DNA Methylation of Somatic Tissues in Oysters is Influenced by Sex and Heredity.

The influence of sex and heredity on DNA methylation in the somatic tissues of mice has been well-documented, with similar hereditary effects reported in honeybees. However, the extent to which these factors affect DNA methylation in molluscan somatic tissues remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated genomic DNA methylation patterns in the adductor muscle of two genetically distinct oyster strains using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS).

Evolutionary Pressures Shape Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Development and Radiotherapy Response.

Radiotherapy is an integral component in the treatment of many types of cancer, with approximately half of cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Systemic therapy applies pressure that can select for resistant tumor subpopulations, underscoring the importance of understanding how radiation impacts tumor evolution to improve treatment outcomes. We integrated temporal genomic profiling of 120 spatially distinct tumor regions from 20 patients with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS), longitudinal circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis, and evolutionary biology computational pipelines to study UPS evolution during tumorigenesis and in response to radiotherapy.

Cancer Incidence in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) - The Onco-SOL Ancillary Study.

Background: Few studies have examined how cancer incidence varies by country of origin among United States Hispanic/Latino adults. Herein, we describe the incidence rates of cancer overall and for screen-detectable, tobacco-related, and obesity-related cancers among 16,415 participants in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), an ongoing population-based cohort study of Hispanic/Latino adults from diverse backgrounds.

Methods: Cohort participant records were linked to the state cancer registries in New York, Florida, California, and Illinois to ascertain cancer incidence from baseline (2008-2011) through 2021.

Determination of the Reference Intervals of Clinical Biochemistry Tests by Direct and Indirect Methods: a Multicentric Study.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the reference intervals of 14 clinical biochemistry tests in healthy individuals aged 18 - 65 years. The reference intervals determined by using direct and indirect methods were compared with each other and the manufacturer's RI in terms of gender.

Methods: Blood was collected from 302 reference subjects selected on the basis of admission and exclusion criteria based on the procedures set out in document C28-A3, and 14 clinical chemistry tests were performed using the analytical systems available in our laboratory.

Improvement in Temple Hollowing with VYC-20L Hyaluronic Acid Filler: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial of Safety and Effectiveness.

Background: Temple hollowing is characterized by the reduction of volume in the temporal fossa, which can result in a skeletonized look and contribute to an aged appearance. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the VYC-20L injectable gel for improvement of temple hollowing.

Methods: Adults with minimal, moderate, or severe temple hollows were randomized 2:1 to receive VYC-20L or no treatment.

PIN1 prolyl isomerase promotes initiation and progression of bladder cancer through the SREBP2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis pathway.

Identities of functional pSer/Thr.Pro protein substrates of the PIN1 prolyl isomerase and its effects on downstream signaling in bladder carcinogenesis remain largely unknown. Phenotypically, we found that PIN1 positively regulated bladder cancer cell proliferation, cell motility and urothelium clearance capacity in vitro and controlled tumor growth and potential metastasis in vivo.

Photon-Counting CT Effects on Sensitivity for Liver Lesion Detection: A Reader Study Using Virtual Imaging.

Background Detection of hepatic metastases at CT is a daily task in radiology departments that influences medical and surgical treatment strategies for oncology patients. Purpose To compare simulated photon-counting CT (PCCT) with energy-integrating detector (EID) CT for the detection of small liver lesions. Materials and Methods In this reader study (July to December 2023), a virtual imaging framework was used with 50 anthropomorphic phantoms and 183 generated liver lesions (one to six lesions per phantom, 0.

Real-World Incidence of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase alterations in Hispanics with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer at a Large Academic Institution in Los Angeles.

Race and ethnicity affect the distribution of molecular alterations seen in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) alterations are known to occur in 4-5% of the population, data specific to the Hispanic population remains limited. This study describes the real-world incidence of ALK alterations in Hispanic patients with NSCLC treated at a large academic institution in Los Angeles, California, USA to further elucidate the underlying factors that shape differences in mutational profiles.

The Selective WEE1 Inhibitor Azenosertib Shows Synergistic Antitumor Activity with KRASG12C Inhibitors in Preclinical Models.

KRAS is a potent oncogenic driver which results in downstream hyperactivation of MAPK signaling, while simultaneously increasing replication stress (RS) and accumulation of DNA damage. KRASG12C mutations are common and targetable alterations. Therapeutic inhibition of KRASG12C and eventual resistance to these inhibitors are also known to drive RS and DNA damage through adaptive mechanisms that maintain addiction to high MAPK signaling.

Novel Use of Objective Sensor Technology: Creation of Individualized Education Plans to Develop Operative Mastery.

Background: Motion-tracking has been shown to correlate with expert and novice performance but has not been used for skill development. For skill development, performance goals must be defined. We hypothesize that using wearable sensor technology, motion tracking outcomes can be identified in those deemed practice-ready and used as benchmarks for precision learning.

Why wasn't mirabegron chosen for the first year of the CMS negotiation program?

Importance: The most used overactive bladder (OAB) medications are anticholinergics, which professional societies recommend avoiding in older patients given dementia risk. Cost prevents patients from switching to preferred beta-3 agonists. Mirabegron was the only beta-3 agonist eligible for the Centers for Medicare/Medicaid Services (CMS) 2023 Drug Negotiation Program (DNP).

TRIB1 facilitates the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells by inducing EMT progression.

Aim: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a fatal female malignant tumor that severely impacts the health of women worldwide. Due to the lack of diagnostic biomarkers, 70% of OC patients are considered in the advanced stage at the first diagnosis. Exploring novel biomarkers for OC diagnosis has become an urgent clinical need to address.

