Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure.

Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised.

An understanding of falling bodies across schooling and experience based on the conceptual prevalence framework.

In this article, we describe a study conducted online with 953 participants of varying levels of education and, when applicable, science/physics teaching experience. These participants were asked to solve a cognitive task in which many different pairs of objects were presented and to identify which, if any, would touch the ground first when dropped (in atmospheric or non-atmospheric environments). Recorded accuracies and response times allowed us to conduct an analysis based on the conceptual prevalence framework, which posits that the coexistence of conceptual and/or resources can produce interference in response production.

Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Relationship Satisfaction in Adolescent Couples: The Role of Conflict Resolution Strategies.

Emotion regulation difficulties have been found to predict relationship satisfaction in adult samples, yet little is known with regards to the processes explaining these associations in adolescent dating relationships. Furthermore, among the available literature, most studies only consider one romantic partner. To address this gap, this study used a dyadic approach and considered the role of conflict resolution strategies (i.

Characterization of vanillin carbon isotope delta reference materials.

Stable carbon isotope ratio measurements are used to investigate the provenance of vanillin. In this study, a variety of commercial vanillin samples and vanilla products were analyzed to provide a frame of reference for the variability of carbon isotope delta values in various vanillin samples, with the results ranging from -20.6 to -36.

Surface water CO concentration influences phytoplankton production but not community composition across boreal lakes.

Recent experimental evidence suggests that changes in the partial pressure of CO (pCO ), in concert with nutrient fertilisation, may result in increased primary production and shifted phytoplankton community composition that favours species lacking adaptations to low CO environments. It is not clear whether these results apply in ambient freshwaters, which are already often supersaturated in CO , and where phytoplankton structure and activity are under complex control of diverse local and regional factors. Here, we use a large-scale comparative study of 69 boreal lakes to explore the influence of existing CO gradients (c.

The mothering experience of women with FGM/C raising 'uncut' daughters, in Ivory Coast and in Canada.

Background: While Female Genital Cutting (FGM/C) is a deeply entrenched cultural practice, there is now mounting evidence for a gradual decline in prevalence in a number of geographical areas in Africa and following migration to non-practicing countries. Consequently, there is now a growing number of women with FGM/C who are raising 'uncut' daughters. This study used a qualitative methodology to investigate the experience of women with FGM/C raising daughters who have not been subjected to the ritual.

Phytophagy by the Mullein Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Apples: Feeding Behavior and Fruit Damage.

Unlabelled: The zoophytophagous mullein bug, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer-Dür) (Hemiptera: Miridae), is a beneficial predator of mites and aphids, but also a pest causing damage when it feeds on apples. The aim of this study was to evaluate three different parameters of phytophagy of the mullein bug both in laboratory (phytophagous behavior) and field (fruit damage) tests: 1) apple cultivar, 2) fruit size, and 3) nymphal instar. In the laboratory, nymphs were observed individually for 15 min in Petri dishes containing agar gel and an apple fruitlet to evaluate feeding punctures of four apple cultivars, four fruit sizes, and five nymphal instars.

The relationship between exercise intensity, cerebral oxygenation and cognitive performance in young adults.

Purpose: To assess the relationship between exercise intensity, cerebral HbO2 and cognitive performance (Executive and non-Executive) in young adults.

Methods: We measured reaction time (RT) and accuracy, during a computerized Stroop task, in 19 young adults (7 males and 12 females). Their mean ± SD age, height, body mass and body mass index (BMI) were 24 ± 4 years, 1.

Classification of bioinformatics workflows using weighted versions of partitioning and hierarchical clustering algorithms.

Background: Workflows, or computational pipelines, consisting of collections of multiple linked tasks are becoming more and more popular in many scientific fields, including computational biology. For example, simulation studies, which are now a must for statistical validation of new bioinformatics methods and software, are frequently carried out using the available workflow platforms. Workflows are typically organized to minimize the total execution time and to maximize the efficiency of the included operations.

Biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stocks in hybrid poplar buffers, herbaceous buffers and natural woodlots in the riparian zone on agricultural land.

In many temperate agricultural areas, riparian forests have been converted to cultivated land, and only narrow strips of herbaceous vegetation now buffer many farm streams. The afforestation of these riparian zones has the potential to increase carbon (C) storage in agricultural landscapes by creating a new biomass sink for atmospheric CO2. Occurring at the same time, the storage of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in plant biomass, is an important water quality function that may greatly vary with types of riparian vegetation.

The conditioning and extinction of fear in youths: what's sex got to do with it?

Adult work shows differences in emotional processing influenced by sexes of both the viewer and expresser of facial expressions. We investigated this in 120 healthy youths (57 boys; 10-17 years old) randomly assigned to fear conditioning and extinction tasks using either neutral male or female faces as the conditioned threat and safety cues, and a fearful face paired with a shrieking scream as the unconditioned stimulus. Fear ratings and skin conductance responses (SCRs) were assessed.

The impact of mood and anxiety disorders on incident hypertension at one year.

Background. Studies assessing the association between psychological factors and hypertension have been equivocal, which may reflect limitations in the assessment of psychological factors. Purpose.

Modulation of trichloroethylene in vitro metabolism by different drugs in human.

