254 results match your criteria: "C.M.L.); and University of Texas Southwestern[Affiliation]"
Comparing Postoperative Outcomes of Isolated Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and the "Terrible Triad" Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Medial Meniscus Ramp and Lateral Meniscus Root Repairs.
Orthop J Sports Med
December 2024
Twin Cities Orthopedics, Edina, Minnesota, USA.
Background: A new "terrible triad" has been reported to be an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear with a concomitant medial meniscus ramp tear and lateral meniscus root tear. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for isolated ACL reconstruction (ACLR) versus an ACLR with concomitant medial meniscus ramp and lateral meniscus root repairs are not well known.
Purpose: To compare postoperative outcomes between isolated ACLR and ACLR with concomitant medial meniscus ramp and lateral meniscus root repairs.
Patterns of trauma-induced coagulopathy in injured children: A principal component analysis investigating endothelial, coagulation, and platelet biomarkers.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg
January 2025
From the Department of Surgery (K.M.M.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery (E.V.F.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine (P.C.S., C.M.L.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Surgery (B.A.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas.
Background: Trauma-induced coagulopathy is common and associated with poor outcomes in injured children. Our aim was to identify patterns of coagulopathy after injury using endothelial, platelet, and coagulation biomarkers, and associate these phenotypes with relevant patient factors and clinical outcomes in a pediatric trauma cohort.
Methods: Principal component (PC) analysis was performed on data from injured children between 2018 and 2022.
scTrends: A living review of commercial single-cell and spatial 'omic technologies.
Cell Genom
December 2024
Relation Therapeutics, London, UK. Electronic address:
Understanding the rapidly evolving landscape of single-cell and spatial omic technologies is crucial for advancing biomedical research and drug development. We provide a living review of both mature and emerging commercial platforms, highlighting key methodologies and trends shaping the field. This review spans from foundational single-cell technologies such as microfluidics and plate-based methods to newer approaches like combinatorial indexing; on the spatial side, we consider next-generation sequencing and imaging-based spatial transcriptomics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEditorial Commentary: Increased Tibial Slope and Decreased Medial Proximal Tibial Angle Negatively Affect Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Maturation: Objective Evidence on When to Add a Lateral Extra-Articular Augmentation Procedure to a Soft-Tissue Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.
Arthroscopy
November 2024
Twin Cities Orthopedics, Edina, Minnesota, U.S.A.
Recent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) research focuses on risk factors for ACL graft failure and techniques and augmentations to limit failure. One of the most recognized risk factors is sagittal malalignment in the form of high posterior tibial slope (PTS), especially PTS ≥12°, which leads to increased force through the ACL and ACL graft. To reduce the risk associated with increased PTS, lateral augmentation techniques, typically either a lateral extra-articular tenodesis or an anterolateral ligament reconstruction, improve clinical outcomes, and the authors preferred graft choice, particularly in such cases, is bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEditorial Commentary: Anatomic Tibiofibular and Partially Anatomic-Based Fibular Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction Techniques Are Biomechanically Superior to Nonanatomic Reconstruction Techniques: A Tibial Tunnel Is the Gold Standard for an Anatomic Reconstruction.
Arthroscopy
November 2024
Twin Cities Orthopedics, Edina, Minnesota, U.S.A.
Article Synopsis
- The posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee was historically difficult to understand and treat, leading to high failure rates with non-anatomic reconstruction methods known as "fibular slings".
- Newer anatomic reconstruction techniques aim to restore all three main PLC stabilizers, with two primary approaches: tibiofibular-based (LaPrade and Engebretsen) and fibular-based (Levy/Marx, Arciero).
- The tibiofibular approach is considered superior as it better mimics the knee's natural structure and function, while certain conditions warrant the use of tibial tunnels instead of fibular-based reconstructions.
A Single-Dose Study to Evaluate the Relative Bioavailability, Safety, and Tolerability of Monthly Extended-Release Buprenorphine at Alternative Injection Locations in Adult Participants with Opioid Use Disorder.
Clin Drug Investig
December 2024
Research and Development, Indivior Inc., North Chesterfield, VA, USA.
Background And Objectives: Buprenorphine extended-release monthly formulation (BUP-XR, SUBLOCADE) is approved for treatment of moderate-to-severe opioid use disorder (OUD) following subcutaneous injection in the abdomen. This open-label pharmacokinetic study assessed three alternative injection locations (upper arm, thigh, buttocks) to offer additional flexibility considering the chronic nature of the disease and patient preferences.
Methods: Following stabilization on 12/3 mg/day of sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone for ≥ 7 days, participants with moderate-to-severe OUD were randomized to receive a single 300-mg BUP-XR injection in the upper arm, thigh, buttocks, or abdomen (reference).
