Fatty Acid Content and Profile in in Response to Exposure to Variable Growth Conditions in Indoor Photobioreactors.

Seaweed presents a sustainable alternative source of valuable fatty acids (FAs) involving omega-3 (-3) and omega-6 (). As such, there is great potential to reduce pressure on wild fish populations, helping to combat overfishing and its associated global impacts. This study explored the effect of various environmental factors on the FA content and profile of using indoor photobioreactors.

Associations of Voice Metrics with Postural Function in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: This study aimed to explore the potential associations between voice metrics of patients with PD and their motor symptoms.

Methods: Motor and vocal data including the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III), Harmonic-Noise Ratio (HNR), jitter, shimmer, and smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) were analyzed through exploratory correlations followed by univariate linear regression analyses. We employed these four voice metrics as independent variables and the total and sub-scores of the UPDRS-III as dependent variables.

Analysis of Clinically Symptomatic Patients to Differentiate Inflammatory Breast Cancer from Mastitis in Asian Women.

Purpose: To differentiate inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) from mastitis in Asian women presenting with symptoms of inflammation.

Methods: Between January 2012 and June 2024, 101 Asian women with symptoms of inflammation underwent breast ultrasound (US). Clinical and demographic data were extracted from patients' medical records.

Sulfur Analogs of the Core Formose Cycle: A Free Energy Map.

Using computational methods, we examine if the presence of HS can tame the unruly formose reaction by generating a free energy map of the reaction thermodynamics and kinetics of sulfur analogs within the core cycle. With mercaptoaldehyde as the linchpin C species, and feeding the cycle with CHO, selected aldol additions and enolizations are kinetically more favorable. Thione formation is thermodynamically less favored compared to aldehydes and ketones, but all these species can be connected by enolization reactions.

Experimental Investigation on Macroscopic and Microscopic Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer-Stabilized Macadam.

Geopolymer, as a promising inorganic binding material, holds potential for use in constructing base layers for highway pavements. This study aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of geopolymer-stabilized macadam (GSM) at both the micro- and macro-scale by a series of tests, demonstrating that high-Ca GSM is a high-quality material for pavement base layers. The results demonstrated that GSM exhibits outstanding mechanical and fatigue properties, significantly surpassing those of cement-stabilized macadam (CSM).

Sonochemical Functionalization of SiO Nanoparticles with Citric Acid and Monoethanolamine and Its Remarkable Effect on Antibacterial Activity.

Nanoparticles (NPs) are excellent antibacterial agents due to their ability to interact with microorganisms at the cellular level. However, their antimicrobial capacity can be limited by their tendency to agglomerate. Functionalizing NPs with suitable ligands improves their stability and dispersion in different media and enhances their antibacterial activity.

Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Thin Ceria and Phosphate Mono- and Multilayers Deposited on Technically Pure Al 1050.

Calcium phosphates are often used for biomedical applications. Hydroxyapatite, for example, has a wide range of applications because it mimics the mineral component of natural bone. Widespread interest in the catalytic properties of ceria is due to its use in automotive catalytic converters.

The Effect of Alumina-Rich Spinel Exsolution on the Mechanical Property of Calcium Aluminate Cement-Bonded Corundum Castables.

This study investigates the effect of the exsolution behavior of alumina-rich spinel on the formation and distribution of CA (CaAlO) in corundum castables bonded with calcium aluminate cement. In this study, alumina-rich spinel is substituted for tabular corundum in the same proportions and grain size. The matrices after curing were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).

Optimization of In-Situ Growth of Superconducting Al/InAs Hybrid Systems on GaAs for the Development of Quantum Electronic Circuits.

Hybrid systems consisting of highly transparent channels of low-dimensional semiconductors between superconducting elements allow the formation of quantum electronic circuits. Therefore, they are among the novel material platforms that could pave the way for scalable quantum computation. To this aim, InAs two-dimensional electron gases are among the ideal semiconductor systems due to their vanishing Schottky barrier; however, their exploitation is limited by the unavailability of commercial lattice-matched substrates.

Finite Element Simulation of Hot Rolling for Large-Scale AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless-Steel Slabs Using Industrial Rolling Schedules-Part 1: Set-Up, Optimization, and Validation of Numerical Model.

A growing need to reduce the environmental impact and cost of manufacturing stainless steels has led to the development of ferritic stainless steel as an alternative to austenitic and duplex steels. The development of new stainless steels involves the optimization of their hot rolling processes, with the aim of minimizing the occurrence of defects and improving productivity. In this context, numerical simulation using the finite element method (FEM) is presented as a key tool to reduce the time and cost associated with traditional trial-and-error optimization methods.

Equation for Calculation of Critical Current Density Using the Bean's Model with Self-Consistent Magnetic Units to Prevent Unit Conversion Errors.

This study analyzes the calculation of the critical current density by means of Bean's critical state model, using the equation formulated by Gyorgy et al. and other similar equations derived from it reported in the literature. While estimations of using Bean's model are widely performed, improper use of different equations with different magnetic units and pre-factors leads to confusion and to significant errors in the reported values of .

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-Pressure Die-Casting Mg-Al-RE Alloys with Minor Ca Addition.

With the increasing demand for magnesium (Mg) alloys with high strength and good ductility, this study explores high-pressure die-cast (HPDC) Mg-6Al-2RE (AE62), Mg-8Al-2RE (AE82) and Mg-8Al-2RE-0.2Ca (AEX820) alloys (wt. %).

The Influence of Alkali Metals on the Sintering Mineralization Process of Iron Ore.

