0.5T MRI as a competitor to CT for sinus imaging.

The goal of this study was to determine how radiologists' rating of image quality when using 0.5T Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) compares to Computed Tomography (CT) for visualization of pathology and evaluation of specific anatomic regions within the paranasal sinuses. 42 patients with clinical CT scans opted to have a 0.

Predictive value of trendelenburg position and carotid ultrasound for fluid responsiveness in patients on VV-ECMO with acute respiratory distress syndrome in the prone position.

Fluid administration is widely used to treat hypotension in patients undergoing veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). However, excessive fluid administration may lead to fluid overload can aggravate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and increase patient mortality, predicting fluid responsiveness is of great significance for VV-ECMO patients. This prospective single-center study was conducted in a medical intensive care unit (ICU) and finally included 51 VV-ECMO patients with ARDS in the prone position (PP).

Learned phenotypes emerge during social stress modifying hippocampal orexin receptor gene expression.

Psychological distress, including anxiety or mood disorders, emanates from the onset of chronic/unpredictable stressful events. Symptoms in the form of maladaptive behaviors are learned and difficult to treat. While the origin of stress-induced disorders seems to be where learning and stress intersect, this relationship and molecular pathways involved remain largely unresolved.

Engagement in moderate-intensity physical activity supports overnight memory retention in older adults.

Preserving the ability to vividly recall emotionally rich experiences contributes to quality of life in older adulthood. While prior works suggest that moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) may bolster memory, it is unclear whether this extends to emotionally salient memories consolidated during sleep. In the current study, older adults (mean age = 72.

Ventilation and features of the lung environment dynamically alter modeled intrapulmonary aerosol exposure from inhaled electronic cigarettes.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) fundamentally differ from tobacco cigarettes in their generation of liquid-based aerosols. Investigating how e-cig aerosols behave when inhaled into the dynamic environment of the lung is important for understanding vaping-related exposure and toxicity. A ventilated artificial lung model was developed to replicate the ventilatory and environmental features of the human lung and study their impact on the characteristics of inhaled e-cig aerosols from simulated vaping scenarios.

Modeling predicts facile release of nitrite but not nitric oxide from the thionitrate CHSNO with relevance to nitroglycerin bioactivation.

Nitroglycerin is a potent vasodilator in clinical use since the late 1800s. It functions as a prodrug that is bioactivated by formation of an enzyme-based thionitrate, E-Cys-NO. This intermediate reportedly decomposes to release NO and NO but their relative yields remain controversial.

Impacts of lateral conductive heat flow on ground temperature and implications for permafrost modeling.

Permafrost ground temperature and its spatial distribution are usually calculated using one-dimensional models based on heat flow in the vertical direction. Here, we theoretically calculated the impacts of lateral conductive heat flow on ground temperature under equilibrium and transient conditions. The results show that lateral heat flow has strong impacts on ground temperature, especially in deep ground.

Attention-guided convolutional network for bias-mitigated and interpretable oral lesion classification.

Accurate diagnosis of oral lesions, early indicators of oral cancer, is a complex clinical challenge. Recent advances in deep learning have demonstrated potential in supporting clinical decisions. This paper introduces a deep learning model for classifying oral lesions, focusing on accuracy, interpretability, and reducing dataset bias.

The relationship between mitochondrial health, telomerase activity and longitudinal telomere attrition, considering the role of chronic stress.

Telomere attrition is a hallmark of biological aging, contributing to cellular replicative senescence. However, few studies have examined the determinants of telomere attrition in vivo in humans. Mitochondrial Health Index (MHI), a composite marker integrating mitochondrial energy-transformation capacity and content, may be one important mediator of telomere attrition, as it could impact telomerase activity, a direct regulator of telomere maintenance.

Liver cancer multiomics reveals diverse protein kinase A disruptions convergently produce fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma.

Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma (FLC) is a rare liver cancer characterized by a fusion oncokinase of the genes DNAJB1 and PRKACA, the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA). A few FLC-like tumors have been reported showing other alterations involving PKA. To better understand FLC pathogenesis and the relationships among FLC, FLC-like, and other liver tumors, we performed a massive multi-omics analysis.

Operation Polypharmacy: a pharmacist-led ambulatory care clinic design and evaluation for older patients.

The unintended consequences of polypharmacy pose significant risks to older adults. The complexities of managing numerous medications from multiple prescribers demand a comprehensive approach to mitigate harms. Pharmacist-led clinics have been shown to improve outcomes in patients with diabetes and hypertension.

Evaluation of hydro-chemical facies and surface water quality dynamics using multivariate statistical approaches in Southern Nigeria.

The geochemical and chemical constituents of river water quality could be influenced by human activities and organic processes like water interacting with the lithogenic structure that the river flows through. Evaluating evidence based primary root of the predominant pollutant ions, their interactions as well as the factors controlling their dominance is crucial in studies regarding water environment and hydrology especially as most studies focus on theoretical methods. In order to understand the water cycle, safeguard surface water resources, and preserve the human environment, this study evaluated surface water hydro-chemical facies, quality dynamics, and portability in southern Nigeria using multivariate statistical approaches by analyzing selected hydro-chemical characteristics as indicators of pollution along the river during wet and dry seasons.

Regionally distinct GFAP promoter expression plays a role in off-target neuron expression following AAV5 transduction.

