Surgeon attitudes toward risk stratification in emergency surgery for the elderly: an ESTES cross-sectional survey.

Purpose: Our study explores the utilization of objective tools for preoperative assessment of elderly patients by Emergency General Surgeons (EGS).

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted via the European Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) Research Committee. EGS were invited through the ESTES members' mailing list and social media platforms.

Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy via Photo-Triggered Calcium Overload and Oxygen Delivery in Tumor Hypoxia Management.

: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising treatment for cancer, primarily due to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that directly induce tumor cell death. However, the hypoxic microenvironment commonly found within tumors poses a significant challenge by inhibiting ROS production. This study aims to investigate the effect of improving tumor hypoxia on enhancing PDT.

Influence of Preoperative Depression on Cervical Spine Surgery Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Study Design: Systematic review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: To quantify the association of preoperative depression on patient reported outcome measures (PROMS) after cervical spine surgery.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.

RNase T2 deficiency promotes TLR13-dependent replenishment of tissue-protective Kupffer cells.

Lysosomal stress due to the accumulation of nucleic acids (NAs) activates endosomal TLRs in macrophages. Here, we show that lysosomal RNA stress, caused by the lack of RNase T2, induces macrophage accumulation in multiple organs such as the spleen and liver through TLR13 activation by microbiota-derived ribosomal RNAs. TLR13 triggered emergency myelopoiesis, increasing the number of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow and spleen.

Different PD-L1 Assays Reveal Distinct Immunobiology and Clinical Outcomes in Urothelial Cancer.

Testing for PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used to predict immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) benefit but has performed inconsistently in urothelial cancer (UC) clinical trials. Different approaches are used for PD-L1 IHC. We analyzed paired PD-L1 IHC data on UC samples using the SP142 and 22C3 assays from the phase 3 IMvigor130 trial and found discordant findings summarized by four phenotypes: PD-L1 positive by both assays (PD-L1 double positive; PD-L1DP), PD-L1 positive by the SP142 assay only (SP142 single positive; SP142SP), PD-L1 positive by the 22C3 assay only (22C3 single positive; 22C3SP), and PD-L1 negative by both assays double negative (PD-L1 double negative; PD-L1DN).

Optimized genetic tools for neuroanatomical and functional mapping of the Aedes aegypti olfactory system.

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is an emerging model insect for invertebrate neurobiology. We detail the application of a dual transgenesis marker system that reports the nature of transgene integration with circular donor template for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair at target mosquito chemoreceptor genes. Employing this approach, we demonstrate the establishment of cell-type-specific T2A-QF2 driver lines for the A.

Accumulation of CD38 in Hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal Cells Promotes Immune Remodeling and Metastasis in Breast Cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly metastatic subtype of breast cancer. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is a nonbinary process in the metastatic cascade that generates tumor cells with both epithelial and mesenchymal traits known as hybrid EM cells. Recent studies have elucidated the enhanced metastatic potential of cancers featuring the hybrid EM phenotype, highlighting the need to uncover molecular drivers and targetable vulnerabilities of the hybrid EM state.

Machine Learning-based Prediction of Mortality Among Malnourished Patients Hospitalized With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Malnourished patients hospitalized with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Risk stratification can help identify patients who are most in need of medical and nutritional intervention.

Goal: This study aimed to develop a machine-learning model that accurately predicts mortality in hospitalized IBD patients with protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM).

Talin, a Rap1 effector for integrin activation at the plasma membrane, also promotes Rap1 activity by disrupting sequestration of Rap1 by SHANK3.

Talin regulates the adhesion and migration of cells in part by promoting the affinity of integrins for extracellular matrix proteins, a process that in cells such as endothelial cells and platelets requires the direct interaction of talin with both the small GTPase, Rap1-GTP, and the integrin β3 cytoplasmic tail. To study this process in more detail, we employed an optogenetic approach in living, immortalized endothelial cells to be able to regulate talin interaction with the plasma membrane. Previous studies identified talin as the Rap1-GTP effector for β3 integrin activation.

