Analysis of TEM micrographs with deep learning reveals APOE genotype-specific associations between HDL particle diameter and Alzheimer's dementia.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle diameter distribution is informative in the diagnosis of many conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, obtaining an accurate HDL size measurement is challenging. We demonstrated the utility of measuring the diameter of more than 1,800,000 HDL particles with the deep learning model YOLOv7 (you only look once) from micrographs of 183 HDL samples, including patients with dementia or normal cognition (controls).

Toward cognitive models of misophonia.

Misophonia is a disorder in which specific common sounds such as another person breathing or chewing, or the ticking of a clock, cause an atypical negative emotional response. Affected individuals may experience anger, irritability, annoyance, disgust, and anxiety, as well as physiological autonomic responses, and may find everyday environments and contexts to be unbearable in which their 'misophonic stimuli' (often called 'trigger sounds') are present. Misophonia is gradually being recognized as a genuine problem that causes significant distress and has negative consequences for individuals and their families.

Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: interim analysis results from the phase IIIb AMETHISTA trial.

Background: The treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with atezolizumab and bevacizumab led to significant improvements in overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and response rate compared with sorafenib in the phase III IMbrave150 trial. The etiology of background liver disease can differ between Eastern and Western populations, leading to a potentially different impact of systemic therapies; therefore the unequal representation must be considered in the IMbrave150 trial. To provide further data on the safety and effectiveness of atezolizumab and bevacizumab, the phase IIIb AMETHISTA (Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in METastatic HCC Italian Safety TriAl) ran in a Western (Italian) population of patients with advanced HCC.

Spatiotemporal distribution of marine aerosols and gaseous species over the North Pacific Ocean.

Observational studies of marine aerosols are essential for understanding the global aerosol budget and its environmental impacts. This study presents simultaneous in-situ measurements of major ionic components (Cl, NO, SO, NH, K, Ca, Na, and Mg) in aerosols and gaseous species (HCl, HNO, HONO, SO, and NH) over the North Pacific Ocean from July 4 to 15 and September 19 to October 3, 2022. Using high temporal resolution instruments aboard the Republic of Korea's icebreaker research vessel Araon, this study aimed to (1) report the spatial and temporal distributions of aerosols and gaseous species, (2) estimate the source contributions of continental anthropogenic pollutants, and (3) assess the influence of aerosol chemical composition and gaseous species on aerosol acidity and water content.

Has the documentation of chest injuries and the development of systemic complications in patients with long bone fractures changed over time?-A systematic literature review and meta-analysis by the IMPACT expert group.

Introduction: Blunt chest trauma represents a major risk factor for complications in polytrauma patients. Various scoring systems have emerged, but their impact is not fully appreciated. This review evaluates changes in chest trauma scoring over time and potential shifts in complication rates linked to modified surgical approaches in long bone fractures.

Radiofrequency-thermocoagulation in pediatric epilepsy surgery: A systematic review and pooled analysis of cases.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review on radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF-TC) in pediatric epilepsy surgery. In addition, due to the low number of dedicated pediatric series, to conduct a pooled analysis of cases published in the literature.

Methods: We conducted a literature search using PUBMED and EMBASE which produced 432 results.

Degradation of antibiotic pollutants and simultaneous CO capture over hollow MnO/light/peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-CaO system.

Antibiotic organic pollutants not only pose a significant threat to human health but also generate a large amount of carbon dioxide (CO) during the treatment process of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Herein, the antibiotics aqueous solution was firstly degraded and mineralized by light-assisted peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation over hollow manganese dioxide (MnO) catalyst and then the corresponding released CO was effectively captured by calcium oxide (CaO) particles in the same sealed reactor, achieving wastewater treatment with zero carbon releasing. Under simulated light conditions, hollow MnO is excited to generate electron-hole pairs.

Management of advanced gallbladder adenocarcinoma: A case report and review of treatment strategies.

Introduction And Importance: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy, accounting for most biliary tract cancers. It typically presents at an advanced stage, leading to a poor prognosis, with a mean survival of six months and a five-year survival rate of 17.6 %.

Probiotics improve eggshell quality via regulating microbial composition in the uterine and cecum.

Probiotics benefit the health and production performance of chickens, but their impact on egg and eggshell quality, particularly in the later stage, remains unclear. Here, 1-day-old Tianfu green shell-laying hens were fed either non-probiotics feed (n = 180) or feed supplemented with 100 mg / kg probiotics (n = 180). 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that dietary probiotics decreased the distribution of uterine p_Firmicutes, g_Fusobacterium, and s_Fusobacterium_unclassified, while increased p_Proteobacteria, g_Ralstonia, and s_Ralstonia_unclassified.

Apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of calcium in wheat and soybean meal for growing quail chicks using direct method.

Calcium (Ca) is necessary for bone health and metabolic functions in poultry, however, the extent to which it can be utilized varies among feed ingredients. The goal of this study was to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of calcium in wheat and soybean meal (SBM) in young quail chicks using a direct method. Three dietary treatments were used in the experiment: a calcium-free basal diet to determine endogenous calcium losses, and two diets with either wheat or SBM as the primary calcium sources.

Palliative care utilization among head and neck cancer patients: A population-based analysis.

Purpose: Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients face substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite the potential benefits of palliative care (PC) in improving quality of life, many HNC patients do not receive these services. This study aimed to quantify the proportion of HNC patients receiving PC, the timing of PC referrals, and the mental health and clinical outcomes of this population.

Brown adipose tissue is associated with reduced weight loss and risk of cancer cachexia: A retrospective cohort study.

