Subtypes A1 and D, and recombinant HIV-1 natural polymorphisms associated with lenacapavir drug resistance in Uganda.

Background: Lenacapavir, a novel HIV-1 capsid inhibitor, shows promise for treating MDR HIV-1, as well as for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in prevention of HIV infection. Its unique mechanism and lack of cross-resistance with other antiretroviral classes make lenacapavir a significant addition to HIV therapy. The clinical trials CALIBRATE and CAPELLA have demonstrated high viral suppression rates in both ART-naive individuals and individuals with MDR HIV-1.

Exploring the Social Media Discussion of Breast Cancer Treatment Choices: Quantitative Natural Language Processing Study.

Background: Early-stage breast cancer has the complex challenge of carrying a favorable prognosis with multiple treatment options, including breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy. Social media is increasingly used as a source of information and as a decision tool for patients, and awareness of these conversations is important for patient counseling.

Objective: The goal of this study was to compare sentiments and associated emotions in social media discussions surrounding BCS and mastectomy using natural language processing (NLP).

Biokinetic soft-sensing using Thiothrix and Ca. Microthrix bacteria to calibrate secondary settling, aeration and NO emission digital twins.

Climate resilience in water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) necessitates improved adaptation to shock-loading conditions and mitigating greenhouse gas emission. Data-driven learning methods are widely utilised in soft-sensors for decision support and process optimization due to their simplicity and high predictive accuracy. However, unlike for mechanistic models, transferring machine-learning-based insights across systems is largely infeasible, which limits communication and knowledge sharing.

Delmarva (DMV1639) infectious bronchitis virus infection alters the microbiome of gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts of broiler chickens.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is known to cause significant alterations in tracheal microbial flora in broiler chickens 5 days post-infection (dpi) and our focus is to understand the changes in both respiratory and gastrointestinal microbiome in broilers over a period of time following IBV infection. A study was conducted to characterize the tracheal and cecal microbiome in IBV infected and control broiler chickens at 6, 9 and 15 dpi. IBV genome in trachea, lung and cecal tonsils could be observed in the infected group at all the time points.

Regional variations in incidence of surgical site infection and associated risk factors in women undergoing cesarean section: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common postoperative complications after cesarean section (CS), with increased mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs.

Objective: To systematically estimate the global incidence and identify the risk factors associated with SSI, focusing on the variation between high- and low-income countries.

Search Strategy And Selection Criteria: Observational studies reporting on the incidence of SSI after CS were systematically searched in PubMed, Embase and SCOPUS.

Evaluation of the Femoral Condyle Radius of Curvature at the Chondral Surface Shows Significant Correlation With the Anterior-Posterior Length.

Background: Accurate donor-recipient matching of the femoral condyle radius of curvature (ROC) in osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation may aid in minimizing articular surface incongruities. Matching linear femorotibial dimensions, such as the femoral condyle anterior-posterior length (APL), femoral condyle width (lateral-medial length, LML), femoral hemicondyle width (HCW), and tibial plateau width (TPW), can provide similar results if they correlate well with ROC. This study investigates the relationship between femorotibial dimensions and ROC at the cartilage surface using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Positive STEPS: Enhancing Medication Adherence and Achieving Viral Load Suppression in Youth Living with HIV in the United States - Results from a Stepped-Care Randomized Controlled Efficacy Trial.

Background: In the U.S. and worldwide, there is a significant number of young people acquiring and living with HIV.

Use of flavor capsule cigarettes and their preliminary impact on smoking cessation in Mexico: an exploratory study.

Background: No study has assessed the impact of flavor capsule cigarettes (FCCs) on smoking cessation. Thus, the purpose of this exploratory study was to assess (1) the sociodemographic and smoking-related characteristics associated with using FCCs, and (2) the preliminary impact of FCCs on smoking cessation.

Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of a single-arm study with 100 individuals living in Mexico who smoked and received a smoking cessation mHealth intervention and pharmacotherapy support.

Exploiting venom toxins in paratransgenesis to prevent mosquito-borne disease.

Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of numerous pathogens, including Plasmodium parasites, arboviruses and filarial worms. They pose a significant risk to public health with over 200 million cases of malaria per annum and approximately 4 billion people at risk of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). Mosquito populations are geographically expanding into temperate regions and their distribution is predicted to continue increasing.

Gardnerella vaginalis-binding IgA in the urethra of sexually experienced males.

Background: Genital inflammation increases HIV susceptibility and is associated with the density of pro-inflammatory anaerobes in the vagina and coronal sulcus. The penile urethra is a critical site of HIV acquisition, although correlates of urethral HIV acquisition are largely unknown. While Streptococcus mitis is a consistent component of the urethral flora, the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis has been linked with prior penile-vaginal sex and urethral inflammation.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the Brief Parenting Questionnaire.

Background: There is a paucity of brief self-report parenting measures validated for use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We developed the Brief Parenting Questionnaire (BPQ), a 24-item self-report measure for use with parents of children ages 3-12.

Objective: We describe the development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the BPQ, which was designed to include two subscales: warm and responsive parenting (WRP) and harsh parenting (HP).

Polyp and tumor microenvironment reprogramming in colorectal cancer: insights from mucosal bacteriome and metabolite crosstalk.

Background: Highly frequent colorectal cancer (CRC) is predicted to have 3.2 million novel cases by 2040. Tumor microenvironment (TME) bacteriome and metabolites are proposed to be involved in CRC development.

Perceived healthiness of sugary drinks and related social norms among adults in five countries: evidence from the International Food Policy Study.

