The statistical building blocks of animal movement simulations.

Animal movement plays a key role in many ecological processes and has a direct influence on an individual's fitness at several scales of analysis (i.e., next-step, subdiel, day-by-day, seasonal).

An open-source data storage and visualization platform for collaborative qubit control.

Developing collaborative research platforms for quantum bit control is crucial for driving innovation in the field, as they enable the exchange of ideas, data, and implementation to achieve more impactful outcomes. Furthermore, considering the high costs associated with quantum experimental setups, collaborative environments are vital for maximizing resource utilization efficiently. However, the lack of dedicated data management platforms presents a significant obstacle to progress, highlighting the necessity for essential assistive tools tailored for this purpose.

Microclimatic drivers of winter bat activity in coast redwood forests.

Bats are among the least well-known mammals, particularly in terms of their behavior and activity patterns during the winter. Here, we use passive acoustic monitoring to overcome some of the challenges inherent in surveying cryptic forest bats during the wet season to quantify overwintering behavior for 11 species in California coast redwood forests under varying microclimates. Because different species are active at different forest heights, we also examined the effect of acoustic detector placement (treetop or ground level).

Calibration of additional computational tools expands ClinGen recommendation options for variant classification with PP3/BP4 criteria.

Purpose: We previously developed an approach to calibrate computational tools for clinical variant classification, updating recommendations for the reliable use of variant impact predictors to provide evidence strength up to . A new generation of tools using distinctive approaches have since been released, and these methods must be independently calibrated for clinical application.

Method: Using our local posterior probability-based calibration and our established data set of ClinVar pathogenic and benign variants, we determined the strength of evidence provided by three new tools (AlphaMissense, ESM1b, VARITY) and calibrated scores meeting each evidence strength.

Truncated Complement Factor H Y402 Gene Therapy Cures C3 Glomerulonephritis.

Patients with both age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and C3 glomerulonephritis (C3G) are challenged by the absence of effective therapies to reverse and eliminate their disease burden. Capitalizing on complement dysregulation as both a significant risk factor for AMD and the known pathophysiology of C3G, we investigated the potential for adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivery of complement factor H (CFH) to rescue C3G in a -/- mouse model of C3G. While past efforts to treat C3G using exogenous human CFH resulted in limited success before immune rejection led to a foreign protein response, our findings demonstrate the capacity for long-term AAV-mediated delivery of truncated CFH (tCFH) to restore inhibition of the alternative pathway of complement and ultimately reverse C3G without immune rejection.

Cell differentiation controls iron assimilation in a choanoflagellate.

Marine microeukaryotes have evolved diverse cellular features that link their life histories to surrounding environments. How those dynamic life histories intersect with the ecological functions of microeukaryotes remains a frontier to understand their roles in essential biogeochemical cycles. Choanoflagellates, phagotrophs that cycle nutrients through filter feeding, provide models to explore this intersection, for many choanoflagellate species transition between life history stages by differentiating into distinct cell types.

Engineering novel adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) for improved delivery in the nervous system.

Harnessing adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors for therapeutic gene delivery has emerged as a progressively promising strategy to treat disorders of both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), and there are many ongoing clinical trials. However, unique physiological and molecular characteristics of the CNS and PNS pose obstacles to efficient vector delivery, ranging from the blood-brain barrier to the diverse nature of nervous system disorders. Engineering novel AAV capsids may help overcome these ongoing challenges and maximize therapeutic transgene delivery.

The matrix pencil as a tunable filter.

Despite inherent sensitivity constraints, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) plays an indispensable role in probing molecular structures and dynamics across scientific disciplines. Remarkably, while extensive efforts have targeted instrumental and experimental sensitivity improvements, comparatively little focus has been dedicated to sensitivity enhancement through signal analysis. Amidst this present gap, the matrix pencil method (MPM) has emerged as a versatile algorithm that offers tunable filtering and phasing capabilities.

Novel Administration Routes, Delivery Vectors, and Application of Vaccines Based on Biotechnologies: A Review.

Traditional vaccines can be classified into inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, and subunit vaccines given orally or via intramuscular (IM) injection or subcutaneous (SC) injection for the prevention of infectious diseases. Recently, recombinant protein vaccines, DNA vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and multiple/alternative administering route vaccines (e.g.

Monolithic Polyepoxide Membranes for Nanofiltration Applications and Sustainable Membrane Manufacture.

The present work details the development of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy membranes with excellent rejection of small-molecule dyes. It is a proof-of-concept for a more sustainable membrane design incorporating carbon fibers, and their recycling and reuse. 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine) (MBCHA) polymerized with either bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether (BADGE) or tetraphenolethane tetraglycidylether (EPON Resin 1031) in polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used to make monolithic membranes reinforced by nonwoven carbon fibers.

