Transcriptome analysis of novel B16 melanoma metastatic variants generated by serial intracarotid artery injection.

The incidence of brain metastases (BrM) in patients with metastatic melanoma is reported to be 30-50% and constitutes the third most frequent BrM after breast and renal cancers. Treatment strategies including surgical resection, stereotactic radiation, and immunotherapy have improved clinical response rates and overall survival, but the changes that occur in circulating melanoma cells to promote invasion of the brain are not fully understood. To investigate brain tropism, we generated new variants of the B16 mouse melanoma model by serially passaging B16 cells through the brain of immune competent syngeneic C57BL/6 mice.

Impact of "Enhanced Recovery After Surgery" (ERAS) protocols vs. traditional perioperative care on patient outcomes after colorectal surgery: a systematic review.

Background: Colorectal surgery is associated with a high risk of postoperative complications, including technical complications, surgical site infections, and other adverse events affecting patient safety and overall patient experience. "Enhanced Recovery After Surgery" (ERAS) is considered a new standard of care for streamlining the perioperative care of surgical patients with the goal of minimizing complications and optimizing timely patient recovery after surgery. This systematic review was designed to investigate the evidence-based literature pertinent to comparing patient outcomes after ERAS versus conventional perioperative care.

Identification of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Inhibitors by Cheminformatics Approach.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an essential enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), a critical glucose metabolism pathway linked to cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Inhibiting the PPP presents a promising approach to cancer treatment. The G6PD enzyme structure was obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB).

Low dose DNA methyltransferase inhibitors potentiate PARP inhibitors in homologous recombination repair deficient tumors.

Background: Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase inhibitors are approved for treatment of tumors with BRCA1/2 and other homologous recombination repair (HRR) mutations. However, clinical responses are often not durable and treatment may be detrimental in advanced cancer due to excessive toxicities. Thus we are seeking alternative therapeutics to enhance PARP-directed outcomes.

Use of implementation logic models in the Quadruple Aim QUERI: conceptualization and evolution.

Background: Implementation strategies are essential to deliver evidence-based programs that align with local context, resources, priorities, and preferences. However, it is not always clear how specific strategies are selected (vs. others) and strategies are not always operationalized clearly, distinctly, and dynamically.

Adverse childhood experiences and post-traumatic stress impacts on brain connectivity and alcohol use in adolescence.

The current study investigated the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, within-network resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC), and alcohol use during adolescence using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence study (NCANDA;  = 687). Significant rs-FC differences emerged that linked participant ACEs, PTSD symptoms, and alcohol use problems. Participants with ACEs compared to those without had diminished rs-FC within the default mode, salience, and medial frontoparietal networks ( ≤ 0.

Hopping kinetic differences in masters runners with and without Achilles tendinopathy.

Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is the most common running-related pathology among masters runners. Previous evidence suggests there are no differences in submaximal running biomechanics between masters runners with and without AT. Evidence suggests lower extremity power deficits are common among ageing individuals and those with AT.

Real-world outcomes of first-line maintenance niraparib monotherapy in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.

Aims: To assess real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) and time to next treatment (rwTTNT) among patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) who received first-line maintenance (1LM) niraparib monotherapy.

Patients & Methods: In this US-nationwide, electronic health record-derived, deidentified database study, eligible patients with EOC initiated 1LM niraparib monotherapy (1 January 2017-1 December 2022) following first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Median rwPFS and rwTTNT were estimated with Kaplan-Meier methodology overall and in a homologous recombination-deficient (HRd) subgroup (further stratified as wild-type [wt] or -mutated [m]).

Examining the perspectives of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) specialists on conducting AAC evaluations with people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis via telehealth.

The purpose of this study was to explore what speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who are AAC specialists see as advantages and disadvantages of providing AAC services via telehealth, how well tele-AAC assessments align with guidelines for in-person assessments, and how SLPs' perspectives of tele-AAC services changed post-COVID. Fifteen SLPs who are AAC specialists and experienced working with people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis watched videos of speech generating device (SGD) assessments conducted via telehealth for eight people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Using a checklist based on the AAC Clinical Assessment Project (AAC-CAP), the SLPs rated how comparable remote assessment was to in-person assessment, and described advantages and challenges.

Random noise promotes slow heterogeneous synaptic dynamics important for robust working memory computation.

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) based on model neurons that communicate via continuous signals have been widely used to study how cortical neural circuits perform cognitive tasks. Training such networks to perform tasks that require information maintenance over a brief period (i.e.

The effects of admission hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus on mechanical thrombectomy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The impact of certain comorbidities on mechanical thrombectomy (MT) outcomes remains largely unexplored. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and admission hyperglycemia have been associated with poor clinical outcomes for patients treated with MT. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of DM and admission hyperglycemia on MT outcomes.

