Extreme Heat Exposure and Adolescent Cognitive Function.

Background: Extreme heat exposure is an increasing public health concern, particularly in the context of climate change. Limited research has explored its impact on children's cognitive outcomes. This study investigates the association between extreme heat exposure and cognitive function in 9-10-year-old children, using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.

Heat Exposure Predicts Earlier Childhood Pubertal Initiation, Behavioral Problems, and Tobacco Use.

Background: Climate change has raised significant concerns about its impact on health, particularly for vulnerable populations such as children and adolescents. While extensive research has examined physical health effects, limited attention has been given to the influence of extreme heat on developmental and behavioral outcomes.

Objectives: This study investigates the association between extreme heat exposure and early puberty initiation (ages 9-10), using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.

Sex- and Age-Specific Analysis of Mountain Biking Injuries: A 10-Year Review of National Injury Data.

Background: Mountain biking (MTB) is a quickly growing sport, with many athletes sustaining high-impact injuries. Current literature has not analyzed the most recent MTB-related national emergency department (ED) injury data.

Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that (1) the total number of injuries presenting to US EDs would significantly increase over the study period, (2) male patients would experience higher rates of shoulder injuries and airborne injury mechanisms than female patients, and (3) youths would present more frequently with injuries of the head and face than adults.

Technology for sustainable living: The impact of digital inclusion on the health of China's elderly living alone.

Enhancing elderly health has become an important measure for coping with population ageing and building a healthy China. Among them, older adults living alone seem to suffer from greater loneliness and psychological stress. We analyzed data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2015, 2018, and 2020, and carried out an empirical investigation into the impact of digital inclusion on the health of elderly individuals living alone, using two-way fixed effects models and two-stage least squares.

Cancer burden across the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation in 2022.

Objective: The objective of this study is to present a cross-sectional analysis of cancer burden in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region and explain unique characteristics of its cancer burden as compared with the rest of the world.

Methods And Analysis: Using publicly available data from the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO) and the World Bank, we collected cancer statistics and population statistics for Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka from 2017 to 2022.

Results: The number of newly diagnosed cases in the region was 1 846 963, representing 9.

Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post-harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVH). Part 5 (Frozen FVH process water management plan).

Water used in post-harvest handling and processing operations is an important risk factor for microbiological cross-contamination of fruits, vegetables and herbs (FVH). Industrial data indicated that the frozen FVH sector is characterised by operational cycles between 8 and 120 h, variable product volumes and no control of the temperature of process water. Intervention strategies were limited to the use of water disinfection treatments such as peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide.

Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post-harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVH). Part 2 - A dynamic mass balance model for handling and processing operations in ffFVH using water.

A dynamic mass balance model was developed to simulate contamination dynamics in the process water of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVH) during processing and handling operations. The mass balance relates to the flux of water and product in a wash tank and the number of microbial cells released in the water, inactivated by the water disinfectant or transferred from the water back to the product. Critical variables describing microbial dynamics in water are: (i) the chemical oxygen demand (COD), as an indicator of the concentration of organic matter; (ii) free chlorine (FC) and particularly its antimicrobial fraction, hypochlorous acid (HOCl); and (iii) the microbial population levels.

Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post-harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVH). Part 4 (fresh-cut FVH process water management plan).

Water used in post-harvest handling and processing operations is an important risk factor for microbiological cross-contamination of fruits, vegetables and herbs (FVH). Industrial data indicated that the fresh-cut FVH sector is characterised by process water at cooled temperature, operational cycles between 1 and 15 h, and product volumes between 700 and 3000 kg. Intervention strategies were based on water disinfection treatments mostly using chlorine-based disinfectants.

Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post-harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVH). Part 3 (Fresh-whole FVH process water management plan).

Water used in post-harvest handling and processing operations is an important risk factor for microbiological cross-contamination of fruits, vegetables and herbs (FVH). Industrial data indicated that the fresh-whole FVH sector is characterised by very variable operational cycle duration (between 8 and 900 h), large product volumes (e.g.

