Enablers and barriers to effective HIV self-testing in the private sector among sexually active youths in Nigeria: A qualitative study using journey map methodology.

Background: HIV is a public health burden in Nigeria. HIV self-testing is one of the approaches to testing, which is the first of the 95:95:95 cascade of a coherent response to the epidemic. The ability to self-test HIV is influenced by various factors that can either serve as enablers or barriers.

Stakeholders' perception of a total market approach to HIV self-testing (HIVST) for the private sector in Nigeria.

Background: The continuous supply of affordable and quality HIV self-test (HIVST) is a key pillar toward achieving the global HIV 95-95-95 target in Nigeria. This was a descriptive qualitative study that explored private sector stakeholders' perceptions of the enablers and barriers of the HIVST market in Nigeria.

Methods: A total of 29 In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with HIVST supply chain stakeholders and private sector providers (PPMVs and Community Pharmacies).

The role of partners, parents and friends in shaping young women's reproductive choices in Peri-urban Nairobi: a qualitative study.

Background: Contraceptive use among young women in Nairobi remains low despite high general knowledge of family planning (FP) methods. This paper draws on social norms theory to explore the role of key influencers (partners, parents and friends) in women's FP use and how women anticipate normative reactions or sanctions.

Methods: A qualitative study with 16 women, 10 men and 14 key influencers across 7 peri-urban wards in Nairobi, Kenya.

The Psychological Science Accelerator's COVID-19 rapid-response dataset.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments.

Forecasting GDP with many predictors in a small open economy: forecast or information pooling?

Unlabelled: This study compares two distinct approaches, pooling forecasts from single indicator MIDAS models versus pooling information from indicators into factor MIDAS models, for short-term Singapore GDP growth forecasting with a large ragged-edge mixed frequency dataset. We consider various popular weighting schemes in the literature when conducting forecast pooling. As for factor extraction, both the conventional dynamic factor model and the three-pass regression filter approach are considered.

A 2 million-person, campaign-wide field experiment shows how digital advertising affects voter turnout.

We present the results of a large, US$8.9 million campaign-wide field experiment, conducted among 2 million moderate- and low-information persuadable voters in five battleground states during the 2020 US presidential election. Treatment group participants were exposed to an 8-month-long advertising programme delivered via social media, designed to persuade people to vote against Donald Trump and for Joe Biden.

A multi-lab test of the facial feedback hypothesis by the Many Smiles Collaboration.

Following theories of emotional embodiment, the facial feedback hypothesis suggests that individuals' subjective experiences of emotion are influenced by their facial expressions. However, evidence for this hypothesis has been mixed. We thus formed a global adversarial collaboration and carried out a preregistered, multicentre study designed to specify and test the conditions that should most reliably produce facial feedback effects.

The Benefits, Barriers, and Risks of Big-Team Science.

Progress in psychology has been frustrated by challenges concerning replicability, generalizability, strategy selection, inferential reproducibility, and computational reproducibility. Although often discussed separately, these five challenges may share a common cause: insufficient investment of intellectual and nonintellectual resources into the typical psychology study. We suggest that the emerging emphasis on can help address these challenges by allowing researchers to pool their resources together to increase the amount available for a single study.

In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g.

Are Small Effects the Indispensable Foundation for a Cumulative Psychological Science? A Reply to Götz et al. (2022).

In the January 2022 issue of , Götz et al. argued that small effects are "the indispensable foundation for a cumulative psychological science." They supported their argument by claiming that (a) psychology, like genetics, consists of complex phenomena explained by additive small effects; (b) psychological-research culture rewards large effects, which means small effects are being ignored; and (c) small effects become meaningful at scale and over time.

What Drives Knowledge Seeking, Sharing, and Use Among Family Planning Professionals? Behavioral Evidence From Africa, Asia, and the United States.

Objective: To contribute to strengthening family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH) programs by identifying behavioral factors that influence FP/RH professionals' knowledge management (KM) behaviors.