Background & Aims: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been mainly investigated as a potential target against cardiometabolic disease, but it has also been linked to cancer-related outcomes. Although preclinical data support that BAT and the thermogenic adipocytes in white adipose tissue may play an adverse role in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia, results from studies in patients have reported inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to examine the interrelationship between presence of detectable BAT, changes in body weight, and cachexia in patients with cancer.

Exploring factors influencing body acceptance in women with breast cancer: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Body acceptance in women with breast cancer is a crucial factor related to their physical, psychological health, and quality of life. However, research on the factors influencing body acceptance in this population is lacking. This study aims to identify these factors to provide insights for developing tailored interventions.

bneR: A collaborative workflow for air pollution exposure modeling and uncertainty characterization using the Bayesian Nonparametric Ensemble.

Background: Air pollution is a major public health threat globally. Health studies, regulatory actions, and policy evaluations typically rely on air pollutant concentrations from single exposure models, assuming accurate estimations and ignoring related uncertainty. We developed a modeling framework, bneR, to apply the Bayesian Nonparametric Ensemble (BNE) prediction model that combines existing exposure models as inputs to provide air pollution estimates and their spatio-temporal uncertainty.

Towards contrast-agnostic soft segmentation of the spinal cord.

Spinal cord segmentation is clinically relevant and is notably used to compute spinal cord cross-sectional area (CSA) for the diagnosis and monitoring of cord compression or neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. While several semi and automatic methods exist, one key limitation remains: the segmentation depends on the MRI contrast, resulting in different CSA across contrasts. This is partly due to the varying appearance of the boundary between the spinal cord and the cerebrospinal fluid that depends on the sequence and acquisition parameters.

Diagnostic accuracy of an automated classifier for the detection of pleural effusions in patients undergoing lung ultrasound.

Rationale: Lung ultrasound, the most precise diagnostic tool for pleural effusions, is underutilized due to healthcare providers' limited proficiency. To address this, deep learning models can be trained to recognize pleural effusions. However, current models lack the ability to diagnose effusions in diverse clinical contexts, which presents significant challenges.

Brain microenvironment-remodeling nanomedicine improves cerebral glucose metabolism, mitochondrial activity and synaptic function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

The development of disease-modifying therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease remains challenging due to the complex pathology and the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Previously we have described the investigation of a brain-penetrating multifunctional bioreactive nanoparticle system capable of remodeling the hypoxic and inflammatory brain microenvironment and reducing beta-amyloid plaques improving cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Despite the linkage of hypoxia and inflammation to metabolic alteration, the effects of this system on modulating cerebral glucose metabolism, mitochondrial activity and synaptic function remained to be elucidated.

Racism and the well-being of nurses of color: A scoping review.

Background: Structural disparities in the United States (U.S.) healthcare system negatively impact care access and quality for racial and ethnic minorities.

Discovery of novel thienopyridine indole derivatives as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization targeting the colchicine-binding site with potent anticancer activities.

Based on the molecular hybridization strategy, novel thienopyridine indole derivatives were designed and synthesized as tubulin polymerization inhibitors, and the in vitro antiproliferative potency on MGC-803, KYSE450 and HCT-116 cells was evaluated. Among them, compound 20b showed a broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity against 11 cancer cell lines, with IC values below 4 nmol/L. Notably, it demonstrated exceptional efficacy against MGC-803 (IC = 1.

Feasibility of a Mobile App-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Perinatal Skills Program: Protocol for Nonrandomized Pilot Trial.

Background: Mental illness is one of the top causes of preventable pregnancy-related deaths in the United States. There are many barriers that interfere with the ability of perinatal individuals to access traditional mental health care. Digital health interventions, including app-based programs, have the potential to increase access to useful tools for these individuals.

The Social Construction of Categorical Data: Mixed Methods Approach to Assessing Data Features in Publicly Available Datasets.

Background: In data-sparse areas such as health care, computer scientists aim to leverage as much available information as possible to increase the accuracy of their machine learning models' outputs. As a standard, categorical data, such as patients' gender, socioeconomic status, or skin color, are used to train models in fusion with other data types, such as medical images and text-based medical information. However, the effects of including categorical data features for model training in such data-scarce areas are underexamined, particularly regarding models intended to serve individuals equitably in a diverse population.

Comparative Postoperative Complications of Acellular Dermal Matrix and Mesh Use in Prepectoral and Subpectoral One-Stage Direct to Implant Reconstruction: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: One-stage direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction is increasingly popular with the use of prepectoral reconstruction leading to increased demand for structural scaffolds. It is vital to determine if differences in safety profiles exist among scaffolds.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients in our breast cancer center undergoing DTI reconstruction.

Structure-Based Virtual Screening Identifies 2-Arylthiazole-4-Carboxylic Acids as a Novel Class of Nanomolar Affinity Ligands for the CaMKIIα Hub Domain.

The Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMKIIα) plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal signaling and higher brain functions, being involved in various brain diseases. Utilization of small molecules targeting the CaMKIIα hub domain has proved to be a promising strategy for specific CaMKIIα modulation and future therapy. Through an structure-based virtual screening campaign, we herein identified 2-arylthiazole-4-carboxylic acids as a new class of high-affinity CaMKIIα hub ligands.

Phenomenological Description of the Experiences of Teenagers With Critically Ill Parents.

Background: Critical illness not only threatens the life of the patient but also may profoundly impact the lives of their loved ones. For teenagers with a critically ill parent, these impacts may have significant, developmentally impactful effects. A descriptive understanding of these effects may advance scholarly understanding of the challenges these teenagers face.