Rapid synthesis of manganese dioxide nanoparticles for enhanced biocompatibility and theranostic applications.

Manganese dioxide (MnO), lauded for its biocompatibility and distinctive optical and physical characteristics, has become an indispensable material in the biomedical field, showing immense potential in disease detection, treatment, and prevention. Particularly, the ability of MnO nanoparticles to oxidize glutathione (GSH) to its oxidized form has positioned them as pivotal players in GSH sensing. However, conventional preparation methods, whether top-down or bottom-up, often result in nanoparticles that require multi-step processing and modification to achieve good dispersion in physiological conditions, which is both time-consuming and complex.

A free-radical initiator-based carrier-free smart nanobomb for targeted synergistic therapy of hypoxic breast cancer.

Thermodynamic therapy (TDT) is a promising alternative to photodynamic therapy (PDT) by absorbing heat through thermosensitive agents (TSAs) to generate oxygen-irrelevant highly toxic free radicals. Therefore, TDT can be a perfect partner for photothermal therapy (PTT) to achieve efficient synergistic treatment of anoxic tumors using a single laser, greatly simplifying the treatment process and overcoming hypoxia limitations. However, the issues of how to improve the stability and delivery efficiency of TSAs still need to be addressed urgently.

A critical assessment of male HIV/AIDS patients' satisfaction with antiretroviral therapy and its implications for sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Purpose: The emergence of unique and destructive viruses, such as COVID-19, has claimed lives, disrupted health systems and diverted resources from addressing the needs of male HIV/AIDS patients in the context of antiretroviral therapy and other HIV/AIDS-related issues. This study aims to assess male HIV/AIDS patients' satisfaction with antiretroviral therapy and its implications for sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Design/methodology/approach: Satisfaction, word-of-mouth, trust and revisit intention were the variables in the research model.

Versatile methodology for the synthesis of stable magnetic SERS-encoded clusters for sensing applications.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates are garnering increasing interest for ultrasensitive high-throughput sensing. Notably, SERS-encoded nanostructures stand out due to their potential for nearly unlimited codification with excellent optical properties. In this paper we report a simple, versatile and cost-effective method for preparing SERS-encoded clusters.

Placental ischemia during pregnancy induces hypertension, cerebral inflammation, and oxidative stress in dams postpartum.

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized as de novo hypertension (HTN) with end-organ damage, especially in the brain. PE is hypothesized to be caused by placental ischemia. PE affects ~5-8% of USA pregnancies and increases the risk for HTN and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) later in life.

Can an organizationally anchored, multilevel intervention improve perceived stress and psychosocial factors in the workplace? A pre-post study assessing effectiveness and implementation.

Background: Organizational multilevel interventions have been called for as a means to improve psychosocial working conditions, reduce stress, and enhance wellbeing in organizations. However, these types of interventions are highly complex to implement and evaluate, and they remain scarce in the literature. In this study, we present the evaluation of a multilevel intervention conducted in a municipality setting.

Versatile waste sorting in small batch and flexible manufacturing industries using deep learning techniques.

The expansion of LEAN and small batch manufacturing demands flexible automated workstations capable of switching between sorting various wastes over time. To address this challenge, our study is focused on assessing the ability of the Segment Anything Model (SAM) family of deep learning architectures to separate highly variable objects during robotic waste sorting. The proposed two-step procedure for generic versatile visual waste sorting is based on the SAM architectures (original SAM, FastSAM, MobileSAMv2, and EfficientSAM) for waste object extraction from raw images, and the use of classification architecture (MobileNetV2, VGG19, Dense-Net, Squeeze-Net, ResNet, and Inception-v3) for accurate waste sorting.

A deep learning based model for diabetic retinopathy grading.

Diabetic retinopathy stands as a leading cause of blindness among people. Manual examination of DR images is labor-intensive and prone to error. Existing methods to detect this disease often rely on handcrafted features which limit the adaptability and classification accuracy.

