The association of state policies and opioid analgesic amount dispensed from retail pharmacies.

Importance: States have implemented multiple policies likely to influence opioid prescribing; few national general population studies examine those policies' effects on per-capita opioid morphine milligram equivalents (MME) dispensed.

Objective: To examine state policies' effects on opioids per-capita MMEs dispensed at retail pharmacies.

Design: A longitudinal study of associations between MME per capita and implementation of policy interventions at different times across states.

Development and Evaluation of a Food Choices Assessment Score (FCAS) Measuring the Healthfulness of Dietary Choices According to 2019 Canada's Food Guide/Canada's Dietary Guidelines, using the Canadian Health Measures Survey Food Frequency Questionnaire.

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a Food Choices Assessment Score (FCAS) measuring alignment with 2019 Canada's Food Guide (CFG) and Canada's Dietary Guidelines (CDG) using a non-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data. Cross-sectional data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) (2016 to 2019), including 6,459 participants (≥19 years) and a non-quantitative FFQ (~100 food items) were used. Content and construct validity and assessing reliability were used to evaluate the FCAS, including a comparison of mean FCAS among Canadian subgroups, calculating the FCAS for high quality diet menus, investigating the consistency of the FCAS with the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), as a healthy diet linked with lower cardiometabolic risks, and estimating Cronbach's alpha for reliability.

Motion-Compensated Multishot Pancreatic Diffusion-Weighted Imaging With Deep Learning-Based Denoising.

Objectives: Pancreatic diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has numerous clinical applications, but conventional single-shot methods suffer from off resonance-induced artifacts like distortion and blurring while cardiovascular motion-induced phase inconsistency leads to quantitative errors and signal loss, limiting its utility. Multishot DWI (msDWI) offers reduced image distortion and blurring relative to single-shot methods but increases sensitivity to motion artifacts. Motion-compensated diffusion-encoding gradients (MCGs) reduce motion artifacts and could improve motion robustness of msDWI but come with the cost of extended echo time, further reducing signal.

Composition and functional diversity of soil and water microbial communities in the rice-crab symbiosis system.

Rice-crab co-culture is an environmentally friendly agricultural and aquaculture technology with high economic and ecological value. In order to clarify the structure and function of soil and water microbial communities in the rice-crab symbiosis system, the standard rice-crab field with a ring groove was used as the research object. High-throughput sequencing was performed with rice field water samples to analyze the species and abundance differences of soil bacteria and fungi.

Outcomes of Triceps Surae Lengthening Surgery in Children With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease: A Multisite Investigation.

Background: Orthopaedic surgical intervention in children with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) often includes triceps surae lengthening (TSL) and foot procedures to address instability and pain due to equinus and cavovarus deformities. These surgeries may unmask underlying weakness in this progressive disease causing increased calcaneal pitch and excessive dorsiflexion in terminal stance leading to crouch. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in ankle function during gait following TSL surgery in children with CMT.

Separation and recycling of hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant mixtures with fluoropolymer-coated hollow fiber membranes.

Many hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants used in air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment are being phased out based on international restrictions to reduce global warming. Over 1 billion kilograms of hydrofluorocarbons are in use, and recycling is imperative to preventing the release of these greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. We report on composite hollow fiber membranes that can efficiently separate a mixture of difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane that is used worldwide in air conditioners.

A metagenomic perspective on the microbial prokaryotic genome census.

Following 30 years of sequencing, we assessed the phylogenetic diversity (PD) of >1.5 million microbial genomes in public databases, including metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of uncultivated microbes. As compared to the vast diversity uncovered by metagenomic sequences, cultivated taxa account for a modest portion of the overall diversity, 9.

Morphogenesis of bacterial cables in polymeric environments.

Many bacteria live in polymeric fluids, such as mucus, environmental polysaccharides, and extracellular polymers in biofilms. However, laboratory studies typically focus on cells in polymer-free fluids. Here, we show that interactions with polymers shape a fundamental feature of bacterial life-how they proliferate in space in multicellular colonies.

Activation of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons rapidly drives homeostatic sleep pressure.

