Distinct Urinary Metabolite Signatures Mirror In Vivo Oxidative Stress-Related Radiation Responses in Mice.

Exposure to ionizing radiation disrupts metabolic pathways and causes oxidative stress, which can lead to organ damage. In this study, urinary metabolites from mice exposed to high-dose and low-dose whole-body irradiation (WBI HDR, WBI LDR) or partial-body irradiation (PBI BM2.5) were analyzed using targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches.

Essential Oils from Citrus Peels Promote Calcium Overload-Induced Calcicoptosis in U251 Cells.

Citrus peel essential oils (CPEOs) have demonstrated substantial medicinal potential for glioblastoma treatment because of their extensive antitumor effects, low potential for drug resistance, and ability to cross the human blood-brain barrier. In this study, the chemical compositions of five CPEOs were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). CCK8 assays were used to evaluate the ability of five CPEOs to inhibit U251 human glioblastoma cells, and XLB and RA were selected for further investigation.

Biochemical, Histological, and Multi-Omics Analyses Reveal the Molecular and Metabolic Mechanisms of Cold Stress Response in the Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle ().

The Chinese soft-shelled turtle (), a type of warm-water reptile, is frequently chosen as the model animal to understand how organisms respond to environmental stressors. However, the responsive mechanism of to natural cold stress is unclear, especially in terms of metabolic pattern and molecular pathways. Herein, plasma biochemical, hepatic morphological, apoptotic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic detection methods were performed to investigate the response of to acute cold stress.

FAM98 Family Proteins Play Distinct Roles in Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption.

There are three FAM98 family proteins (FAM98A/B/C) in humans and mice. Their physiological functions remain largely unknown. We have previously reported that Fam98a interacts with Plekhm1 in murine osteoclasts and functions in lysosome trafficking/secretion and bone resorption in osteoclasts in vitro.

Optimal Vase Solution for Cut Flower Keeping Fresh by Activating SA and Cytokinin Signaling and Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species.

Gerbera () is a popular cut flower on the market, so extending its vase life (VL) is an important goal in the horticultural industry. The aim of this study was to improve the freshness of gerbera cut flowers through the optimal solution (OS) and to analyze its preservation mechanism. We used chitosan (COS), calcium chloride (CaCl), and citric acid (CA) as the main ingredients of the vase solution and determined the OS ratio of 104 mg/L of COS, 92 mg/L of CA, and 93 mg/L of CaCl using the Box-Behnken design-response surface method (BBD-RSM).

Impact of Soybean Bioactive Peptides on Growth, Lipid Metabolism, Antioxidant Ability, Molecular Responses, and Gut Microbiota of Oriental River Prawn () Fed with a Low-Fishmeal Diet.

The substitution of fishmeal with high-level soybean meal in the diet of crustaceans usually induces lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in the hepatopancreas. Therefore, it is essential to alleviate these adverse effects. In the present study, SBPs were used to alleviate the negative effects of a fishmeal decrease on the growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota of oriental river prawn () in an 8-week feeding trial.

Antarctic Toothfish in the South Orkney Islands: Using Otolith Chemistry to Test Current Hypotheses About Nursery Areas and Demographic Units.

We used otolith chemistry to test and complement current hypotheses regarding habitat use and connectivity between sub-populations in Area 48 of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). Sagittal otoliths from 45 fish sampled near the South Orkney Islands were analysed. Their elemental (Li, Na, Mg, Cr, Mn, Sr, Sn, and Ba relative to Ca) and isotopic (δO and δC) signatures were examined in both the nuclear and marginal regions, representing juvenile and adult stages.

Increasing Serious Illness Conversations in Patients at High Risk of One-Year Mortality Using Improvement Science: A Quality Improvement Study.

Serious illness conversation (SIC) in an important skillset for clinicians. A review of mortality meetings from an urban academic hospital highlighted the need for early engagement in SICs and advance care planning (ACP) to align medical treatments with patient-centered outcomes. The aim of this study was to increase SICs and their documentation in patients with low one-year survival probability identified by updated Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores.

Neighborhood Violence Exposure and Alcohol and Tobacco Use Initiation Among Ethnic Minority Adolescents.