Oncolytic reprogramming of tumor microenvironment shapes CD4 T-cell memory via the IL6ra-Bcl6 axis for targeted control of glioblastoma.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) emerge as a promising cancer immunotherapy. However, the temporal impact on tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, and the nature of anti-tumor immunity post-therapy remain largely unclear. Here we report that CD4 T cells are required for durable tumor control in syngeneic murine models of glioblastoma multiforme after treatment with an oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) engineered to express IL-12.

Atmospheric wind energization of ocean weather.

Ocean weather comprises vortical and straining mesoscale motions, which play fundamentally different roles in the ocean circulation and climate system. Vorticity determines the movement of major ocean currents and gyres. Strain contributes to frontogenesis and the deformation of water masses, driving much of the mixing and vertical transport in the upper ocean.

Declines in anthropogenic mercury emissions in the Global North and China offset by the Global South.

Human activities have emitted substantial mercury into the atmosphere, significantly impacting ecosystems and human health worldwide. Currently, consistent methodologies to evaluate long-term mercury emissions across countries and industries are scant, hindering efforts to prioritize emission controls. Here, we develop a high-spatiotemporal-resolution dataset to comprehensively analyze global anthropogenic mercury emission patterns.

Extraction, Isolation, and Structural Elucidation of Acylated Triterpene Saponins from Asteraceae Family.

Saponins represent specialized (secondary) metabolites primarily sourced from plants, typically characterized by an aglycone component of triterpenoids or steroids, often referred to as sapogenin, coupled with sugar moieties. Their structural intricacy and diversity, along with their manifold pharmacological properties, have garnered significant interest among researchers. Notwithstanding this interest, the study of saponins has been encumbered by challenges in their isolation, purification, and structural characterization.

A Clinical Trial of 38% Silver Diamine Fluoride With Light Curing in Arresting Dentine Caries in Primary Teeth.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of semi-annual application of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) with and without light curing in arresting dentine caries in primary teeth.

Methods: Children aged 5-7 years with at least 1 active dentine carious lesion were randomly allocated into: Group 1 (38% SDF with light curing: applied SDF for 10 seconds and exposed to LED light for 20 seconds) and Group 2 (38% SDF without light curing: applied SDF for 10 seconds and isolated for 20 seconds). Both interventions were repeated every 6 months.

Postpartum Dams Exposed to a Low-Resource Environment Display Neuroinflammation, Elevated Corticosterone, and Anhedonia-like Behavior.

Women living in an impoverished environment after birth have an increased risk of developing postpartum depression (PP-Dep) and hypertension (PP-HTN). The mechanisms underlying these heightened risks are unknown and understudied. To examine the relation between reduced environmental resources, PP-Dep, and PP-HTN; postpartum rodent dams were exposed to the low-resource limited bedding and nesting (LBN) chronic stress model during weaning.

Sick of debt: How over-indebtedness is hampering health in rural Cambodia.

This paper evidences how many rural poor Cambodians are sick of debt. Based on original, mixed-method data (2020-2022), exploring credit provisioning in this context, the aim of this paper is to illuminate some of the conditions leading to rural Cambodians taking on debt to bolster their health, and the effects this is having on borrowers' physical, psychological, emotional and social health. Specifically, we show how the health of our participants is constrained by a range of major illnesses that many suffer from and their poor food conditions, both exacerbated by the effects of climate change.

Recreational marijuana legalization's impact and opioid death rates: A synthetic control approach.

Objectives: To develop a more robust understanding of the relationship between increased recreational marijuana access and opioid overdose deaths. Increasing opioid-related deaths in conjunction with the rising popularity of liberalized marijuana laws make additional research examining the interrelation of both a timely and insightful question.

Study Design: We use synthetic control method to assess the impact of opening recreational marijuana dispensaries via recreational marijuana legalization (RML) on opioid death rates in Colorado, Washington, and Oregon.