Homeostatic sleep regulation is essential for optimizing the amount and timing of sleep for its revitalizing function, but the mechanism underlying sleep homeostasis remains poorly understood. Here, we show that optogenetic activation of locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons immediately increased sleep propensity following a transient wakefulness, contrasting with many other arousal-promoting neurons whose activation induces sustained wakefulness. Fiber photometry showed that repeated optogenetic or sensory stimulation caused a rapid reduction of calcium activity in LC neurons and steep declines in noradrenaline/norepinephrine (NE) release in both the LC and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).

Viroporin activity is necessary for intercellular calcium signals that contribute to viral pathogenesis.

Viruses engage in a variety of processes to subvert host defenses and create an environment amenable to replication. Here, using rotavirus as a prototype, we show that calcium conductance out of the endoplasmic reticulum by the virus encoded ion channel, , induces intercellular calcium waves that extend beyond the infected cell and contribute to pathogenesis. Viruses that lack the ability to induce this signaling show diminished viral shedding and attenuated disease in a mouse model of rotavirus diarrhea.

Anti-immune complex antibodies are elicited during repeated immunization with HIV Env immunogens.

Vaccination strategies against HIV-1 aim to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) using prime-boost regimens with HIV envelope (Env) immunogens. Epitope mapping has shown that early antibody responses are directed to easily accessible nonneutralizing epitopes on Env instead of bnAb epitopes. Autologously neutralizing antibody responses appear upon boosting, once immunodominant epitopes are saturated.

Conformity to continuous and discrete ordered traits.

Models of conformity and anticonformity have typically focused on cultural traits with unordered variants, such as baby names, strategies (cooperate/defect), or the presence/absence of an innovation. There have been fewer studies of conformity to cultural traits with ordered variants, such as level of cooperation (low, medium, high) or proportion of time spent on a task (0% to 100%). In these studies of ordered cultural traits, conformity is defined as a preference for the mean trait value in a population even if no members of the population have variants near this mean; e.

Stimulating the regenerative capacity of the human retina with proneural transcription factors in 3D cultures.

Retinal diseases often lead to degeneration of specific retinal cell types with currently limited therapeutic options to replace the lost neurons. Previous studies have reported that overexpression of or combinations of proneural factors in Müller glia (MG) induce regeneration of functional neurons in the adult mouse retina. Recently, we applied the same strategy in dissociated cultures of fetal human MG and although we stimulated neurogenesis from MG, our effect in 2D cultures was modest and our analysis of newborn neurons was limited.

Action potential-independent spontaneous microdomain Ca transients-mediated continuous neurotransmission regulates hyperalgesia.

Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators can be released via either action potential (AP)-evoked transient or AP-independent continuous neurotransmission. The elevated AP-evoked neurotransmission in the primary sensory neurons plays crucial roles in hyperalgesia. However, whether and how the AP-independent continuous neurotransmission contributes to hyperalgesia remains largely unknown.

Plant BCL-DOMAIN HOMOLOG proteins play a conserved role in SWI/SNF complex stability.

The SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermenting (SWI/SNF) complexes are evolutionarily conserved, ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers crucial for multiple nuclear functions in eukaryotes. Recently, plant BCL-DOMAIN HOMOLOG (BDH) proteins were identified as shared subunits of all plant SWI/SNF complexes, significantly impacting chromatin accessibility and various developmental processes in Arabidopsis. In this study, we performed a comprehensive characterization of mutants, revealing the role of BDH in hypocotyl cell elongation.

Protocol for cell image-based spatiotemporal proteomics in budding yeast.

The eukaryotic cell division cycle is a highly conserved process, featuring fluctuations in protein localization and abundance required for key cell cycle transitions. Here, we present a protocol for the spatiotemporal analysis of the proteome during the budding yeast cell division cycle using live-cell imaging. We describe steps for strain construction, cell cultivation, microscopy, and image analysis.

Single cell approaches define neural stem cell niches and identify microglial ligands that can enhance precursor-mediated oligodendrogenesis.