The burden of Alagille syndrome: uncovering the potential of emerging therapeutics - a comprehensive systematic literature review.

Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a rare, cholestatic multiorgan disease associated with bile duct paucity, leading to cholestasis. Clinical symptoms of cholestasis include debilitating pruritus, xanthomas, fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, growth failure, renal disease and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The main objective was to review the current literature on the epidemiological, clinical, psychosocial and economic burden of ALGS in view of the development of ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitors.

The cognitive and evolutionary science of behavioural modernity goes beyond material chronology.

Stibbard-Hawkes' taphonomic findings are valuable, and his call for caution warranted, but the hazards he raises are being mitigated by a multi-pronged approach; current research on behavioural/cognitive modernity is not based solely on material chronology. Theories synthesize data from archaeology, anthropology, psychology, neuroscience, and genetics, and predictions arising from these theories are tested with mathematical and agent-based models.

Advancing paleoanthropology beyond default nulls.

While we are sympathetic with Stibbard-Hawkes' approach, we disagree with the proposal to switch to a "cognitively modern" null for all species. We argue in favor of a more evidence-driven approach, inspired by recent debates in comparative cognition. Ultimately, parsing the contributions of different genetic and extra-genetic factors in human evolution is more promising than setting a priori nulls.

What would be pre-modern human cognition?

Stibbard-Hawkes's detailed demonstration that in the case of hunter-gatherer artifacts, absence of evidence is not evidence of absence must never be forgotten. The belief that there is a single coherent "human cognitive capacity" difference between modern humans and some unspecified earlier form should be rigorously re-examined.

HIF1α Plays a Crucial Role in the Development of TFE3-Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinoma by Orchestrating a Metabolic Shift Toward Fatty Acid Synthesis.

Tumor development often requires cellular adaptation to a unique, high metabolic state; however, the molecular mechanisms that drive such metabolic changes in TFE3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma (TFE3-RCC) remain poorly understood. TFE3-RCC, a rare subtype of RCC, is defined by the formation of chimeric proteins involving the transcription factor TFE3. In this study, we analyzed cell lines and genetically engineered mice, demonstrating that the expression of the chimeric protein PRCC-TFE3 induced a hypoxia-related signature by transcriptionally upregulating HIF1α and HIF2α.

The impact of genetic counselor involvement in genetic and genomic test order review: A scoping review.

Purpose: The increasing complexity of genetic technologies paired with more genetic tests being ordered by nongenetic healthcare providers, has resulted in an increase in the number of inappropriately ordered tests. Genetic counselors (GCs) are ideally suited to assess the appropriateness of a genetic test.

Methods: We performed a scoping review of GC involvement in utilization management initiatives in order to describe the impact of having GCs involved in this process.

Prospective validation study of a combined urine and plasma test for predicting high-grade prostate cancer in biopsy naïve men.

Objective: Early and accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC) is crucial for effective treatment. Diagnosing  clinically insignificant cancers can lead to overdiagnosis and overtreatment, highlighting the importance of accurately selecting patients for further evaluation based on improved risk prediction tools. Novel biomarkers offer promise for enhancing this diagnostic process.

Increased SOX10, p16, and Cyclin D1 Immunoreactivity Differentiates MAP Kinase-activated Low-grade Gliomas From Piloid Gliosis.

Low-grade gliomas and reactive piloid gliosis can present with overlapping features on conventional histology. Given the large implications for patient treatment, there is a need for effective methods to discriminate these morphologically similar but clinically distinct entities. Using routinely available stains, we hypothesize that a limited panel including SOX10, p16, and cyclin D1 may be useful in differentiating mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-activated low-grade gliomas from piloid gliosis.

Plasmon-Driven Gold Nanopillar Multiarrayed Gene Amplification Methodology for the High-Throughput Discrimination of Pathogens.

Molecular diagnosis limitations, including complex treatment processes, low cost-effectiveness, and operator-dependent low reproducibility, interrupt the timely prevention of disease spread and the development of medical devices for home and outdoor uses. A newly fabricated gold nanopillar array-based film is presented for superior photothermal energy conversion. Magnifying the metal film surface-to-volume ratio increases the photothermal energy conversion efficiency, resulting in a swift reduction in the gene amplification reaction time.

Advance care planning readiness, barriers, and facilitators among seriously ill Black older adults and their surrogates: A mixed methods study.

Objectives: Advance care planning (ACP) supports communication and medical decision-making and is best conceptualized as part of the care planning continuum. Black older adults have lower ACP engagement and poorer quality of care in serious illness. Surrogates are essential to effective ACP but are rarely integrated in care planning.

Conservation agricultural practices promoted arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization and glomalin content on sandy clay loam of southern India.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are essential in agriculture and are often inter-linked with glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) production which supports binding of aggregates, enhanced SOC and biological attributes. However, conservation agricultural practices in agroecosystem may have significant impact on AMF diversity, GRSP and soil quality-related parameters (SQRPs). This current experiment was implemented to gauge AMF conization percentage (AMF-CP), GSRP and significant changes on critical SQRPs, and to investigate the linkages between AMF-CP, GRSP and SQRPs as influenced by synergistic tillage and weed management in CA.

Roadmap to advance therapeutics for -related disorder: a patient organization perspective from SynGAP Research Fund.

-related disorder (SRD) is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused by a disruption of the gene. At the beginning of 2024, it is one of many rare monogenic brain disorders without disease-modifying treatments, but that is changing. This article chronicles the last 5 years, beginning when treatments for SRD were not publicly in development, to the start of 2024 when many SRD-specific treatments are advancing.