A perspective on the use of patient-reported experience and patient-reported outcome measures in ambulatory healthcare.

Introduction: Patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) are patient reports about their healthcare, whereas patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are reports about their functioning and well-being regarding physical, mental, and social health. We provide a perspective on using PREMs and PROMs in ambulatory healthcare.

Areas Covered: We conducted a narrative review of the literature about using PREMs and PROMs in research and clinical practice, identified challenges and possibilities for addressing them, and provided suggestions for future research and clinical practice.

How to Provide Additional Oversight to Ensure That Remote Patient Monitoring for People With Diabetes is Being Used and Billed Appropriately.

An Office of the Inspector General (OIG) report on September 19, 2024, highlighted the need for additional oversight of remote patient monitoring (RPM), which is covered by Medicare. OIG noted that Medicare claims frequently lack crucial information that would facilitate proper oversight. While Medicare has published guidelines for reimbursement according to RPM billing codes, greater clarity is needed to avoid inadvertent improper billing practices.

The "CUPCAKE" technique (coiled underlying pseudoaneurysm contained by a woven endobridge device) for treating intracranial aneurysms with atypical morphology.

Background: Intrasaccular flow diversion using the woven endobridge device (WEB; MicroVention, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA) for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms has demonstrated large scale safety and efficacy. However, limitations arise from its structural configuration, restricting its application to specific aneurysm sizes and shapes.

Technique Overview: We introduce the CUPCAKE technique, a combination of conventional coiling followed by WEB intrasaccular flow disruption in select cases of atypical aneurysms with technically challenging morphology not typically treatable by WEB alone.

Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Changes in Acinetobacter baumannii in Rich and Minimal Growth Mediums.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that is often studied in commonly used rich media in laboratories worldwide. Due to the metabolic versatility of A. baumannii, it can be cultured in different growth mediums; however, this can lead to genotypic and phenotypic variations.

Genomic characterization of pathotype diversity and drug resistance among generic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens in Canada.

Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterium that is ubiquitous in animals and humans, with some strains capable of causing disease. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative genomic analysis of 2,732 generic E. coli isolates that were recovered from poultry samples collected from six regions in Canada as part of the National Microbiological Baseline study in Broiler Chicken.

Assays to Enhance Metabolic Phenotyping in the Kidney.

The kidney is highly metabolically active, and injury induces changes in metabolism that can impact repair and fibrosis progression. Changes in expression of metabolism-related genes and proteins provide valuable data, but functional metabolic assays are critical to confirm changes in metabolic activity. Stable isotope metabolomics are the gold standard, but these involve considerable cost and specialized expertise.

Baseline Participant Characteristics are Associated With Engagement in a Movement-Based RCT for Chronic Low-Back Pain.

Purpose: Examine whether baseline participant characteristics predict engagement in a movement-based RCT for chronic low back pain (CLBP).

Design: Longitudinal study within an RCT.

Setting: Online.

Real-world ePRO use and clinical outcomes using electronic patient-reported symptom monitoring for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer receiving first-line pembrolizumab.

This ambispective observational study assessed the impact of Noona, an electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) platform, for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated in a community oncology setting. Adults with advanced NSCLC, ECOG performance status of 0-2, who received first-line (1L) pembrolizumab (monotherapy or with chemotherapy) were eligible. Those initiating pembrolizumab from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2019, identified retrospectively (historical cohort), were compared with those initiating pembrolizumab from 1 October 2019 to 30 September 2021 who were prospectively offered Noona (standard of care [SoC] cohort).

Parental Factors Associated With Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination in US Children Younger Than 5 Years.

To determine the association between parental characteristics and MMR (measles-mumps- rubella) vaccination status of children in the United States. We conducted a cross-sectional study from July 2023 to April 2024 using a digital health survey via OutbreaksNearMe, weighted to target national population characteristics. We analyzed the responses of 19 892 parents of children younger than 5 years to examine the association between self-reported parental characteristics (i.

p-Type BiVO for Solar O Reduction to HO.

Photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) can directly utilize solar energy to drive chemical reactions to produce fuels and chemicals. Oxide-based photoelectrodes in general exhibit enhanced stability against photocorrosion, which is a critical advantage for building a sustainable PEC. However, most oxide-based semiconductors are n-type, and p-type oxides that can be used as photocathodes are limited.

Distinct myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations in human glioblastoma.

The role of glioma-associated myeloid cells in tumor growth and immune evasion remains poorly understood. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of immune and tumor cells from 33 gliomas, identifying two distinct myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) populations in isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type (IDT-WT) glioblastoma: an early progenitor MDSC (E-MDSC) population with up-regulation of metabolic and hypoxia pathways and a monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) population. Spatial transcriptomics demonstrated that E-MDSCs geographically colocalize with metabolic stem-like tumor cells in the pseudopalisading region.