Genetic ancestry concordant RNA splicing in prostate cancer involves oncogenic genes and associates with recurrence.

Black men suffer disproportionately from prostate cancer (PCa) compared to men of other races and ethnicities. Comparing the molecular landscape of PCa among Black and White patients has the potential to identify targets for development of new precision medicine interventions. Herein, we conducted transcriptomic analysis of prostate tumors and paired tumor-adjacent normals from self-reported Black and White PCa patients and estimated patient genetic ancestry.

Engineering synthetic signaling receptors to enable erythropoietin-free erythropoiesis.

Blood transfusion plays a vital role in modern medicine, but frequent shortages occur. Ex vivo manufacturing of red blood cells (RBCs) from universal donor cells offers a potential solution, yet the high cost of recombinant cytokines remains a barrier. Erythropoietin (EPO) signaling is crucial for RBC development, and EPO is among the most expensive media components.

Molecular and pharmacological heterogeneity of ETV6::RUNX1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

ETV6::RUNX1 is the most common fusion gene in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) associated with favorable prognosis, but the optimal therapy for this subtype remains unclear. Profiling the genomic and pharmacological landscape of 194 pediatric ETV6::RUNX1 ALL cases, we uncover two transcriptomic clusters, C1 (61%) and C2 (39%). Compared to C1, the C2 subtype features higher white blood cell counts and younger age at diagnosis, as well as better early treatment responses.

Time-resolved Brownian tomography of single nanocrystals in liquid during oxidative etching.

Colloidal nanocrystals inherently undergo structural changes during chemical reactions. The robust structure-property relationships, originating from their nanoscale dimensions, underscore the significance of comprehending the dynamic structural behavior of nanocrystals in reactive chemical media. Moreover, the complexity and heterogeneity inherent in their atomic structures require tracking of structural transitions in individual nanocrystals at three-dimensional (3D) atomic resolution.

Categorization of 34 computational methods to detect spatially variable genes from spatially resolved transcriptomics data.

In the analysis of spatially resolved transcriptomics data, detecting spatially variable genes (SVGs) is crucial. Numerous computational methods exist, but varying SVG definitions and methodologies lead to incomparable results. We review 34 state-of-the-art methods, classifying SVGs into three categories: overall, cell-type-specific, and spatial-domain-marker SVGs.

ProCUSNet: Prostate Cancer Detection on B-mode Transrectal Ultrasound Using Artificial Intelligence for Targeting During Prostate Biopsies.

Background And Objective: To assess whether conventional brightness-mode (B-mode) transrectal ultrasound images of the prostate reveal clinically significant cancers with the help of artificial intelligence methods.

Methods: This study included 2986 men who underwent biopsies at two institutions. We trained the PROstate Cancer detection on B-mode transrectal UltraSound images NETwork (ProCUSNet) to determine whether ultrasound can reliably detect cancer.

Disorders of Muscle Mass and Tone.

Muscle disease has various clinical manifestations that range from exertional and non-exertional rhabdomyolysis, fasciculations, weakness, rigidity, stiffness, gait abnormalities, poor performance, and alterations in muscle mass and tone. Neurogenic disorders and non-neurogenic disorders such as primary muscle disease can cause muscle atrophy and changes in muscle tone. Myotonic disorders can have a genetic (eg, inherited channelopathies) or acquired (eg, electrolyte derangements) origin.

Genetics of Muscle Disease.

In the field of equine muscle disorders, many conditions have a genetic basis. Therefore, genetic testing is an important part of the diagnostic evaluation. Validated genetic tests are currently available for 5 equine muscle disorders: hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, malignant hyperthermia, glycogen branching enzyme disease, type 1 polysaccharide storage myopathy, and myosin heavy chain myopathy.

Advances in systematic conservation planning to meet global biodiversity goals.

Systematic conservation planning (SCP) involves the cost-effective placement and application of management actions to achieve biodiversity conservation objectives. Given the political momentum for greater global nature protection, restoration, and improved management of natural resources articulated in the targets of the Global Biodiversity Framework, assessing the state-of-the-art of SCP is timely. Recent advances in SCP include faster and more exact algorithms and software, inclusion of ecosystem services and multiple facets of biodiversity (e.

K1 channels enable myelinated axons to transmit spikes reliably without spiking ectopically.

Action potentials (spikes) are regenerated at each node of Ranvier during saltatory transmission along a myelinated axon. The high density of voltage-gated sodium channels required by nodes to reliably transmit spikes increases the risk of ectopic spike generation in the axon. Here we show that ectopic spiking is avoided because K1 channels prevent nodes from responding to slow depolarization; instead, axons respond selectively to rapid depolarization because K1 channels implement a high-pass filter.

Tracking transmission through transposable elements in uropathogenic and commensal .

Aim: To investigate the nucleotide sequences associated with transposable elements carrying bla allelic variants as potential markers for the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes between domestic animals, humans and the environment.

Materials & Methods: We conducted whole-genome sequencing and analyzed the nucleotide sequences of most abundant bla allelic variants (bla, bla, and bla) in commensal Escherichia coli ( = 20) from household members in Quito and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) ( = 149) isolated from nine clinics in Quito, Ecuador.

Mental Health Aspects of Genetic Screening and Testing in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Availability of genetic testing and screening options has advanced significantly, and increasingly becoming included in obstetric (OB) and gynecologic practices. Advanced technologies have caused genetic screening to become more complex. Genetic screening is recommended for all pregnant patients and is routinely offered in OBs and gynecology.