Astrocyte to neuron reprogramming has been performed using viral delivery of neurogenic transcription factors in GFAP expressing cells. Recent reports of off-target expression in cortical neurons following adeno-associated virus (AAV) transduction to deliver the neurogenic factors have confounded our understanding of the efficacy of direct cellular reprogramming. To shed light on potential mechanisms that may underlie the neuronal off-target expression of GFAP promoter driven expression of neurogenic factors in neurons, two regionally distinct cortices were compared-the motor cortex (MC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-and investigated: (1) the regional tropism and astrocyte transduction with an AAV5-GFAP vector, (2) the expression of Gfap in MC and mPFC neurons; and (3) material transfer between astrocytes and neurons.

Differences between mates at the TLR1Lb locus are associated with lower reproductive success in a long-lived seabird.

Genetic diversity can influence fitness components such as survival and reproductive success. Yet the association between genetic diversity and fitness based on neutral loci is sometime very weak and inconsistent, with relationships varying among taxa due to confounding effects of population demography and life history. Fitness-diversity relationships are likely to be stronger and more consistent for genes known to influence phenotypic traits, such as immunity-related genes, and may also depend on the genetic differences between breeding partners.

Recent methane surges reveal heightened emissions from tropical inundated areas.

Record breaking atmospheric methane growth rates were observed in 2020 and 2021 (15.2±0.5 and 17.

AI allows pre-screening of FGFR3 mutational status using routine histology slides of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Pathogenic activating mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) drive disease maintenance and progression in urothelial cancer. 10-15% of muscle-invasive and metastatic urothelial cancer (MIBC/mUC) are FGFR3-mutant. Selective targeting of FGFR3 hotspot mutations with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.

Biophysical effects of croplands on land surface temperature.

Converting natural vegetation to croplands alters the local land surface energy budget. Here, we use two decades of satellite data and a physics-based framework to analyse the biophysical mechanisms by which croplands influence daily mean land surface temperature (LST). Globally, 60% of croplands exhibit an annual warming effect, while 40% have a cooling effect compared to their surrounding natural ecosystems.

Future increase in compound soil drought-heat extremes exacerbated by vegetation greening.

Compound soil drought and heat extremes are expected to occur more frequently with global warming, causing wide-ranging socio-ecological repercussions. Vegetation modulates air temperature and soil moisture through biophysical processes, thereby influencing the occurrence of such extremes. Global vegetation cover is broadly expected to increase under climate change, but it remains unclear whether vegetation greening will alleviate or aggravate future increases in compound soil drought-heat events.

Molecular correlates for HPV-negative head and neck cancer engraftment prognosticate patient outcomes.

There is a pressing need to improve risk stratification and treatment selection for HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) due to the adverse side effects of treatment. One of the most important prognostic features is lymph nodes involvement. Previously, we demonstrated that tumor formation in patient-derived xenografts (i.

INSIHGT: an accessible multi-scale, multi-modal 3D spatial biology platform.

Biological systems are complex, encompassing intertwined spatial, molecular and functional features. However, methodological constraints limit the completeness of information that can be extracted. Here, we report the development of INSIHGT, a non-destructive, accessible three-dimensional (3D) spatial biology method utilizing superchaotropes and host-guest chemistry to achieve homogeneous, deep penetration of macromolecular probes up to centimeter scales, providing reliable semi-quantitative signals throughout the tissue volume.

Sleep drive is coupled to tissue damage via shedding of Caenorhabditis elegans EGFR ligand SISS-1.

The benefits of sleep extend beyond the nervous system. Peripheral tissues impact sleep regulation, and increased sleep is observed in response to damaging conditions, even those that selectively affect non-neuronal cells. However, the 'sleep need' signal released by stressed tissues is not known.

Characterizing mutation-treatment effects using clinico-genomics data of 78,287 patients with 20 types of cancers.

Evaluating the effectiveness of cancer treatments in relation to specific tumor mutations is essential for improving patient outcomes and advancing the field of precision medicine. Here we represent a comprehensive analysis of 78,287 U.S.

Strontium isoscape of sub-Saharan Africa allows tracing origins of victims of the transatlantic slave trade.

Strontium isotope (Sr/Sr) analysis with reference to strontium isotope landscapes (Sr isoscapes) allows reconstructing mobility and migration in archaeology, ecology, and forensics. However, despite the vast potential of research involving Sr/Sr analysis particularly in Africa, Sr isoscapes remain unavailable for the largest parts of the continent. Here, we measure the Sr/Sr ratios in 778 environmental samples from 24 African countries and combine this data with published data to model a bioavailable Sr isoscape for sub-Saharan Africa using random forest regression.

Operando real-space imaging of a structural phase transformation in the high-voltage electrode LiNiMnO.

Discontinuous solid-solid phase transformations play a pivotal role in determining the properties of rechargeable battery electrodes. By leveraging operando Bragg Coherent Diffractive Imaging (BCDI), we investigate the discontinuous phase transformation in LiNiMnO within an operational Li metal coin cell. Throughout Li-intercalation, we directly observe the nucleation and growth of the Li-rich phase within the initially charged Li-poor phase in a 500 nm particle.

Alcohol-induced gut microbial reorganization and associated overproduction of phenylacetylglutamine promotes cardiovascular disease.

The mechanism(s) underlying gut microbial metabolite (GMM) contribution towards alcohol-mediated cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unknown. Herein we observe elevation in circulating phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), a known CVD-associated GMM, in individuals living with alcohol use disorder. In a male murine binge-on-chronic alcohol model, we confirm gut microbial reorganization, elevation in PAGln levels, and the presence of cardiovascular pathophysiology.