan-based approach to collecting information about factors impacting cancer genetics services in Latin American countries.
J Community Genet
December 2024
Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Objective: Clinical cancer genetics services are expanding globally, but national policy and health care systems influence availability and implementation. Understanding the environmental factors within a country is required to appropriately implement, adapt, and evaluate cancer genetics service delivery models. An environmental scan (ES) is an approach used in business, public health, health care and other sectors to collect information about an environment or system for strategic decision making and program planning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModulation of neural oscillations in escitalopram treatment: a Canadian biomarker integration network in depression study.
Transl Psychiatry
October 2024
eBrain Lab, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- Current antidepressants show limited effectiveness, prompting research to identify biological targets for new treatments and understand their mechanisms.
- The study utilized EEG data from two Canadian trials to examine how changes in brain wave patterns (neural oscillations) correlate with symptom improvement in patients undergoing pharmacological and CBT treatments.
- Findings indicate that early increases in theta waves and late changes in delta and alpha waves are linked to better treatment outcomes, with common patterns observed in both treatment methods, enhancing our understanding of how depression treatments work.
End of Life in Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Unrecognized Opportunity for Better Care.
Neurology
November 2024
From the Department of Neurology (J.M.J.), Stanford University, CA; and Department of Neurology (D.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland.
Assessment of psychological resilience in a large cohort of the general population: Validation and norm values of the RS-5.
PLoS One
October 2024
Department of Cardiology-Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- - The study evaluated the Resilience Scale-5 (RS-5) for measuring psychological resilience, which is important for mental health, using data from nearly 7,500 participants aged 25 to 86 over five years.
- - Results showed that the RS-5 has strong reliability and validity, with an average resilience score of 28.94; older participants (≥75) scored the highest, and resilience was linked to factors like gender, age, education, and income.
- - The RS-5 is presented as an effective tool for measuring resilience in different demographics, providing updated norms specific to the German population to better understand how various factors influence resilience levels.
Effect of Quadriceps Tendon Autograft Preparation and Fixation on Graft Laxity During Suspensory Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Biomechanical Analysis.
Orthop J Sports Med
October 2024
Department of Orthopedic Research, Arthrex, Inc, Naples, Florida, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Advances in using quadriceps tendon autografts for ACL reconstruction have increased interest due to their favorable collagen properties, but the biomechanics of different fixation techniques remain unclear.
- This study aimed to compare the biomechanics of various suspensory techniques for securing soft tissue QT autografts in an ACL reconstruction model.
- Results showed that the tape-reinforced (TR) group had significantly better performance, with less tension loss and cyclic elongation than other techniques, while all techniques maintained stiffness and ultimate load capabilities above typical ACL limits.
Fasting is required for many of the benefits of calorie restriction in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
bioRxiv
September 2024
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Caloric restriction (CR) is a widely recognized geroprotective intervention that slows or prevents Alzheimer's disease (AD) in animal models. CR is typically implemented via feeding mice a single meal per day; as CR mice rapidly consume their food, they are subject to a prolonged fast between meals. While CR has been shown to improve metabolic and cognitive functions and suppress pathological markers in AD mouse models, the specific contributions of fasting versus calorie reduction remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCTLA4 blockade abrogates KEAP1/STK11-related resistance to PD-(L)1 inhibitors.
Nature
November 2024
Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Dual immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using CTLA4 and PD-(L)1 inhibitors shows improved anti-tumor effectiveness and immune toxicity compared to PD-(L)1 inhibitors alone in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
- Patients with mutations in STK11 and/or KEAP1 genes benefit more from the combination treatment compared to those receiving only PD-(L)1 inhibitors, as shown in the POSEIDON trial.
- The loss of KEAP1 serves as a strong predictor for the success of dual ICB, as it leads to a more favorable outcome by changing the tumor's immune environment to better engage CD4 and CD8 T cells for anti-tumor activity. *
The interplay of mutagenesis and ecDNA shapes urothelial cancer evolution.
Nature
November 2024
Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Advanced urothelial cancer displays significant genetic diversity and involves complex interactions between internal and external mutagens, which contributes to its deadly nature.