To investigate the influence of alkali metal compounds in different forms on the sintering mineralization process of iron ore, the basic sintering characteristics of iron ore with alkali metal contents ranging from 0 to 4% were measured using the micro-sintering method, and the influence mechanism was analyzed using thermodynamic analysis and first-principles calculations. The results showed that (1) the addition of KCl/NaCl increased the lowest assimilation temperature (LAT) and the index of liquid-phase fluidity (ILF), while that of KCO/NaCO decreased the LAT but increased the ILF of iron ore. (2) The pores formed by the volatilization of KCl/NaCl suppressed the diffusion of Fe and Ca, which inhibited the formation of silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum (SFCA).

Morphological Comparisons of Adult Worker Bees Developed in Chinese and Italian Honey Bee Combs.

The size of comb cells is a key factor influencing the body size of honey bee workers. Comb cells and the body size of Chinese honey bee workers are smaller than those of Italian honey bee workers. To increase the size of Chinese honey bee workers, this study used newly built combs from Chinese honey bee colonies (control group) and Italian honey bee colonies (treatment group).

Interspecific Competition Between Riley and Hirst (Acari: Tetranychidae).

has long been recognized as an important spider mite pest of rubber trees. Recently, increasing damage from has elevated its importance as a key spider mite pest. These two species share highly overlapping ecological niches, with outbreaks strongly associated with high temperatures and drought stresses.

Reduction in Population After a Year-Long Application of Targeted Sterile Insect Releases in the West Valley Region of Southern California.

is of great public health concern because of its vectorial capacity to transmit various arboviruses such as Zika, yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya. In California, its expanding geographic distribution has been unrestrained. This urgently calls for innovative tools such as the use of sterile insect technique (SIT) to strengthen invasive control.

Impact of Comb Cell Diameter on Nectar Evaporation Efficiency in Honey Bees.

Honey bees transform nectar into honey through a combination of physical and chemical processes, with the physical process primarily involving the evaporation of excess water to concentrate the nectar. However, the factors affecting evaporation efficiency, such as evaporation duration, cell type, and bee species, remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to examine how these factors affect nectar evaporation efficiency during honey production.

Changes in Vertical Stratification of Neotropical Nymphalid Butterflies at Forest Edges Are Not Directly Caused by Light and Temperature Conditions.

Habitat fragmentation and land use changes threaten neotropical habitats and alter patterns of diversity at forest edges. Like other arthropod assemblages, neotropical fruit-feeding butterfly communities show strong vertical stratification within forests, with some recent work showing its potential role in speciation. At forest edges, species considered to be forest canopy specialists have been observed descending to the forest understory, with the similarity in light conditions between the canopy and understory strata at edges hypothesized to be responsible for this phenomenon.

Centrality of Hygienic Honey Bee Workers in Colony Social Networks.

Many social and environmental variables can affect the interactions among individuals in an insect colony that fundamentally structure its social organization. Along with important attributes such as age and caste, immunity-related factors such as the performance of sanitary tasks or exposure to a pathogen can also influence an individual's social interactions and their place in the resulting social network. Most work on this subject has supported the hypothesis that health-compromised individuals will exhibit altered social or spatial behavior that presumably limits the spread of infection.

Use of Relay Method for Enhancing Comb Construction by Utilizing .

Italian honey bees (IHBs, ) exhibit superior comb-building abilities compared with Chinese honey bees (CHBs, ), which often fail to fully utilize wax foundations, resulting in incomplete comb structures. The present study aimed to accelerate comb construction in CHB colonies using IHBs. In the experiment, IHB colonies, each with approximately 42,000 adult workers, required over four hours to construct a semi-drawn comb on CHB wax foundations.

Influences of Rearing Season, Host Plant, and Silkworm Species on Gut Bacterial Community.

The gut bacterial community plays many important roles in the production of nutrients and digestion. and (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) are two traditional sources of human food, as well as being silk-producing insects. In the present study, the influences of rearing season (spring and autumn), silkworm species ( and ), and host plant ( and ) on gut microbiota diversity were tested using Illumina MiSeq technology.

Fat Body Metabolome Revealed Glutamine Metabolism Pathway Involved in Prepupal Responding to Cold Stress.

Thermal condition affects the development and growth of ectotherms. The stenothermic honeybee brood, particularly the prepupae, are sensitive to low rearing temperature. The fat body plays important roles in energy reserve and metabolism during the honeybee brood development.

Dietary Quercetin Regulates Gut Microbiome Diversity and Abundance in (Hymenoptera Apidae).

Honeybee gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining their health and digestive function. Studies have confirmed that quercetin improves honeybee health by enhancing their pesticide tolerance and survival rates. This study aimed to examine the effects of quercetin on the bee gut microbiome by absolute quantification sequencing.

Honey Robbing: Causes, Impacts and Preventive Measures.

Honey robbing, which typically occurs during times of food scarcity, is a perilous foraging strategy for bee colonies and presents a formidable challenge in the realm of beekeeping. This article provides a comprehensive and multifaceted exploration of honey robbing, including the morphology, behavioral traits, timing, and scope of this phenomenon. This exploration elucidates the specific manifestations of honey robbing, offering readers a deeper understanding of its various facets.

Effects of Novaluron Exposure on the Oviposition and Expression of Ovarian Development Related Genes in Silkworm, (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae).

(Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is an important economic insect, which mainly feeds on mulberry leaves and is widely used in many research fields. The growth and development of silkworm larvae are easily affected by the use of chemical insecticides such as novaluron, a benzoylurea insecticide. However, the effect of novaluron exposure on the reproduction of silkworms has not yet been studied.