Although the extant literature has recognized the importance of neighborhood contexts for adolescent alcohol and tobacco use, less is known about the effects of exposure to neighborhood violence on the prevalence and timing of initiation across gender and race/ethnic groups. This secondary analysis of administrative and survey data from a natural experiment in Denver examines the influence of neighborhood contexts on the health and well-being of 1100 Latino/a and African American adolescents. Cox Proportional Hazard models were used to (1) estimate the effects of exposure to neighborhood violence on the prevalence and timing of adolescent alcohol and tobacco use initiation; (2) examine gender and race/ethnic variations in alcohol and tobacco use initiation after controlling for adolescent, caregiver, household, and other neighborhood characteristics; and (3) test for threshold effects.

Exploring Literacy and Knowledge Gaps and Disparities in Genetics and Oncogenomics Among Cancer Patients and the General Population: A Scoping Review.

Background: Genetic and genomic literacy is pivotal in empowering cancer patients and citizens to navigate the complexities of omics sciences, resolve misconceptions surrounding clinical research and genetic/genomic testing, and make informed decisions about their health. In a fast-evolving scenario where routine testing has become widespread in healthcare, this scoping review sought to pinpoint existing gaps in literacy and understanding among cancer patients and the general public regarding genetics and genomics.

Methods: Adhering to the PRISMA framework, the review included 43 studies published between January 2018 and June 2024, which evaluated the understanding of genetics and genomics among cancer patients, caregivers, and citizens.

Clinical Utility of an Alzheimer's Disease Blood Test Among Cognitively Impaired Patients: Results from the Quality Improvement PrecivityAD2 (QUIP II) Clinician Survey Study.

: The objective of this study was to assess clinical decision-making associated with the use of a multi-analyte blood biomarker (BBM) test among patients presenting with signs or symptoms of mild cognitive impairment or dementia. : The Quality Improvement PrecivityAD2 (QUIP II) Clinician Survey (NCT06025877) study evaluated the clinical utility of the PrecivityAD2™ blood test in a prospective, single cohort of 203 patients presenting with symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other causes of cognitive decline across 12 memory specialists. The PrecivityAD2 blood test (C2N Diagnostics, St.

Effects of Different Voided Urine Sample Storage Time, Temperature, and Preservatives on Analysis with Multiplex Bead-Based Oncuria Bladder Cancer Immunoassay.

Urinalysis accuracy requires reliable sample stability that is dependent on the chosen collection and storage conditions. The multiplex Oncuria bladder cancer immunoassay currently needs urine samples stored at 4 °C until analysis, which requires more effort, equipment, and workflow than storing samples at room temperature. Thus, successful sample storage at room temperature (20 °C) may reduce laboratory handling time and expenses.

Radiomics for Predicting the Development of Brain Edema from Normal-Appearing Early Brain-CT After Cardiac Arrest and Return of Spontaneous Circulation.

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) is a feared complication post-cardiac arrest (CA). The timing of brain imaging remains a topic of ongoing debate. Early computed tomography (CT) scans can reveal acute intracranial pathologies but may have limited predictive value due to delayed manifestation of HIBI-related changes.

Adaptive Evolutionary Optimization of Deep Learning Architectures for Focused Liver Ultrasound Image Segmentation.

Liver ultrasound segmentation is challenging due to low image quality and variability. While deep learning (DL) models have been widely applied for medical segmentation, generic pre-configured models may not meet the specific requirements for targeted areas in liver ultrasound. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is emerging as a promising tool for liver fat measurement; however, accurately segmenting regions of interest within liver ultrasound images remains a challenge.

Seasonal Changes in the Elemental Composition of Five Valuable Fish Species () from Bozcaada, North Aegean Sea: A Health Risk and Nutritional Benefit Assessment.

This study investigates the seasonal variations in the elemental composition of five economically valuable fish species from Bozcaada, North Aegean: red seabream (), gilthead seabream (), saddled seabream (), white seabream (), and common dentex (), with a focus on both essential minerals and toxic metals. Fish samples ( = 10 per species per season) were collected across four seasons, and their weights and lengths were recorded. The concentrations of elements such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, chromium, nickel, selenium, cadmium, and mercury were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Composite Flours Based on Black Lentil Seeds and Sprouts with Nutritional, Phytochemical and Rheological Impact on Bakery/Pastry Products.