- The study revealed that APOBEC3-induced mutations occur early during tumor development, while chemotherapy leads to a surge of later mutations, with both processes affecting the structure of extrachromosomal DNA.
- Findings emphasized the role of circular ecDNA in the development of treatment resistance, specifically through CCND1 amplifications, highlighting key mechanisms that can inform future cancer therapies.
Progress in developing and operationalizing the Monitoring Framework of the Global Biodiversity Framework.
Nat Ecol Evol
December 2024
Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework was created after global biodiversity declines were not halted by 2020, aiming for societies to live in harmony with nature by 2050.
- It includes mechanisms for transparency and responsibility, featuring a detailed Monitoring Framework with indicators to track progress at both national and global levels.
- While many indicators are ready for use, challenges like data availability and methodology require investment and collaboration between Parties and the scientific community to improve biodiversity measurement and action.
CYpHER: catalytic extracellular targeted protein degradation with high potency and durable effect.
Nat Commun
October 2024
Cyclera Therapeutics Inc, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - TPD can effectively eliminate disease-causing proteins by engaging a cell’s protein degradation system, overcoming limitations of traditional inhibitors that typically target only one mechanism.
- - The CYpHER technology utilizes a pH-dependent release system and a rapidly cycling transferrin receptor to enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents to surface and extracellular targets, increasing treatment potency while potentially reducing side effects.
- - Successful application of CYpHER was demonstrated both in laboratory settings (in vitro) with specific cancer markers (EGFR and PD-L1) and in animal studies (in vivo) using a model of lung cancer driven by EGFR.
A potent pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing antibody resilient to epitope diversification.
Cell
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - SARS-CoV-2 has evolved to evade current monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), emphasizing the need for more resilient treatments that can neutralize various viral strains.
- - A new human mAb called VIR-7229 has shown the ability to effectively neutralize multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 and other related viruses, due to its unique targeting of a critical viral region known as the receptor-binding motif (RBM).
- - VIR-7229 demonstrates a high resistance to the emergence of virus escape mutants, making it a promising candidate for future therapies against evolving coronaviruses.
Histone modifications of circulating nucleosomes are associated with changes in cell-free DNA fragmentation patterns.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
October 2024
Centre for Novostics, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on analyzing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) to determine its tissue origin, which is important for research and diagnostics, utilizing a new technique called FRAGHA that looks at fragmentation patterns linked to histone modifications.
- The research demonstrated strong correlations between specific histone modification signals, such as H3K27ac, and various medical conditions, including fetal DNA presence in maternal plasma and liver cancer detection.
- Machine learning algorithms were employed to improve early detection of liver cancer, showcasing how cfDNA fragmentomics can enhance the effectiveness of liquid biopsies in clinical settings.
Protrieve Sheath embolic protection during venous thrombectomy: early experience in seventeen patients.
CVIR Endovasc
October 2024
Department of Radiology, Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
Purpose: The Protrieve Sheath (Inari Medical; Irvine, CA) is designed for embolic protection during venous thrombectomy. This report describes experience with its use.
Materials And Methods: Between November 2022 and December 2023 (13 months), seventeen patients, including nine (52.
Rare variant analyses in 51,256 type 2 diabetes cases and 370,487 controls reveal the pathogenicity spectrum of monogenic diabetes genes.
Nat Genet
November 2024
Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Type 2 diabetes (T2D) genome-wide association studies (GWASs) typically miss rare genetic variants due to limitations in previous imputation methods and insufficient whole-genome sequencing data.
- In a large-scale study involving over half a million individuals, researchers uncovered 12 new genetic variants linked to T2D, including a rare enhancer variant near the LEP gene that significantly increases risk.
- The study also analyzed ClinVar variants related to monogenic diabetes, identifying additional rare variants that affect T2D risk and offering new insights into the pathogenicity of certain variants previously deemed uncertain.
Cryptosporidium PI(4)K inhibitor EDI048 is a gut-restricted parasiticidal agent to treat paediatric enteric cryptosporidiosis.
Nat Microbiol
November 2024
Global Health, Biomedical Research, Novartis, Emeryville, CA, USA.