Voxel-Based Lesion Analysis of Ideomotor Apraxia.

Ideomotor apraxia is a cognitive disorder most often resulting from acquired brain lesions (i.e., strokes or tumors).

The Influence of Gentrification on Adverse Birth Outcomes in California.

Evidence has documented the effects of place on perinatal outcomes, but less is known about the sociopolitical mechanisms, such as gentrification, that shape neighborhood context and produce spatialized inequities in adverse birth outcomes. Leveraging a diverse sample in California, we assessed the associations between gentrification and birth outcomes: preterm birth, small-for-gestational-age, and low birth weight. Gentrification was measured using the Freeman method and the Displacement and Gentrification Typology.

Disparities in child protective services involvement in pediatric traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of pediatric death and disability. Abusive head trauma confers greater morbidity and mortality compared with accidental TBI. National trends reveal disproportionate involvement of minority children in the child welfare system.

Exploring the influence of cell configurations on Cu catalyst reconstruction during CO electroreduction.

Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) cells incorporating Cu catalysts are effective for generating C chemicals via the CO reduction reaction (CORR). However, the impact of MEA configuration on the inevitable reconstruction of Cu catalysts during CORR remains underexplored, despite its considerable potential to affect CORR efficacy. Herein, we demonstrate that MEA cells prompt a unique reconstruction of Cu, in contrast to H-type cells, which subsequently influences CORR outcomes.

Modeling the progression of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease with PET-based Braak staging.

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) correlate with tau deposition in the brain. Here, we investigated the association of PET-based Braak stages with NPS and assessed whether they predict annual changes in NPS. We evaluated 231 individuals in the aging and AD continuum.

Solar transpiration-powered lithium extraction and storage.

Lithium mining is energy intensive and environmentally costly. This is because lithium ions are typically present in brines as a minor component mixed with physiochemically similar cations that are difficult to separate. Inspired by nature's ability to selectively extract species in transpiration, we report a solar transpiration-powered lithium extraction and storage (STLES) device that can extract and store lithium from brines using natural sunlight.

Theoretical investigation of decoherence channels in athermal phonon sensors.

The creation and evolution of nonequilibrium phonons is central in applications ranging from cosmological particle searches to decoherence processes in qubits. However, the fundamental understanding of decoherence pathways for athermal phonon distributions in solid-state systems remains an open question. Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the primary decay channels of athermal phonons in two technologically relevant semiconductors-Si and GaAs.

Inorganic interpretation of luminescent materials encountered by the Perseverance rover on Mars.

A major objective of the Mars 2020 mission is to sample rocks in Jezero crater that may preserve organic matter for later return to Earth. Using an ultraviolet Raman and luminescence spectrometer, the Perseverance rover detected luminescence signals with maximal intensities at 330 to 350 nanometers and 270 to 290 nanometers that were initially reported as consistent with organics. Here, we test the alternative hypothesis that the 330- to 350-nanometer and 270- to 290-nanometer luminescence signals trace Ce in phosphate and silicate defects, respectively.

Mechanisms in the Synthesis of S-Alcohols with 1,4-NADH Biomimetic Co-factor N-Benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide using Horse Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase: A Hybrid Computational Study.

The enantioselective reduction of prochiral ketones catalyzed by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH), was investigated via a hybrid computational approach, for molecular reactions involved in chiral synthesis of S-alcohols, when the natural co-factor, 1,4-dihyronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, 1,4-NADH, was replaced with biomimetic co-factor, N-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide, 1. We surmised that different hydride and proton transfer mechanisms were involved using co-factor, 1. An alternative mechanism, where the hydride transfer step occurred, via an η-keto-S-η-5,6-1,4-dihydronicotinamide-Zn(II) complex, was previously investigated with a model of the HLADH-Zn(II) catalytic site (J.

Asymmetric gas diffusion layers for improved water management in PGM-free electrodes.

Proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) offer a long-term, carbon-emission free solution to the energy needs of the transportation sector. However, high cost continues to limit PEMFC commercialization. Replacing expensive platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts with PGM-free catalysts could reduce cost, but the low active site density of PGM-free catalysts necessitates the use of thick electrodes that suffer from substantial mass transport losses.

Optimized expansion microscopy reveals species-specific spindle microtubule organization in egg extracts.

The spindle is a key structure in cell division as it orchestrates the accurate segregation of genetic material. While its assembly and function are well-studied, the mechanisms regulating spindle architecture remain elusive. In this study, we investigate the differences in spindle organization between and , leveraging expansion microscopy (ExM) to overcome the limitations of conventional imaging techniques.