This paper aimed to study the nutritional, phytochemical and rheological properties of some composite flours based on wheat flour (WF) mixed with non-germinated (LF) and sprouted lentil flour (SLF), in order to fortify the wheat flour and to obtain functional bakery/pastry products. The composite flours based on wheat flour and bean lentil flour (BLWF) and sprouted lentil flour (SLWF) were analyzed from the point of view of proximate composition (proteins, lipids, total carbohydrates, and minerals), content of individual and total polyphenols (TPC), as well as the contents of macro and microelements. For use in baking/pastries, the composite flours were tested from the point of view of rheological behavior using the MIXOLAB system, and the profiles obtained were compared with those of bread and biscuit.

Coffee Pulp from Azores: A Novel Phytochemical-Rich Food with Potential Anti-Diabetic Properties.

Coffee pulp, a by-product of wet coffee processing, shows significant potential in the food and health domains, but its real applications remain underexplored. This work investigated the chemical composition and bioactive properties of coffee pulp from São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal). The studied coffee pulp exhibited high fiber content (52% dw), mostly insoluble; notable mineral levels (10.

Optimisation of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Total Phenolics and Flavonoids Content from .

(CA), known for its health-promoting properties, is rich in bioactive compounds. This study optimised ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters to maximise total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) using the response surface methodology (RSM). Ethanol concentration and solvent volume significantly influenced TPC and TFC yields ( < 0.

Ex Vivo, In Vitro and In Vivo Bone Health Properties of Grana Padano Cheese.

Grana Padano (GP) is an Italian hard cooked cheese characterized by a long ripening process and high protein and Ca contents. After in vitro static simulated gastrointestinal digestion, GP digest contained caseinophosphopeptides that were 6 to 24 amino acids in length, including tri-phosphorylated species incorporating the pSer-pSer-pSer-Glu-Glu cluster. Using rat ileum tissue, the digest was used to assess Ca absorption ex vivo, which showed significantly better results for the GP digest in comparison to the CaCO aqueous solution.

Comprehensive Characterization of the Odor-Active Compounds in Different Processed Varieties of Yunnan White Tea () by GC×GC-O-MS and Chemometrics.

This study investigates the aroma characterization of unique white tea varieties from the Lüchun county of Yunnan province, Mainland China. These include shaken, unshaken, steam-cooked, and compressed varieties. The aroma profile of white tea varieties was analyzed using two-dimensional gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC×GC-O-MS), electronic nose (e-nose), and descriptive sensory evaluation.

Altitude-Driven Variations in Nutritional, Bioactive, and Mineral Profiles of Hawthorn ( spp.).

Hawthorn ( spp.), a plant widely distributed in temperate and subtropical regions, is valued for its bioactive compounds and diverse health benefits. Known for its remarkable adaptability to various environmental conditions, hawthorn thrives across different altitudes, but these environmental factors, particularly altitude, significantly influence the accumulation of its bioactive substances.

Citric Acid Improves Egg White Protein Foaming Characteristics and Meringue 3D Printing Performance.

Meringue has limited the use of meringue for personalization because of its thermally unstable system. Citric acid (CA) enhancement of egg white protein (EWP) foaming properties is proposed for the preparation of 3D-printed meringues. The results showed that CA increased the viscosity, exposure of hydrophobic groups (79.

Quantitative Analysis of Flavonoids and Coumarins from Fingered Citron in Different Growth Periods and Their Regulatory Effects on Oxidative Stress.

Twenty-two coumarins and twenty-six flavonoids were quantitated in fingered citron in different growth periods. Limettin was the top coumarin, and diosmin was the highest flavonoid, followed by hesperidin. Antioxidant evaluation by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP indicated extracts of fingered citron in three growth periods all showed good antioxidant activity, which was positively correlated with the concentration of extracts.

Biological Functions and Health Benefits of Flavonoids in Fruits and Vegetables: A Contemporary Review.

Flavonoids, being prevalent in fruits and vegetables, are essential to the diverse stages of plant growth, development, and storage. Furthermore, flavonoids have been shown to exert substantial beneficial effects on human health, prompting heightened scientific interest in their potential advantages. This review elucidates the functions of flavonoids in fruits and vegetables, confirming their position as natural sources of these compounds, despite the differences in type and concentration among various species.

Nutritional, Phytochemical, and Antimicrobial Properties of Leaves: Implications for Health Benefits and Food Applications.

Background: Papaya leaves (PLs) are known for their therapeutic benefits and traditional use in treating inflammation, infections, and various health conditions. Rich in bioactive compounds, PLs are studied for their potential applications in functional foods. This study analyzed their nutritional, phytochemical, structural, thermal, and antimicrobial properties to evaluate their role as a health-promoting ingredient.