Association Between Early Childhood P300 Deficits and Risk for Preadolescence Depressive Disorder Mediated by Responsiveness to PCIT-ED Treatment.

Preschool-onset major depressive disorder (PO-MDD) is an impairing pediatric mental health disorder that impacts children as young as three years old. There is limited work dedicated to uncovering neural measures of this early childhood disorder which could be leveraged to further understand both treatment responsiveness and future depression risk. Event-related potentials (ERPs) such as the P300 have been employed extensively in adult populations to examine depression-related deficits in cognitive and motivational systems.

A rare case of primary testicular follicular lymphoma in a pediatric patient.

Testicular follicular lymphoma (TFL) is an exceedingly rare lymphoma that typically occurs in young male patients and is now recognized as a distinct diagnostic entity in the International Consensus Classification. TFL shows some clinicopathologic and genetic overlap with pediatric-type follicular lymphoma (PTFL). We report a case of TFL occurring in an otherwise healthy 4-year-old boy who presented with painless scrotal swelling.

The Pediatric Hip Physical Exam.

Purpose Of Review: Atraumatic hip pain in children is one of the most common orthopaedic complaints in this population. This review details the important elements of the pediatric hip physical exam and provides an overview of pertinent clinical exam findings in specific diagnoses of common pediatric hip pathology.

Recent Findings: A thorough physical exam is critical for the diagnosis of pediatric hip pathology, as many conditions have exam findings that are very commonly associated with the pathology, if not pathognomonic for the disorder.

From Vision to Reality: The EU's Pharmaceutical Reforms and the Path to Improved Access.

Disparities in access to oncology medicines in European Union (EU) member states can impact patient outcomes profoundly, with availability and timely access varying significantly across and within member states. This paper discusses the intersection of the new European Health Technology Assessment Regulation (HTAR), the provisions of the proposed pharmaceutical legislation and their potential impacts on access to oncology medicines across EU member states. The HTAR, seeking to standardise the clinical evaluation of new medicines, has the potential to streamline the evaluation process but also risks oversimplifying diverse national healthcare needs.

Pituitary adenomas: biology, nomenclature and clinical classification.

An 'adenoma' is a benign neoplasm composed of epithelial tissue, and has been standard nomenclature for primary pituitary neoplasms. In 2022, the fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Endocrine Tumours and of Central Nervous System Tumours, renamed pituitary adenomas as neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), assigning an oncology label to pituitary invariably benign neoplasms. Multidisciplinary workshops convened by the Pituitary Society have questioned the process, validity, and merit of this arbitrary change, while addressing the adverse clinical implications of the proposed new nomenclature.

Survival disparities among Asian, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (ANHPI) patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in the United States.

Background: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the seventh most common cancer among Asian, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders (ANHPIs), yet the risk of death in specific ANHPI subgroups in the US is unknown.

Methods: We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data to investigate relative survival and the risk of death among NHL patients in ANHPI subgroups. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI), comparing ANHPI subgroups to non-Hispanic White (NHW) NHL patients for all-cause death and NHL-specific death.

MAPK1IP1L::TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma: a novel fusion adding to the differential diagnosis of oncocytic renal neoplasms.

Beyond the more common TFE3 fusion partners PRCC, ASPSCR1, and SFPQ, additional less common fusion partners of TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have been described. Herein, we present an example of TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma harboring fusion partner MAPK1IP1L, a rare rearrangement with only one other reported tumor found in the literature. The currently reported TFE3-rearranged RCC demonstrates unique histological features compared to the previously reported tumor including dense eosinophilic cytoplasm and nuclear pseudoinclusions (corroborated by electron microscopic evaluation), with features not typically seen in other TFE3-rearranged RCCs.

"When People Reach Out that is When They're Desperate": Understanding Informal and Formal Help-Seeking Practices for Gambling among Aboriginal Peoples in the Northern Territory, Australia.