High PSMA Avidity, Yet Still Benign: The Importance of CT Morphology for Diagnosing Fibrous Dysplasia on PSMA-Targeted PET/CT.

A 64-year-old man with newly diagnosed prostate cancer underwent 18F-Piflufolastat PET/CT. Radiotracer avidity localized to the primary prostate malignancy and to a left rib (SUVmax, 9.0).

Development and Pilot Implementation of a Theory-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation Protocol for Adults With Chronic Cognitive Complaints After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the development of and pilot feasibility outcomes for a strategy-based, brief, intensive cognitive rehabilitation intervention delivered to U.S. service members and veterans with mild traumatic brain injury in a recently completed 3-year pragmatic clinical trial: Symptom-Targeted Approach to Rehabilitation for Concussion (STAR-C).

Ring strain governs transmetalation behaviour at a tucked-in iron complex.

Studies that independently investigate [M]-C transmetalation reactions using two different metals are uncommon and yet understanding this reactivity is important to unlocking new synthetic approaches and product classes. Here, we show that the strained [Fe]-C complex, [(η-CMe-CH)Fe(diphosphine)] undergoes transmetalation with rhodium(I) and iridium(I) diolefin salts, leading to rapid Fe-C(sp) bond cleavage and M-C(sp) (M = Rh or Ir) bond generation.

Pressure-driven phase transformations on MgCa(CO) huntite carbonate.

Magnesium and calcium carbonate minerals are significant reservoirs of Earth's carbon and understanding their behavior under different conditions is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of deep carbon storage. Huntite, MgCa(CO), is one of the two stable calcium magnesium carbonate phases, together with dolomite. The distinctive cation coordination environment of Ca atoms compared to calcite-type and dolomite structures makes huntite a comparatively less dense phase.

Interplay between the cyclophilin homology domain of RANBP2 and MX2 regulates HIV-1 capsid dependencies on nucleoporins.

Unlabelled: Interlinked interactions between the viral capsid (CA), nucleoporins (Nups), and the antiviral protein myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2/MXB) influence human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) nuclear entry and the outcome of infection. Although RANBP2/NUP358 has been repeatedly identified as a critical player in HIV-1 nuclear import and MX2 activity, the mechanism by which RANBP2 facilitates HIV-1 infection is not well understood. To explore the interactions between MX2, the viral CA, and RANBP2, we utilized CRISPR-Cas9 to generate cell lines expressing RANBP2 from its endogenous locus but lacking the C-terminal cyclophilin (Cyp) homology domain and found that both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections were reduced significantly in RANBP2 cells.

[Coronary Angiography in Clinical Practice: Update on Indications, Complications, and Contraindications].

Unlabelled: Coronary angiography (CA) is the gold standard for identifying the presence and extent of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease or dynamic stenosis of the arteries.

Aim: Review of the literature and international clinical guidelines on the evidence of its indications in different clinical scenarios.

Method: Qualitative study through a narrative review of the current indications of the technique, limitations, possible complications and contraindications.

The Effects of Disinfection Byproduct 2,6-Dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone on the Cyanobacterium : From the Perspectives of Biochemistry and Non-Targeted Metabolomics.

2,6-Dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DCBQ) is an emerging chlorinated disinfection byproduct (DBP) in bodies of water. However, this compound poses an unknown toxic effect on cyanobacteria. In this study, the toxicological mechanisms of 2,6-DCBQ in () were investigated through physiological and nontargeted metabolomic assessments.

Biomonitoring PhIP, a Potential Prostatic Carcinogen, in the Hair of Healthy Men of African and European Ancestry.

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), formed during the cooking of meat, are potential human carcinogens, underscoring the need for long-lived biomarkers to assess exposure and cancer risk. Frequent consumption of well-done meats containing 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-]pyridine (PhIP), a prevalent HAA that is a prostatic carcinogen in rodents and DNA-damaging agent in human prostate cells, has been linked to aggressive prostate cancer (PC) pathology. African American (AA) men face nearly twice the risk for developing and dying from PC compared to White men.