Here, we used single cell RNA sequencing and single cell spatial transcriptomics to characterize the forebrain neural stem cell (NSC) niche under homeostatic and injury conditions. We defined the dorsal and lateral ventricular-subventricular zones (V-SVZs) as two distinct neighborhoods and showed that, after white matter injury, NSCs are activated to make oligodendrocytes dorsally for remyelination. This activation is coincident with an increase in transcriptionally distinct microglia in the dorsal V-SVZ niche.

Association of -607C/A (rs1946518) and -137G/C (rs187238) polymorphisms and immune response in radiation-exposed workers.

Purpose: Interleukin-18, transforming growth factor-β, and superoxide dismutase are important cytokines and antioxidants in protecting the body from damage caused by radiation exposure through an immune response mechanism. Genetic polymorphisms -607 C/A and -137 G/C are thought to affect the IL-18 cytokine in carrying out its function as a biomarker to indicate adverse conditions due to radiation. The purposes of this study were to investigate the association between 607 C/A and -137 G/C SNPs on the concentrations of IL-18, and to measure TGF-β and SOD activity in radiation workers and control group.

Self- and Observer Reports of Personality.

People's personality trait levels are often assessed by obtaining self-reports or observer (informant) reports on questionnaires (inventories). When the target person is closely acquainted with the observer-as in the case of spouses, close relatives, or close friends-several findings are obtained for full-length measures of the Big Five (Five-Factor Model) or HEXACO personality factors. First, mean scores tend to be comparable between self-reports and observer reports, although Openness to Experience tends to be higher in self-reports than in observer reports.

Thought-Feeling Accuracy in Person Perception and Metaperception: An Integrative Perspective.

People often want to know what their interaction partners are thinking. How accurate are they, what information do they use, what predicts how accurate they will be, and does accuracy matter? We organize our review of thought-feeling accuracy, defined as the accuracy of individuals' judgments about the content of another person's thoughts and feelings in live interaction, around these questions. At the same time, we argue that often people are especially interested in what others are thinking about them, such that research on the accuracy of individuals' metaperceptions regarding others' views of them is highly relevant to understanding thought-feeling accuracy more broadly construed.

Sudden Cardiac Arrest Associated with Hemodialysis: A Community-Based Study.

Background: Individuals with end-stage renal disease may be at increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) associated with dialysis therapy. However, community-based studies with comprehensive adjudication of SCA are lacking.

Methods: We conducted a community-based study using a case-case study design in a US population of ≈1 million.

Addition of continuous glucose monitoring to glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus - An economic evaluation.

Background: Both glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have been shown to improve glycated hemoglobin A1c (A1c) levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, a US real-world study found statistically significant improvements in A1c levels among patients using GLP-1 RA and a CGM device, compared with a matched cohort receiving only GLP-1 RA.

Objectives: To assess the cost-effectiveness from a US payer perspective of initiating CGM (FreeStyle Libre Systems) in people living with T2DM using a GLP-1 RA therapy, compared with GLP-1 RA alone.

Drivers of Palliative Care and Hospice Use Among Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Despite rigorous evidence of improved quality of life and longer survival, disparities in the utilization of palliative and hospice care persist for racial and ethnic minority patients with cancer. This study evaluated the impact of psychosocial factors on utilization of these services.

Methods: Patients with advanced lung cancer were recruited at a large academic urban hospital.

Antimicrobial use before and during COVID-19: data from 108 Veterans Affairs medical centers.

Objective: Inpatient antibiotic use increased during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to determine whether these changes persisted in persons with and without COVID-19 infection.

Design: Retrospective cohort analysis.

Zeatin Elicits Premature Erythrocyte Senescence Through Calcium and Oxidative Stress Mediated by the NOS/PKC/CK1α Signaling Axis.

Cytokinins are plant hormones that regulate cell growth and differentiation. In particular, zeatin (ZTN) delays cellular senescence of human fibroblasts and keratinocytes and exhibits anticancer activity. Chemotherapy-induced anemia is a major side effect of anticancer therapy secondary to premature senescence of red blood cells (RBCs).