The effect of non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation on the duration of non-invasive respiratory support in late preterm and term infants with transient tachypnea of the newborn: a randomized controlled trial.

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is one of the most commonly used non-invasive respiratory support modes in neonates with transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN). Non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) is a non-invasive respiratory support mode that has been increasingly used in neonatal respiratory disorders. This prospective randomized controlled study compared the efficacy of nHFOV and nCPAP in reducing the duration of non-invasive respiratory support.

Mean Platelet Volume and Mean Platelet Volume/Platelet Count Ratio Are Predictors of Late-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants: A Case-Control Study.

Our aim was to assess mean platelet volume (MPV) and mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio (MPR) in the setting of late-onset sepsis (LOS) and their association with the type of bacteria causing LOS. The MPV and MPR levels were obtained at the onset of LOS and then assessed in intra/inter group analyses in preterm infants. Overall, 136 preterm infants were enrolled.

Red cell distribution width as a predictor of late-onset Gram-negative sepsis.

Background: Late-onset sepsis (LOS) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. In this study, our aim was to investigate the red-cell distribution width (RDW) levels during a LOS episode, and its association with the type of growing microorganism and mortality.

Methods: Preterm infants with culture-proven sepsis during their neonatal intensive care unit stay were enrolled.

Achondrogenesis Type 2 in a Newborn with a Novel Mutation on the Gene.

Achondrogenesis is a group of rare and fatal disorders occurring in approximately one in every 40,000-60,000 newborns. Achondrogenesis is classified in three groups, as Achondrogenesis type 1A (Houston-Harris type or AC-G1A), Achondrogenesis type 1B (Parenti-Fraccaro type or ACG1B) and Achondrogenesis type 2 (Langer-Saldino type or ACG2), depending on clinical and radiological findings. Achondrogenesis Type 2 is a lethal skeletal dysplasia that is typically characterized by short arms and legs, a small chest with short ribs, lung hypoplasia, a prominent forehead, a small chin, and an enlarged abdomen that may accompanied by polydramnios and hydrops.

Serial Carboxyhemoglobin Levels and Its Relationship with Late Onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants: An Observational Cohort Study.

This study aimed at assessing the serial carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in preterm infants during the first week of life and their variation with late-onset sepsis (LOS). Infants with <37 gestational weeks were categorized into two groups according to the presence of culture proven LOS. Serial COHb levels were obtained during the first week of life, at the onset of the LOS episode, and upon blood culture negativity with response to antibiotics.

Glutathione synthetase deficiency: a novel mutation with femur agenesis.

Glutathione synthetase (GSS) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder (frequency < 1/1,000,000) with different varyingly severe clinical manifestations that include metabolic acidosis, hemolytic anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, neurological disorders and sepsis. This infant was small for gestational age, had hemolytic anemia, metabolic acidosis, bilateral subependymal pseudocysts and increased echogenicity of the basal ganglia. GSS deficiency was confirmed by genetic analysis.

Elevated blood carboxyhemoglobin levels as an early predictor of phototherapy requirement in moderate and late preterm infants.

Preterm infants are prone to increased bilirubin burden and display adverse outcomes if left unmonitored; therefore, predicting an increased bilirubin production is of paramount importance. We aimed to evaluate carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in moderate (GA: 32-33) and late preterm (GA: 34-36) infants to assess whether this molecule could be used as an early predictor of phototherapy requirement. A total of 221 infants were enrolled in the study.