Ten-Year Trends in Clinician Well-Being and Burnout Among Oncology Fellows in Training: An ASCO State of Cancer Care in America Study.

Purpose: To better understand burnout in oncology and clinician well-being along the career continuum starting with training, we sought to characterize the professional well-being of physicians training in medical oncology in 2023 and to identify trends over time comparing to fellows from a decade prior.

Methods: All US medical oncology fellows taking the 2023 ASCO Medical Oncology In-Training Exam (ITE) were invited to complete an optional post-exam survey evaluating fatigue, satisfaction with work-life integration (WLI), emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. 2023 ITE survey responses were compared to the 2013 ASCO post-ITE survey (n=1345).

Helping authors produce FAIR taxonomic data: evaluation of an author-driven phenotype data production prototype.

It is well-known that the use of vocabulary in phenotype treatments is often inconsistent. An earlier survey of biologists who create or use phenotypic characters revealed that this lack of standardization leads to ambiguities, frustrating both the consumers and producers of phenotypic data. Such ambiguities are challenging for biologists, and more so for Artificial Intelligence, to resolve.

The Southern Brazilian Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (SBR-AF Registry): Predictors of Atrial Arrhythmia Recurrence after First-Time Catheter Ablation.

Background: Treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) with catheter ablation (CA) has evolved significantly. However, real-world data on long-term outcomes are limited, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

Objective: This multicenter prospective cohort of consecutive patients aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of first-time CA for AF in Southern Brazil from 2009 to 2024.

Targeting AXL inhibits the growth and metastasis of prostate cancer in bone.

Purpose: After failing primary and secondary hormonal therapy, castration-resistant and neuroendocrine prostate cancer metastatic to the bone is invariably lethal, although treatment with docetaxel and carboplatin can modestly improve survival. Therefore, agents targeting biologically relevant pathways in PCa and potentially synergizing with docetaxel and carboplatin in inhibiting bone metastasis growth are urgently needed.

Experimental Design: Phosphorylated (activated) AXL expression in human prostate cancer bone metastases was assessed by immunohistochemical staining.

Prior vaccination prevents overactivation of innate immune responses during COVID-19 breakthrough infection.

At this stage in the COVID-19 pandemic, most infections are "breakthrough" infections that occur in individuals with prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure. To refine long-term vaccine strategies against emerging variants, we examined both innate and adaptive immunity in breakthrough infections. We performed single-cell transcriptomic, proteomic, and functional profiling of primary and breakthrough infections to compare immune responses from unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals during the SARS-CoV-2 Delta wave.

Dog skull shape challenges assumptions of performance specialization from selective breeding.

Through selective breeding, humans have driven exceptional morphological diversity in domestic dogs, creating more than 200 recognized breeds developed for specialized functional tasks such as herding, protection, and hunting. Here, we use three-dimensional reconstructions of dog skulls to ask whether these function-oriented kennel-club groups reflect differences in morphology that correspond to those functions. We analyzed 117 canid skulls, representing 40 domestic dog breeds and 18 wild subspecies, using geometric morphometric techniques and -means clustering.

Climate change aggravates bird mortality in pristine tropical forests.

Stable understory microclimates within undisturbed rainforests are often considered refugia against climate change. However, this assumption contrasts with emerging evidence of Neotropical bird population declines in intact rainforests. We assessed the vulnerability of resident rainforest birds to climatic variability, focusing on dry season severity characterized by hotter temperatures and reduced rainfall.

Variable vertical land motion and its impacts on sea level rise projections.

Coastal vertical land motion (VLM), including uplift and subsidence, can greatly alter relative sea level projections and flood mitigations plans. Yet, current projection frameworks, such as the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, often underestimate VLM by relying on regional linear estimates. Using high-resolution (90-meter) satellite data from 2015 to 2023, we provide local VLM estimates for California and assess their contribution to sea level rise both now and in future.

Vascularization of human islets by adaptable endothelium for durable and functional subcutaneous engraftment.

Tissue-specific endothelial cells (ECs) are critical for the homeostasis of pancreatic islets and most other tissues. In vitro recapitulation of islet biology and therapeutic islet transplantation both require adequate vascularization, which remains a challenge. Using human reprogrammed vascular ECs (R-VECs), human islets were functionally vascularized in vitro, demonstrating responsive, dynamic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and Ca influx.

The case against machine vision for the control of wearable robotics: Challenges for commercial adoption.

Deploying machine vision for wearable robot control faces challenges in terms of usability, reliability, privacy, and costs.

Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexota cooperate to structure light-responsive biofilms.