Diarrhoeal disease caused by Cryptosporidium is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young and malnourished children from low- and middle-income countries, with no vaccine or effective treatment. Here we describe the discovery of EDI048, a Cryptosporidium PI(4)K inhibitor, designed to be active at the infection site in the gastrointestinal tract and undergo rapid metabolism in the liver. By using mutational analysis and crystal structure, we show that EDI048 binds to highly conserved amino acid residues in the ATP-binding site.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMorphological Features Among Gaussian, Sagittal, and Tangential Curvature Maps in Normal and Keratoconus Eyes Using AS-OCT.
Eye Contact Lens
October 2024
Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis (V.G., C.A.H., A.T.), Floridablanca, Colombia; Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander FOSCAL (V.G., A.T.), Floridablanca, Colombia; Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB (V.G., N.C., J.M.G., A.T.), Bucaramanga, Colombia; Universidad Industrial de Santander UIS (A.T.), Bucaramanga, Colombia; and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (M.S.), Bogotá, Colombia.
The QIBA Profile for Diffusion-Weighted MRI: Apparent Diffusion Coefficient as a Quantitative Imaging Biomarker.
Radiology
October 2024
From the Center for Research and Innovation, American College of Radiology, 50 S 16th St, Philadelphia, PA 19102 (M.A.B.); Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich (D.M., T.L.C.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash (S.P.); Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.); Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (A.S.D.); The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (J.M.W., N.M.d.S.); The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK (J.M.W., N.M.d.S.); Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.D.F.); CaliberMRI, Boulder, Colo (K.M.); Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala (V.M.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (M.O., L.J.W.); Aim Medical Imaging, Vancouver, Canada (R.A.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (T.A.); and Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (D.J.M.).
Article Synopsis
- The Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) measures how water moves in tissues, helping doctors see changes caused by diseases or treatments.
- The QIBA has made progress on using ADC measurements in different body parts like the brain, liver, prostate, and breast, by creating guidelines for their use.
- The report explains the right amounts of change in ADC values that indicate real differences in tissue, helping doctors track patients’ health more accurately.
Enhancing Radiologist Reading Performance by Ordering Screening Mammograms Based on Characteristics That Promote Visual Adaptation.
Radiology
October 2024
From the Departments of Medical Imaging (J.J.J.G., S.D.V., I.S.) and IQ Health (M.J.M.B.), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (K.M.D.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, Den Haag, the Netherlands (J.K.v.R.); Department of Radiology, Gelre Hospitals, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands (A.F.v.R.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands (J.B.H.); Department of Radiology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, the Netherlands (D.B.N.); Department of Radiology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (L.E.M.D.); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, Calif (C.K.A.); Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nev (M.A.W.); Dutch Expert Centre for Screening, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (M.J.M.B., I.S.); and Technical Medicine Center, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands (I.S.).
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to see if the order in which mammograms are read, based on their characteristics, could help radiologists spot abnormalities more efficiently, particularly focusing on factors like breast density and visual adaptation.
- A total of 150 mammograms were analyzed by 13 radiologists using three reading methods: random order, increasing volumetric breast density (VBD), and self-supervised learning (SSL) grouping.
- Results indicated that readings organized by increasing VBD led to slightly better performance and reduced reading time compared to random order, without affecting sensitivity and specificity significantly.
Disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson disease: lessons from multiple sclerosis.
Nat Rev Neurol
December 2024
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- * Recently, there have been great breakthroughs for MS, with new medications being approved, but people with PD still have not gotten new treatments and only have old ones that don't work as well.
- * Experts from around the world gathered in Toronto to discuss how to improve treatment for PD by learning from what worked for MS, focusing on things like better clinical trials and understanding the diseases better.
Background: Ketone bodies are metabolites produced during fasting or on a ketogenic diet that have pleiotropic effects on the inflammatory and metabolic aging pathways underpinning frailty in models. Ketone esters (KEs) are compounds that induce hyperketonemia without dietary changes and that may impact physical and cognitive function in young adults. The functional effects of KEs have not been studied in older adults.
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