This study provides an in-depth qualitative exploration of Aboriginal peoples' experiences with seeking help for gambling-related issues in the Northern Territory (NT), Australia. Through semi-structured interviews with 29 participants, including regular and occasional gamblers as well as those affected by others' gambling, the research highlights key barriers to seeking formal help. These barriers included the normalisation of gambling within Aboriginal communities, denial of gambling problems, feelings of shame, privacy concerns, and a lack of trust in mainstream services.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Psychological Benefits of a Daily Examen-Based Practice.

This is a randomized controlled trial of an Examen-based practice, an intervention reflecting a five-step daily reflection and prayer practice developed by St. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Catholic Jesuit order. Like other practices (e.

The contribution of cognitive disengagement syndrome symptoms to depressive symptoms among pediatric brain tumor survivors.

Objective: Pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) are at risk for neurocognitive late effects that can resemble symptoms of cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS). In the current study, we compared the CDS symptoms of PBTS to those of healthy comparison classmates (CC) and examined whether CDS might explain group differences in depressive symptoms. We also explored whether CDS symptoms were associated with engagement-based coping strategies and stress responses, thereby testing one mechanism by which CDS could lead to affective difficulties.

Spatio-temporal segregation between sensory relay and swallowing pre-motor population activities by optical imaging in the rat nucleus of the solitary tract.

The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) contains neurons that relay sensory swallowing commands information from the oropharyngeal cavity and swallowing premotor neurons of the dorsal swallowing group (DSG). However, the spatio-temporal dynamics of the interplay between the sensory relay and the DSG is not well understood. Here, we employed fluorescence imaging after microinjection of the calcium indicator into the NTS in an arterially perfused brainstem preparation of rat (n = 8) to investigate neuronal population activity in the NTS in response to superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) stimulation.

Substitution load revisited: a high proportion of deaths can be selective.

Haldane's Dilemma refers to the concern that the need for many "selective deaths" to complete a substitution (i.e. selective sweep) creates a speed limit to adaptation.

'It is scary to pause treatment': perspectives on HIV cure-related research and analytical treatment interruptions from women diagnosed during acute HIV in Durban, South Africa.

Background: HIV remains a major challenge in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, particularly for young women who face disproportionate risks and barriers to prevention and treatment. Most HIV cure trials, however, occur in high-income countries.

Objective: To examine the perspectives of young women diagnosed with acute HIV in a longitudinal study, focusing on their perceptions on ATI-inclusive HIV cure trials and the barriers and facilitators to participation.

2024 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: Three Way-Cross Validation; Urine Clinical Analysis; Automated Methods; Regulatory Queries on Plasma Protein Binding; Automated Biospecimen Management; ELN Migration; Ultra-Sensitivity Mass Spectrometry ( - Recommendations on Advanced Strategies for Mass Spectrometry Assays, Chromatography, Sample Preparation and BMV/Regulated Bioanalysis - Regulatory Agencies' Inputs on Regulated Bioanalysis/BMV).

The 18 Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (18 WRIB) took place in San Antonio, TX, USA on May 6-10, 2024. Over 1100 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 18 WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week to allow an exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis of biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines.

2024 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: Evolution of Immunogenicity Assessment beyond ADA/NAb; Regulated Genomic/NGS Assays; Hypersensitivity Reactions; Minimum Noise Reduction; False Positive Range; Modernized Vaccine Approaches; NAb/TAb Correlation - Recommendations on Advanced Strategies for Molecular Assays and Immunogenicity of Gene Therapy, Cell Therapy, Vaccine; Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity Assessment & Clinical Relevance - Regulatory Agencies' Input on Immunogenicity/Technologies of Biotherapeutics, Gene, Cell & Vaccine Therapies).

The 18 Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (18 WRIB) took place in San Antonio, TX, USA on May 6-10, 2024. Over 1100 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 18 WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week to allow an exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis of biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines.