Slope-Reducing Proximal Tibial Osteotomy Improves Outcomes in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Patients With Elevated Posterior Tibial Slope, Especially Revisions and Posterior Tibial Slope ≥12.
Arthroscopy
November 2024
Twin Cities Orthopedics, Edina, Minnesota, U.S.A.. Electronic address:
Purpose: To explore the indications, outcomes, and complications related to slope-reducing osteotomies in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears or graft failure. A secondary aim was to create an algorithm on the basis of the current literature and authors' opinions.
Methods: This study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.
Medial Opening Wedge (MOW) Versus Lateral Closing Wedge (LCW) High Tibial Osteotomies for Knee Medial Compartment Osteoarthritis Show Similar Outcomes and Survivorship, While MOW Has Higher Rates of Tibial Fracture and LCW Has Higher Rates of Nerve Injury and Conversion to Total Knee.
Arthroscopy
November 2024
Twin Cities Orthopedics, Edina, Minnesota, U.S.A.. Electronic address:
Purpose: To compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes and complications between medial opening wedge (MOW) and lateral closing wedge (LCW) high tibial osteotomies (HTOs) in the setting of medial compartment osteoarthritis with genu varus alignment.
Methods: This study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Studies that reported on MOW or LCW HTOs in the setting of medial compartment osteoarthritis were included.
Enhanced Prenatal and Postnatal Development Study in Marmoset Monkeys Following Administration of Felzartamab.
Int J Toxicol
December 2024
Human Immunology Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Felzartamab is a recombinant fully human immunoglobulin G1 anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody under clinical investigation for immune-mediated diseases. In support of felzartamab clinical development, toxicology studies were conducted in marmoset monkeys, which was the most relevant species based on CD38 binding affinity, pharmacologic activity, and target expression. The felzartamab toxicology program included an enhanced prenatal and postnatal development (ePPND) study to identify potential reproductive and postnatal development risks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe GenoPred pipeline: a comprehensive and scalable pipeline for polygenic scoring.
Bioinformatics
October 2024
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
Motivation: Polygenic scoring is an approach for estimating an individual's likelihood of a given outcome. Polygenic scores are typically calculated from genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics and individual-level genotype data for the target sample. Going from genotype to interpretable polygenic scores involves many steps and there are many methods available, limiting the accessibility of polygenic scores for research and clinical application.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhole blood to total transfusion volume ratio in injured children: A national database analysis.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg
September 2024
From the Department of Surgery (I.C., A.D.-G., P.C.S., J.B.B., C.M.L.) and Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.C.S., J.B.B., C.M.L.), Trauma and Transfusion Medicine Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Article Synopsis
- - Whole blood (WB) resuscitation has been shown to be safer and potentially more effective than component therapy (CT) for trauma patients, particularly in pediatric cases, yet there is limited understanding of how the amount of WB given relates to patient outcomes.
- - A study analyzed data from over 4,300 injured children to assess the impact of WB on mortality rates, revealing that WB transfusions significantly decreased the odds of death both at 4 hours (42% reduction) and at 24 hours (54% reduction) compared to those receiving only CT.
- - The research also indicated that as the proportion of WB in total blood transfusion volume (WB/TTV ratio) increases, the likelihood of survival improves, with
Finerenone in Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction.
N Engl J Med
October 2024
From the Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston (S.D.S., M.V., B.C., A.S.D.); British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow (J.J.V.M., P.S.J., A.D.H., M.C.P.), and Bayer, Reading (J.L.-F.) - both in the United Kingdom; National Heart Centre Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.S.P.L.); University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor (B.P.); University of Milano-Bicocca and Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo (M. Senni), and the Department of Cardiology, University of Brescia, and ASST "Spedali Civili" Hospital, Brescia (S.N.) - all in Italy; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (S.J.S.); University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen (A.A.V.), the Department of Cardiology, Hospital Group Twente, Almelo (G.C.M.L.), and Bayer, Hoofddorp (I.G.) - all in the Netherlands; Université de Lorraine, INSERM Clinical Investigation Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nancy, France (F.Z.); University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (I.Z.A.); Centro de Estudios Clínicos de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro (M.A.A.-G.), and Hospital Cardiologico Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes (G.L.-E.) - both in Mexico; Cardiology Research Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (J.J.A.); the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover (J.B.), and Bayer, Wuppertal (P.K.) - both in Germany; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing (M.C.-S.); General Clinical Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-E.C.); Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof. Dr. C.C. Iliescu," University of Medicine Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania (O.C.); Clinical Cardiology, Heart Failure and Research, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India (V.C.); the Department of Cardiology, Bellvitge University Hospital, and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona (J.C.-C.); the Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens (G.F.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital São Francisco Xavier, and NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (C.F.); the Department of Coronary Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland (G.G.); the Heart Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, and Hebrew University, Jerusalem - both in Israel (S.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia (E.G.); the Division of Cardiology, Severance Hospital, and Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (S.K.); the Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, National Cardiology Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria (T.K.); St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City (M.N.K.); Latvian Center of Cardiology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia (G.L.); Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (A.P.-W.L.); University Clinic of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow (V. Mareev); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina (F.A.M.); the Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (V. Melenovský); the Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (B.M.); Centro Cardiovascular Colombiano, Clínica Santa María, Medellin, Colombia (C.I.S.); Cardiovascular Division, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica de Campinas, Campinas (J.F.K.S.), and Bayer, São Paulo (F.A.) - both in Brazil; Kawaguchi Cardiovascular and Respiratory Hospital, Saitama, Japan (N.S.); the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark (M. Schou); the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.S.); Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand (R.T.); Women's College Hospital and Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital (J.A.U.), University of Toronto (J.A.U., S.V.), and the Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital (S.V.), Toronto, and the Section of Cardiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (S.Z.) - both in Canada; Heart Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland (H.U.); the Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, and Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis (O.V.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (D.L.); National Scientific Center, Strazhesko Institute of Cardiology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine (L.V.); Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Cardiology Department, Izmir, Turkey (M.B.Y.); and Bayer, Whippany, NJ (P.V.).