Methods: We conducted an online survey, in-depth interviews, and cocreation workshops between July 2019 and June 2020 with a convenience sample of FP/RH professionals in Africa, Asia, and the United States to explore their KM behaviors. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the survey data and inductive thematic analysis for the interviews, and we synthesized participant inputs from selected cocreation activities.

Use of digital media for family planning information by women and their social networks in Kenya: A qualitative study in peri-urban Nairobi.

Access to information about family planning (FP) continues to have financial, physical and social barriers among young women living in Kenya. This paper draws on social norms theory to explore how young women and their social networks access FP information on digital media (e.g.

Individual differences in adapting to temperature in French students are only related to attachment avoidance and loneliness.

Among animals, natural selection has resulted in a broad array of behavioural strategies to maintain core body temperature in a relatively narrow range. One important temperature regulation strategy is , which is often done by warming the body together with conspecifics. The literature suggests that the same selection pressures that apply to other animals also apply to humans, producing individual differences in the tendency to socially thermoregulate.

Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample.

The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem).

Navigating family planning access during Covid-19: A qualitative study of young women's access to information, support and health services in peri-urban Nairobi.

The COVID-19 response has profoundly affected women's access to family planning services in Kenya. While prior studies have shown how the COVID-19 response created barriers to accessing family planning (FP) services, less is known about how the pandemic affected the normative influence that partners, peers, and health providers exert on women's FP choices. In this qualitative study, we interviewed 16 women (aged 18-25 years), 10 men in partnerships with women, and 14 people in women's social networks across 7 low-income wards in Nairobi, Kenya.

Doctor recommendations and parents' HPV vaccination intentions in Kenya: A randomized survey.

The causal effect of a doctor's recommendation for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on parents' decisions in low-resource settings is not well understood. This study investigates how doctors' endorsement of the HPV vaccine communicated through a public health poster affects parents' decisions to vaccinate their daughters in Kenya. In January and February 2021, 600 parents of daughters eligible for the HPV vaccine but not yet vaccinated were recruited and completed a randomized survey.

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries.

Widespread acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for achieving sufficient immunization coverage to end the global pandemic, yet few studies have investigated COVID-19 vaccination attitudes in lower-income countries, where large-scale vaccination is just beginning. We analyze COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across 15 survey samples covering 10 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa and South America, Russia (an upper-middle-income country) and the United States, including a total of 44,260 individuals. We find considerably higher willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine in our LMIC samples (mean 80.

Adoption of community monitoring improves common pool resource management across contexts.

Pervasive overuse and degradation of common pool resources (CPRs) is a global concern. To sustainably manage CPRs, effective governance institutions are essential. A large literature has developed to describe the institutional design features employed by communities that successfully manage their CPRs.

Can community monitoring save the commons? Evidence on forest use and displacement.

Rapid deforestation is a major driver of greenhouse-gas emissions (1). One proposed policy tool to halt deforestation is community forest management. Even though communities manage an increasing proportion of the world's forests, we lack good evidence of successful approaches to community forest management.

Falling living standards during the COVID-19 crisis: Quantitative evidence from nine developing countries.

Despite numerous journalistic accounts, systematic quantitative evidence on economic conditions during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic remains scarce for most low- and middle-income countries, partly due to limitations of official economic statistics in environments with large informal sectors and subsistence agriculture. We assemble evidence from over 30,000 respondents in 16 original household surveys from nine countries in Africa (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda, Sierra Leone), Asia (Bangladesh, Nepal, Philippines), and Latin America (Colombia). We document declines in employment and income in all settings beginning March 2020.

Testing mHealth solutions at the last mile: insights from a study of technology-assisted community health referrals in rural Kenya.

Background: mHealth technologies are already disrupting conventional healthcare delivery by making innovative solutions more accessible in terms of reach and price across reach and price across the developing world. However, much less has been documented on the process of mHealth innovation introduction in the context of rural communities of Africa. Pending still is the widespread adoption of standards and the removal of barriers to introduction, testing and scale.