Pancreatic Cancer: Screening and Early Detection.

Pancreatic cancer, often diagnosed at advanced stages, has poor survival rates. Effective screening aims to detect the disease early, improving outcomes. Current guidelines recommend screening high-risk groups, including those with a family history or genetic predispositions, using methods like endoscopic ultrasound and MRI.

Social inclusion programming for older adults living in age-friendly cities: a scoping review.

Objectives: Creating age-friendly cities (AFCs) is essential for supporting older adults' well-being. The WHO's 2007 guide outlines key features of AFCs, including social inclusion. Despite increasing numbers of AFC programmes, diverse experiences of ageing are often overlooked.

Investigating the implementation of a Trial of Labour After Caesarean (TOLAC) delivery bundle with respect to decreasing caesarean delivery rates: a multisite quality improvement initiative.

Objectives: To study the effect of implementing a Trial of Labour After Caesarean (TOLAC) delivery bundle with respect to decreasing caesarean delivery rates across five hospitals.

Design: Prospective quality improvement study.

Setting: Five Canadian hospital sites participated, two academic centres and three community hospitals, with annual delivery rates ranging from 2500 to 7500 per site.

Organisational factors associated with burnout among emergency and internal medicine physicians: a qualitative study.

Objective: To identify physician perspectives on factors associated with physician burnout, protective factors against burnout, and to seek potential solutions for this pervasive problem.

Design: A qualitative study with semistructured focus group interviews using a systematic framework analysis.

Setting And Participants: Physicians from general internal medicine (GIM) and the emergency department (ED) at two urban tertiary care hospitals in Vancouver, Canada, were recruited.

Descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study of rehabilitation care for poststroke users in Québec during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, designated rehabilitation centres were established in the province of Québec, where strict sociosanitary measures such as isolation and mandatory personal protection equipment requirements were followed. This study aimed to describe the impact of the pandemic on rehabilitation care indicators for poststroke users with (COV+) and without (COV-) COVID-19 infection in designated rehabilitation centres compared with those admitted in the previous year (pre-COV).

Method: A retrospective analysis of 292 medical files was performed in 3 rehabilitation centres.

Understanding the impact of racism on surgical outcomes in settler nation-states USA and Canada: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: To improve surgical quality and safety, health systems must prioritise equitable care for surgical patients. Racialised patients experience worse postoperative outcomes when compared with non-racialised surgical patients in settler colonial nation-states. Identifying preventable adverse outcomes for equity-deserving patient populations is an important starting point to begin to address these gaps in care.

Efficacy of the Foodbot Factory digital curriculum-based nutrition education intervention in improving children's nutrition knowledge, attitudes and behaviours in elementary school classrooms: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Schools are an important setting for supporting children's development of food literacy, but minimal research has assessed which strategies are most suitable for school nutrition education. The Foodbot Factory intervention, consisting of serious game (ie, a digital game designed for education) and curriculum-based lesson plans, was developed to support teachers and children ages 8-12 with nutrition education. Pilot data have demonstrated that Foodbot Factory can significantly improve children's nutrition knowledge, but it has not yet been evaluated in classrooms.

Latest revisions to the International Health Regulations will fail to prevent future travel chaos.

The poor management of public health risks associated with travel by most countries proved among the most contentious issue areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence from previous outbreaks suggested travel restrictions were largely unnecessary and counterproductive to timely reporting. This led to initial WHO recommendations against the use of travel restrictions.

Arithmetic normalisation models for the effects of lipid on carbon stable isotope values in silver carp () tissue.

Invasive silver carp () threaten Mississippi River basin ecosystems due to their ability to outcompete native species. Stable carbon (δC) and nitrogen (δN) isotope analysis has been used to study how silver carp impact native ecosystems, but lipids in fish tissues commonly bias their δC values. Chemical lipid extraction and mathematical equations that normalise δC values for lipid content can account for this bias, but have not been assessed for silver carp.

Peripheral Artery Disease Centres of Excellence in Canada - A Call to Action.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is responsible for a significant burden of morbidity and mortality in Canada. Despite the publication of recent guidelines outlining the diagnosis and management of PAD, delivery of care continues to be fragmented. With a growing number of medical and surgical techniques available, Centres of Excellence are a natural evolution in the advancement of care for patients living with PAD.

The inflammatory profiling in a cohort of older patients suffering from cognitive decline and dementia.

Background: During aging, there is a progressive impairment of immune cell function that triggers the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines causing the so-called "inflammaging". Frailty represents a condition of increased vulnerability to stresses and reduced homeostatic reserve reflecting not only health status but also biological age. In older subjects without dementia, we showed that markers of inflammaging were differently associated with chronological age than with frailty.

Anaphylaxis definition, overview, and clinical support tool: 2024 consensus report.

Background: The 2006 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network (NIAID/FAAN) anaphylaxis criteria are widely used in clinical care and research. In 2020, the World Allergy Organization (WAO) published modified criteria that have not been uniformly adopted. Different criteria contribute to inconsistent care and research outcomes.

Factor structure and measurement invariance of the GAD-7 across time, sex, and language in young adults.

Introduction: The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale (GAD-7) is widely used to measure anxiety symptom severity. One-factor, two-factor, and bifactor latent structures are supported by previous research. Yet, measurement invariance of the GAD-7 across sex and language (i.