Toxicological interactions with drugs have the potential to modulate the toxicity of trichloroethylene (TCE). Our objective is to identify metabolic interactions between TCE and 14 widely used drugs in human suspended hepatocytes and characterize the strongest using microsomal assays. Changes in concentrations of TCE and its metabolites were measured by headspace GC-MS.

The use of mass defect in modern mass spectrometry.

Mass defect is defined as the difference between a compound's exact mass and its nominal mass. This concept has been increasingly used in mass spectrometry over the years, mainly due to the growing use of high resolution mass spectrometers capable of exact mass measurements in many application areas in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. This article is meant as an introduction to the different uses of mass defect in applications using modern MS instrumentation.

Enhanced sea-ice export from the Arctic during the Younger Dryas.

The Younger Dryas cold spell of the last deglaciation and related slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation have been linked to a large array of processes, notably an influx of fresh water into the North Atlantic related to partial drainage of glacial Lake Agassiz. Here we observe a major drainage event, in marine sediment cores raised from the Lomonosov Ridge, in the central Arctic Ocean marked by a pulse in detrital dolomitic-limestones. This points to an Arctic-Canadian sediment source area with about fivefold higher Younger Dryas ice-rafting deposition rate, in comparison with the Holocene.

In vitro neurotoxicity data in human risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): overview and perspectives.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants routinely detected in samples of cord blood and breast milk. Concerns have been raised with regard to the toxicity of both pre- and postnatal exposures towards the developing nervous system. Although there is an increasing body of literature on the disruption of brain cell functions by certain PBDE congeners in vitro, some challenges have yet to be tackled to enable the translation of in vitro findings into their in vivo counterparts.

Assessing covalent binding of reactive drug metabolites by complete protein digestion and LC-MS analysis.

Background: Covalent binding by reactive drug metabolites represents a poorly understood cause of drug toxicity. Currently, assessing protein covalent binding usually entails the use of radioactive drug and therefore has limited applicability in drug discovery. Several marketed drugs are known to form reactive metabolites and have been shown to covalently bind to proteins.

An exploratory study of diabetes in a First Nation community with respect to serum concentrations of p,p'-DDE and PCBs and fish consumption.

This study examined the association between self-reported diabetes, fish consumption and serum levels of organochlorines in a First Nation community. One quarter of the 101 participants reported diabetes. Serum PCBs, but not p,p'-DDE, were positively correlated to consumption frequency of total fish, walleye and pike, but not trout.

Needed: system dynamics for the drug discovery process.

A system dynamics structure to characterize the link between technology and critical management decisions in the drug discovery process (DDP) is needed. The DDP includes many interacting feedback loops that impact decisions executed in early stages and that influence performance in later development stages. The complexity of the DDP and the absence of systemic perspective, contributes imprecision to decision-makers' own mental models, and limits their ability to generate decisions that provoke genuine process improvements.

Murine immunomodulation of IL-10 and IL-12 induced by new isolates from avian type 2 Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Several bacterial and immunogenic factors are involved in the host response to probiotic strains of Lactobacillus. Here, we report the isolation of new intestinal lactobacilli from chicken, with different immunomodulating properties on lymphoid cells from SJL and C57BL/6 mice. Analysis of biochemical markers in the Lactobacillus acidophilus CBA4P, CBA3P, and TPA3P isolates reveal that these bacterial isolates belong to the type 2 prototype, although they differ from each other.

Neuromotor functions in Inuit preschool children exposed to Pb, PCBs, and Hg.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of prenatal and postnatal chronic exposure to mercury (Hg), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and lead (Pb) on the neuromotor development of preschool children. The study population consisted of 110 preschool Inuit children from Nunavik (Canada). Blood Hg, PCBs and Pb concentrations were measured at birth (cord blood) and at the time of testing.

Characterization of an abeo-taxane: brevifoliol and derivatives.

Brevifoliol is a natural diterpene isolated from Taxus baccata Nutt. A series of brevifoliol 1 derivatives, 2-8 and 10, were prepared for characterization and semisynthesis purposes and included the introduction of acetyl, Troc, and TES groups at C-5 and C-13. Derivatives 16-20 of 5-acetylbrevifoliol 2 were obtained via esterification with cinnamic acid, with both 2S-(-)- and 2R-(+)-3-phenyllactic acid, and with N-benzoyl-(2'R,3'S)-3'-phenylisoserine at C-13.

Anatomical and physiological study of respiratory motor innervation in lampreys.

The innervation of gill muscles of lampreys was investigated in a semi-intact preparation in which the respiratory rhythm was maintained for more than 2 days. Lesion experiments showed that the muscles of gill 1 are innervated by nerves VII (facial) and IX (glossopharyngeal), and those of gill 2 by nerve IX and the first branchial branch of nerve X (vagal). The other gills are supplied by the other branchial branches of nerve X.

Polyclonal activation of B cells occurs in lymphoid organs from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-infected pigs.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) induces a persistent viral infection associated with an inefficient humoral immune response. A study of lymphoid B cells and specific humoral immune response was performed in blood and several lymphoid organs collected from PRRSV experimentally-infected pigs. Groups of specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs were infected with the LHVA-93-3 isolate of PRRSV, and blood, tonsils, spleen and mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) were collected at various times postinfection (p.