Article Synopsis
- Steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists help patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, but their effectiveness in those with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction is unclear, indicating a need for further research on finerenone.
- In a double-blind study, patients with heart failure (ejection fraction 40% or greater) were assigned to receive either finerenone or a placebo to assess its impact on heart failure events and cardiovascular death.
- Results showed that finerenone led to fewer worsening heart failure events and a lower overall rate of primary outcome events compared to placebo, although it also carried a higher risk of hyperkalemia.
Open-source, high-throughput targeted in situ transcriptomics for developmental and tissue biology.
Development
August 2024
Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 171 65 Solna, Sweden.
Multiplexed spatial profiling of mRNAs has recently gained traction as a tool to explore the cellular diversity and the architecture of tissues. We propose a sensitive, open-source, simple and flexible method for the generation of in situ expression maps of hundreds of genes. We use direct ligation of padlock probes on mRNAs, coupled with rolling circle amplification and hybridization-based in situ combinatorial barcoding, to achieve high detection efficiency, high-throughput and large multiplexing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe small molecule inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro EDP-235 prevents viral replication and transmission in vivo.
Nat Commun
August 2024
Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the deaths of millions of people and severe global economic impacts. Small molecule therapeutics have played an important role in the fight against SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, but their efficacy has been limited in scope and availability, with many people unable to access their benefits, and better options are needed. EDP-235 is specifically designed to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, with potent nanomolar activity against all SARS-CoV-2 variants to date, as well as clinically relevant human and zoonotic coronaviruses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends in Black-White Differences of Antihypertensive Treatment in Individuals With and Without History of Stroke.
Stroke
August 2024
Department of Neurology (B.S., P.B.G.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
Article Synopsis
- Recent hypertension guidelines provide race-specific recommendations for antihypertensives in the general population, but these do not apply to stroke-specific guidelines, leading to questions about their effectiveness and impact over time.
- A study analyzed antihypertensive medication use among Black and White participants, aged 45 and older, with and without stroke history, using data from the REGARDS study, focusing on changes in medication between two examination periods (2003-2007 and 2013-2016).
- Results showed that Black participants had higher odds of using ACE inhibitors compared to White participants initially, but this gap narrowed over time; meanwhile, their use of calcium channel blockers was lower initially but equalized later, particularly among stroke survivors.
Systemic Treatment of Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Liver Transplantation: A Multicenter Trial.
Cancers (Basel)
July 2024
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
Introduction: The tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) sorafenib and lenvatinib represent the first-line systemic therapy of choice for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after liver transplantation (LT). Under sorafenib and lenvatinib, HCC patients have shown increasingly improved overall survival in clinical studies over the years. In contrast, data on overall survival for patients with HCC recurrence after LT under TKIs are scarce and limited to small retrospective series.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCharacterising the genetic architecture of changes in adiposity during adulthood using electronic health records.
Nat Commun
July 2024
Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Obesity is a heritable disease, characterised by excess adiposity that is measured by body mass index (BMI). While over 1,000 genetic loci are associated with BMI, less is known about the genetic contribution to adiposity trajectories over adulthood. We derive adiposity-change phenotypes from 24.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSource apportionment of major ions and trace metals in the lacustrine systems of Schirmacher Hills, East Antarctica.