Polystyrene Nanoplastics Elicit Multiple Responses in Immune Cells of the (, 1826).

The improper disposal of plastic products/wastes can lead to the release of nanoplastics (NPs) into environmental media, especially soil. Nevertheless, their toxicity mechanisms in soil invertebrates remain unclear. This study investigated the impact of polystyrene NPs on (, 1826) immune cells, focusing on oxidative stress, immune responses, apoptosis, and necrosis.

Efficacy of Chlorogenic Acid in Treating Tripterygium Glycoside-Induced Asthenozoospermia in Rats and Its Possible Mechanisms.

Tripterygium glycosides (TGs) are the most common form of traditional Chinese medicine, known as Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) [...

An Enigmatic Wild Passerine Mortality Event in the Eastern United States.

The ability to rapidly respond to wildlife health events is essential. However, such events are often unpredictable, especially with anthropogenic disturbances and climate-related environmental changes driving unforeseen threats. Many events also are short-lived and go undocumented, making it difficult to draw on lessons learned from past investigations.

The Long-Term Immunity of a Microneedle Array Patch of a SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein Subunit Vaccine Irradiated by Gamma Rays in Mice.

Background/objectives: COVID-19 vaccines effectively prevent severe disease, but unequal distribution, especially in low- and middle-income countries, has led to vaccine-resistant strains. This highlights the urgent need for alternative vaccine platforms that are safe, thermostable, and easy to distribute. This study evaluates the immunogenicity, stability, and scalability of a dissolved microneedle array patch (MAP) delivering the rS1RS09 subunit vaccine, comprising the SARS-CoV-2 S1 monomer and RS09, a TLR-4 agonist peptide.

A Spike-Based mRNA Vaccine Encapsulated in Phospholipid 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-PhosphoEthanolamine Containing Lipid Nanoparticles Induced Potent B- and T-Cell Responses Associated with Protection Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19-like Symptoms in Hamsters.

Background: Nucleoside-modified mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a promising vaccine strategy, especially for COVID-19. While the LNPs protect mRNA from degradation and efficiently deliver the mRNA to antigen-presenting cells, the effect of lipid composition on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of mRNA/LNP vaccines is not well characterized. Studies on using the mRNA/LNP platform for vaccines have largely focused on the nucleic acid cargo with less attention paid to the LNP vehicle.

Development of a Recombinant Fusion Vaccine Candidate Against Lethal Neurotoxin Types A and B.

Background: Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by , are potent protein toxins that can cause botulism, which leads to death or neuroparalysis in humans by targeting the nervous system. BoNTs comprise three functional domains: a light-chain enzymatic domain (LC), a heavy-chain translocation domain (HC), and a heavy-chain receptor-binding domain (HC). The HC domain is critical for binding to neuronal cell membrane receptors and facilitating BoNT internalization via endocytosis.

Antigen Delivery Platforms for Next-Generation Coronavirus Vaccines.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is in its sixth year and is being maintained by the inability of current spike-alone-based COVID-19 vaccines to prevent transmission leading to the continuous emergence of variants and sub-variants of concern (VOCs). This underscores the critical need for next-generation broad-spectrum pan-Coronavirus vaccines (pan-CoV vaccine) to break this cycle and end the pandemic. The development of a pan-CoV vaccine offering protection against a wide array of VOCs requires two key elements: (1) identifying protective antigens that are highly conserved between passed, current, and future VOCs; and (2) developing a safe and efficient antigen delivery system for induction of broad-based and long-lasting B- and T-cell immunity.

Effects of Annealing Conditions on the Catalytic Performance of Anodized Tin Oxide for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction.

The electrochemical reduction of CO (CORR) to value-added products has garnered significant interest as a sustainable solution to mitigate CO emissions and harness renewable energy sources. Among CORR products, formic acid/formate (HCOOH/HCOO) is particularly attractive due to its industrial relevance, high energy density, and potential candidate as a liquid hydrogen carrier. This study investigates the influence of the initial oxidation state of tin on CORR performance using nanostructured SnO catalysts.