Microbial mats are stratified communities often dominated by unicellular and filamentous phototrophs within an exopolymer matrix. It is challenging to quantify the dynamic responses of community members in situ as they experience steep gradients and rapid fluctuations of light. To address this, we developed a binary consortium using two representative isolates from hot spring mats: the unicellular oxygenic phototrophic cyanobacterium OS-B' (Syn OS-B') and the filamentous anoxygenic phototroph MS-CIW-1 (Chfl MS-1).

Environmental fate and aquatic risk assessment of oxyfluorfen in California rice fields.

The herbicide oxyfluorfen [OXY; 2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] recently emerged as a potential solution to combat herbicide resistance in California rice. Proposed as a preemergent applied preflood to soil, products are in development for use with OXY-tolerant rice strains. Currently, OXY is not registered for use with rice and its use in or near aquatic resources is restricted due to its high aquatic toxicity.

Heterogeneity analysis provides evidence for a genetically homogeneous subtype of bipolar-disorder.

Background: Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a complex disease. It is heterogeneous, both at the phenotypic and genetic level, although the extent and impact of this heterogeneity is not fully understood. One way to assess this heterogeneity is to look for patterns in the subphenotype data.

NADPH oxidase derived ROS promote arterial contraction in early postnatal rats by activation of L-type voltage-gated Ca channels.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase promote contraction of peripheral arteries, which is especially pronounced in early postnatal period in comparison to adulthood, but the mechanisms of such vasomotor influence are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that Rho-kinase and protein kinase C (PKC) mediate procontractile influence of NADPH oxidase derived ROS in peripheral artery of early postnatal rats. In addition, we evaluated the involvement Src-kinase and L-type voltage-gated Ca channels (LTCC) into procontractile influence of ROS, produced by NADPH oxidase, because of their known interplay with Rho-kinase and PKC pathways.

Measuring STEM Instructors' Learning of and Growth in Inclusive Teaching: Development and Evaluation of the STEM Faculty Inclusive Teaching Survey (FITS).

There is a growing emphasis for professional development programs that teach instructors about inclusive Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) practices and the impact of instructor and student identities on these practices. As instructors implement these practices, there is a need for instructors, departments, and faculty developers to measure instructor progress and to help identify next steps in improving inclusive STEM teaching. This study describes the development of the Faculty Inclusive Teaching Survey (FITS) using scale-development theory, frameworks using Clarke and Hollingsworth's interconnected model of professional growth and Dewsbury's Deep Teaching model, and higher-education STEM, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, and professional development literature.

Empathy and psychological outcomes in informal caregivers of community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Scholars have increasingly recognized the crucial role that empathy plays as informal caregivers provide unpaid care to their older family and friends (i.e., care recipients).

Natural Language Processing Identifies Under-Documentation of Symptoms in Patients on Hemodialysis.

Background: Patients on hemodialysis (HD) have a high burden of emotional and physical symptoms. These symptoms are often under-recognized. NLP can be used to identify patient symptoms from the EHR.

Understanding Health-Related Discussions on Reddit: Development of a Topic Assignment Method and Exploratory Analysis.

Background: Social media has become a widely used way for people to share opinions about health care and medical topics. Social media data can be leveraged to understand patient concerns and provide insight into why patients may turn to the internet instead of the health care system for health advice.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a method to investigate Reddit posts discussing health-related conditions.

How Do the Valency and Radii of Cations Affect the Rheological Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Zwitterionic and Anionic Surfactant Mixtures?

Despite extensive research on the use of salts to enhance micellar growth, numerous questions remain regarding the impact of ionic exchange and molecular structure on charge neutralization. This study looks into how certain cations (Na, Ca, and Mg) affect the structure of a cocamidopropyl betaine CAPB and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate SDBS surfactant mixture, aiming toward applications in targeted delivery systems. The mixture consists of a zwitterionic surfactant, cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), and an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), combined in varying molar ratios at a total concentration of 200 mM.

In Vitro Culturing Technique for Studying Cellular Dynamics in Zebrafish Scales.

Zebrafish scales offer a variety of advantages for use in standard laboratories for teaching and research purposes. Scales are easily collected without the need for euthanasia, regenerate within a couple of weeks, and are translucent and small, allowing them to be viewed using a standard microscope. Zebrafish scales are especially useful in educational environments, as they provide a unique opportunity for students to engage in hands-on learning experiences, particularly in understanding cellular dynamics and in vitro culturing methods.

Establishment of a Mouse Model with Cough Hypersensitivity via Inhalation of Citric Acid.

Cough is one of the most common symptoms of many respiratory diseases. Chronic cough significantly impacts quality of life and imposes a considerable economic burden. Increased cough sensitivity is a pathophysiological hallmark of chronic cough.