2024 White paper on recent issues in bioanalysis: Impact of LDT in US and IVDR in EU; AI/ML for High Parameter Flow Cytometry; The rise of Olink Technology; CDx for AAV Gene Therapies; Integrative Bioanalysis by Multiple Platforms; Super Sensitive ADA/NAb LBA ( - Recommendations on Advanced Strategies for Biomarkers, IVD/CDx Assays (BAV), Cell Based Assays (CBA), and Ligand-Binding Assays (LBA) - Regulatory Agencies' Input on Biomarkers, IVD/CDx, and Biomarker Assay Validation).

The 18th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (18th WRIB) took place in San Antonio, TX, USA on May 6-10, 2024. Over 1100 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 18th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week to allow an exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis of biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines.

Thyroid Hormone Activation Regulates the Crosstalk between Breast Cancer and Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Background: Thyroid Hormones (THs) critically impact human cancer. Although endowed with both tumor-promoting and inhibiting effects in different cancer types, excess of THs has been linked to enhanced tumor growth and progression. Breast cancer depends on the interaction between bulk tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert powerful pro-tumorigenic activities.

Human vs Machine: The Future of Decision-making in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven technologies offer transformative potential in plastic surgery, spanning pre-operative planning, surgical procedures, and post-operative care, with the promise of improved patient outcomes.

Objectives: To compare the web-based ChatGPT-4o (omni; OpenAI, San Francisco, CA) and Gemini Advanced (Alphabet Inc., Mountain View, CA), focusing on their data upload feature and examining outcomes before and after exposure to CME articles, particularly regarding their efficacy relative to human participants.

The Impact of Optical Undersampling on the Ca Signal Resolution in Ca Imaging of Spontaneous Neuronal Activity.

Background: In neuroscience, Ca imaging is a prevalent technique used to infer neuronal electrical activity, often relying on optical signals recorded at low sampling rates (3 to 30 Hz) across multiple neurons simultaneously. This study investigated whether increasing the sampling rate preserves critical information that may be missed at slower acquisition speeds.

Methods: Primary neuronal cultures were prepared from the cortex of newborn pups.

Probability of Achieving Bone Mineral Density Treatment Goals with Denosumab Treatment in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis.

Bone mineral density (BMD) levels achieved on osteoporosis treatment are predictive of subsequent fracture risk, and T-score > -2.5 has been proposed as a minimum treatment target for women with osteoporosis. Knowing the likelihood of attaining target T-scores with different medications for different baseline BMD levels can help determine appropriate initial treatment for individual patients.

Caution when using network partners for target identification in drug discovery.

Identifying novel, high-yield drug targets is challenging and often results in a high failure rate. However, recent data indicates that leveraging human genetic evidence to identify and validate these targets significantly increases the likelihood of success in drug development. Two recent papers from Open Targets claimed that around half of FDA-approved drugs had targets with direct human genetic evidence.

Additive Effects of Glutathione in Improving Antibiotic Efficacy in HIV- Co-Infection in the Central Nervous System: A Systematic Review.

Background: HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infection poses a significant health challenge, particularly when involving the central nervous system (CNS), where it leads to severe morbidity and mortality. Current treatments face challenges such as drug resistance, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), and persistent inflammation. Glutathione (GSH) has the therapeutic potential to enhance treatment outcomes by improving antibiotic efficacy, reducing inflammation, and mitigating immune dysfunction.

Flunarizine as a Candidate for Drug Repurposing Against Human Pathogenic Mammarenaviruses.

Lassa fever (LF), a viral hemorrhagic fever disease with a case fatality rate that can be over 20% among hospitalized LF patients, is endemic to many West African countries. Currently, no vaccines or therapies are specifically licensed to prevent or treat LF, hence the significance of developing therapeutics against the mammarenavirus Lassa virus (LASV), the causative agent of LF. We used in silico docking approaches to investigate the binding affinities of 2015 existing drugs to LASV proteins known to play critical roles in the formation and activity of the virus ribonucleoprotein complex (vRNP) responsible for directing replication and transcription of the viral genome.