Background: A better understanding of correlates of sugary drink consumption is essential to inform public health interventions. This study examined differences in perceived healthiness of sugary drinks and related social norms between countries, over time, and sociodemographic groups and associations with sugary drink intake.

Methods: This study used annual cross-sectional data from the International Food Policy Study from 2018 to 2021 in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Mexico.

A quality improvement initiative aimed at reducing service strain and improving physician wellness in internal medicine.

Introduction: Hospital strain has been shown to negatively impact physician wellness, educational experience, and patient care. To address rising service demands, a non-academic hospitalist service was implemented to reduce daily clinical teaching unit (CTU) census by approximately 30%. Secondary aims were to evaluate physician and trainee wellness on CTU as well as assess unintended adverse patient outcomes.

Institutional, neighborhood, and life stressors on loneliness among older adults.

Background: Loneliness is a public health epidemic in the United States (US), with older adults being vulnerable to experiencing loneliness. Predictors of loneliness are less understood among racial/ethnic groups of US older adults, and few studies have included perceived institutional discrimination (PID), stressful life events (SLE), and perceived neighborhood characteristics (PNC) as antecedent stressors of loneliness in diverse older adult samples. Our study assessed the relationship between these stressors and loneliness among specific racial/ethnic groups of older adults.

Work-related grief and bereavement experiences of social and community service workers working with people experiencing social disadvantage: a rapid scoping review.

Background: While an extensive body of research in palliative care exists on the experiences of grief and bereavement among family caregivers, much of this research is based on normative assumptions of who family caregivers are - housed, financially stable, and with extended family and/or friends to draw on for support. Research shows that in contexts of social disadvantage(e.g.

Evaluating vitamin C-related gene-environment and metabolite-environment interaction effects on intraocular pressure in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

High intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor for glaucoma, which is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. However, the etiology of high IOP remains uncertain. Metabolites are compounds involved in metabolism which provide a link between the internal (genetic) and external environments.

AI-based analysis of fetal growth restriction in a prospective obstetric cohort quantifies compound risks for perinatal morbidity and mortality and identifies previously unrecognized high risk clinical scenarios.

Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a leading risk factor for stillbirth, yet the diagnosis of FGR confers considerable prognostic uncertainty, as most infants with FGR do not experience any morbidity. Our objective was to use data from a large, deeply phenotyped observational obstetric cohort to develop a probabilistic graphical model (PGM), a type of "explainable artificial intelligence (AI)", as a potential framework to better understand how interrelated variables contribute to perinatal morbidity risk in FGR.

Methods: Using data from 9,558 pregnancies delivered at ≥ 20 weeks with available outcome data, we derived and validated a PGM using randomly selected sub-cohorts of 80% (n = 7645) and 20% (n = 1,912), respectively, to discriminate cases of FGR resulting in composite perinatal morbidity from those that did not.

ADSL promotes autophagy and tumor growth through fumarate-mediated Beclin1 dimethylation.

As an enzyme with a critical role in de novo purine synthesis, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) expression is upregulated in various malignancies. However, whether ADSL possesses noncanonical functions that contribute to cancer progression remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) activated by lipid deprivation or ER stress phosphorylates ADSL at S140, leading to an enhanced association between ADSL and Beclin1.

Resistance-breaking strains of tomato spotted wilt virus hamper photosynthesis and protein synthesis pathways in a virus accumulation-dependent manner in Sw5-carrying tomatoes.

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV; Orthotospovirus tomatomaculae) is one of the major horticultural threats due to its worldwide distribution and broad host range. In Italy, TSWV is widely spread in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crops and causes severe yield losses. In the last decades, several tomato varieties carrying the Sw-5b gene for resistance to TSWV have been released.

Niche-derived Semaphorin 4A safeguards functional identity of myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells.

Somatic stem cell pools comprise diverse, highly specialized subsets whose individual contribution is critical for the overall regenerative function. In the bone marrow, myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells (myHSCs) are indispensable for replenishment of myeloid cells and platelets during inflammatory response but, at the same time, become irreversibly damaged during inflammation and aging. Here we identify an extrinsic factor, semaphorin 4A (Sema4A), which non-cell-autonomously confers myHSC resilience to inflammatory stress.

Efficient nonlinear function approximation in analog resistive crossbars for recurrent neural networks.

Analog In-memory Computing (IMC) has demonstrated energy-efficient and low latency implementation of convolution and fully-connected layers in deep neural networks (DNN) by using physics for computing in parallel resistive memory arrays. However, recurrent neural networks (RNN) that are widely used for speech-recognition and natural language processing have tasted limited success with this approach. This can be attributed to the significant time and energy penalties incurred in implementing nonlinear activation functions that are abundant in such models.

Increased serum GM-CSF at diagnosis of biliary atresia is associated with improved biliary drainage.

Background: The immune heterogeneity of biliary atresia (BA) presents a challenge for development of prognostic biomarkers. This study aimed to identify early immune signatures associated with biliary drainage after Kasai Portoenterostomy (KPE).

Methods: Serum samples, liver slides, and clinical data were obtained from patients enrolled in the NIDDK-supported Childhood Liver Disease Research Network.

Outside-in engineering of cadherin endocytosis using a conformation strengthening antibody.

P-cadherin, a crucial cell-cell adhesion protein which is overexpressed in numerous malignant cancers, is a popular target for drug delivery antibodies. However, molecular guidelines for engineering antibodies that can be internalized upon binding to P-cadherin are unknown. Here, we use a combination of biophysical, biochemical, and cell biological methods to demonstrate that trapping the P-cadherin extracellular region in an X-dimer adhesive conformation triggers cadherin endocytosis via an outside-in signaling mechanism.