Sci Total Environ
October 2024
National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Headland Sada, Vasco da Gama, Goa 403804, India. Electronic address:
The fabric of the Antarctic lacustrine system has a crucial role in assimilating the anthropogenic inputs and mitigating their long time impacts on climate change. Here, we present the changes in the concentrations of major ions and trace metals in the surface water of the lacustrine system to understand the extent of anthropogenic impacts from the adjacent Schirmacher Hills, East Antarctica. The results show that the land-locked lakes (closed-basin lakes surrounded by topographical barriers such as mountains or bedrock formations) in the region have a moderate enrichment in elemental concentrations compared to the pro-glacial lakes (marginal freshwater bodies that form at the terminus of a glacier or ice sheet).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalyzing the Evolution of Needle and Ultrasound Probe Manipulation Skills of Interventional Radiology Trainees With Time and Experience.
Simul Healthc
June 2024
From the Department of Radiology (J.W., H.A., A.S., M.R.P., C.M.L., M.A.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology (J.D.M.), Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI/Michigan State University CHM, Grand Rapids, MI; and Department of Anesthesia (R.M.), Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to evaluate whether hand motion analysis can track the skill development of interventional radiology trainees in performing central venous line placement using a simulated environment.
- A motion tracking system recorded the hand movements of novice and experienced trainees while they performed the task, measuring factors like path length and movement rotation to generate scores.
- Results showed experienced trainees had better scores for probe manipulation and that novices significantly improved their probe skills after one year, indicating that improvement in probe dexterity may occur before needle-hand skills.
Supratubercle Anterior Closing Wedge Osteotomy: No Changes in Patellar Height and Significant Decreases in Anterior Tibial Translation at 6 Months Postoperatively.
Am J Sports Med
July 2024
Twin Cities Orthopedics, Edina, Minnesota, USA.
Background: Because of the increased prevalence of revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, there has been a desire to understand the role of posterior tibial slope on increased anterior tibial translation and increased ACL graft forces. One potential concern in supratubercle anterior closing wedge proximal tibial osteotomy (ACW-PTO) for decreasing the posterior tibial slope is the risk of altering the patellar height.
Purpose: To radiographically assess changes in (1) patellar height, (2) anterior tibial translation, and (3) posterior tibial slope after supratubercle ACW-PTO.
Digital twins and artificial intelligence in metabolic disease research.
Trends Endocrinol Metab
June 2024
Artificial Intelligence for Medical Systems Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. Electronic address:
Digital twin technology is emerging as a transformative paradigm for personalized medicine in the management of chronic conditions. In this article, we explore the concept and key characteristics of a digital twin and its applications in chronic non-communicable metabolic disease management, with a focus on diabetes case studies. We cover various types of digital twin models, including mechanistic models based on ODEs, data-driven ML algorithms, and hybrid modeling strategies that combine the strengths of both approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhole blood: Total blood product ratio impacts survival in injured children.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg
October 2024
From the Department of Surgery (E.F., P.C.S., C.M.L.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Surgery (K.M.M., B.A.G.), University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas.
Article Synopsis
- A study investigated the effect of low titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) on survival rates in pediatric trauma patients, hypothesizing that a higher ratio of LTOWB to total blood product transfusions would improve survival outcomes.
- Data from a pediatric trauma center covering 2015-2022 showed that 95 children who received LTOWB had a median age of 10 years, and a significant portion of their total transfusion volume was from LTOWB.
- Results revealed that for every 10% increase in the LTOWB fraction of the total transfusion volume, in-hospital mortality decreased by 38%, highlighting the potential benefits of using LTOWB in traumatic resuscitation for children.
The Functional Integrity of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Can Be Objectively Assessed With the Use of Stress Radiographs: A Systematic Review.
Orthop J Sports Med
April 2024
Twin Cities Orthopedics, Edina, Minnesota, USA.
Background: Stress radiography is a viable imaging modality that can also be used to assess the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) after primary or secondary injury. Because conventional radiography is relatively easy, affordable, and available worldwide, the diagnostic efficacy of ACL standing, lateral decubitus, and supine stress radiography should be evaluated.
Purpose: To examine the existing literature regarding the application of stress radiography in evaluating the integrity of the ACL.
Neurons in primary visual cortex integrate sensory input with signals reflecting the animal's internal state to support flexible behavior. Internal variables, such as expectation, attention, or current goals, are imposed in a top-down manner via extensive feedback projections from higher-order areas. We optogenetically activated a high-order visual area, area 21a, in the lightly anesthetized cat (OptoTD), while recording from neuronal populations in V1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of hypocalcemia on mortality in pediatric trauma patients who require transfusion.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg
August 2024
From the Department of Surgery (E.A.K.), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA (E.F., K.M.M., P.C.S., C.M.L.); and University of Texas Southwestern, Department of Surgery, Dallas, TX (B.A.G.).
Background: Admission hypocalcemia has been associated with poor outcomes in injured adults. The impact of hypocalcemia on mortality has not been widely studied in pediatric trauma.
Methods: A pediatric trauma center database was queried retrospectively (2013-2022) for children younger than 18 years who received blood transfusion within 24 hours of injury and had ionized calcium (iCal) level on admission.