Clinical correlates of a single-item physical activity questionnaire among patients undergoing stress SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging.

Background: There has been an increasing call for employing ultrashort exercise activity questionnaires as a clinical "vital sign". To-date, this has not been applied to patients undergoing cardiac stress testing.

Methods: We evaluated 1136 patients who completed a one-item exercise questionnaire before undergoing stress SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).

A Novel Pathway of Platelet Activation in ACS Mediated by LL-37 Immunoglobulin G Autoantibody Immune Complexes.

The cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 is a self-antigen in neutrophil extracellular traps that provokes autoantibody responses in autoimmune/autoinflammatory conditions. LL-37 immunoglobulin (Ig) G autoantibody levels were measured in subjects with and without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease assessed using the coronary artery calcium score, in patients who had a future myocardial infarction and in a cohort of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. LL-37 IgG levels were not associated with coronary artery calcium score, but future myocardial infarction patients had significantly higher LL-37 IgG at baseline.

Piezo1 channels restrain ILC2s and regulate the development of airway hyperreactivity.

Mechanosensitive ion channels sense force and pressure in immune cells to drive the inflammatory response in highly mechanical organs. Here, we report that Piezo1 channels repress group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2)-driven type 2 inflammation in the lungs. Piezo1 is induced on lung ILC2s upon activation, as genetic ablation of Piezo1 in ILC2s increases their function and exacerbates the development of airway hyperreactivity (AHR).

Absence of CD80 reduces HSV-1 replication in the eye and delays reactivation but not latency levels.

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infections are among the most frequent serious viral eye infections in the U.S. and are a major cause of viral-induced blindness.

10-year experience of utilizing a stress-first SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging.

Background: Despite its potential benefits, the utilization of stress-only protocol in clinical practice has been limited. We report utilizing stress-first single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).

Methods: We assessed 12,472 patients who were referred for SPECT-MPI between 2013 and 2020.

Is typical angina still prognostically important? The influence of "treatment bias" upon prognostic assessments.

Background: Since typical angina has become less frequent, it is unclear if this symptom still has prognostic significance.

Methods: We evaluated 38,383 patients undergoing stress/rest SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging followed for a median of 10.9 years.

Increasing frequency of dyspnea among patients referred for cardiac stress testing.

Objective: To assess the frequency, change in prevalence, and prognostic significance of dyspnea among contemporary patients referred for cardiac stress testing.

Patients And Methods: We evaluated the prevalence of dyspnea and its relationship to all-cause mortality among 33,564 patients undergoing stress/rest SPECT-MPI between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2017. Dyspnea was assessed as a single-item question.

Comparison of coronary artery calcium scores among patients referred for cardiac imaging tests.

Background: While coronary artery calcium (CAC) can now be evaluated by multiple imaging modalities, there is presently scant study regarding how CAC scores may vary among populations of varying clinical risk.

Methods: We evaluated the distribution of CAC scores among three patient groups: 18,941 referred for CAC scanning, 5101 referred for diagnostic coronary CT angiography (CCTA), and 3307 referred for diagnostic positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). We assessed the relationship between CAC score and myocardial ischemia, obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), and all-cause mortality across imaging modalities.

Decline in typical angina among patients referred for cardiac stress testing.

Objective: To evaluate temporal trends in the prevalence of typical angina and its clinical correlates among patients referred for stress/rest SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI).

Patients And Methods: We evaluated the prevalence of chest pain symptoms and their relationship to inducible myocardial ischemia among 61,717 patients undergoing stress/rest SPECT-MPI between January 2, 1991 and December 31, 2017. We also assessed the relationship between chest pain symptom and angiographic findings among 6,579 patients undergoing coronary CT angiography between 2011 and 2017.

Assessment of lifestyle-related risk factors enhances the effectiveness of cardiac stress testing.

Cardiac stress tests have been widely utilized since the 1960s for the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Clinical risk is primarily based on assessing the presence and magnitude of inducible myocardial ischemia. However, the primary factors driving mortality risk have changed over recent decades.

Benefit of Early Revascularization Based on Inducible Ischemia and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction.

Background: The utility of performing early myocardial revascularization among patients presenting with inducible myocardial ischemia and low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is currently unknown.

Objectives: In this study, we sought to assess the relationship between stress-induced myocardial ischemia, revascularization, and all-cause mortality (ACM) among patients with normal vs low LVEF.

Methods: We evaluated 43,443 patients undergoing stress-rest single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging from 1998 to 2017.

Integrative multiomics-histopathology analysis for breast cancer classification.

Histopathologic evaluation of biopsy slides is a critical step in diagnosing and subtyping breast cancers. However, the connections between histology and multi-omics status have never been systematically explored or interpreted. We developed weakly supervised deep learning models over hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained slides to examine the relations between visual morphological signal, clinical subtyping, gene expression, and mutation status in breast cancer.

The prevalence and predictors of inducible myocardial ischemia among patients referred for radionuclide stress testing.

Background: The frequency of inducible myocardial ischemia has declined in contemporary stress test cohorts, suggesting a need to re-evaluate its optimal use. To-date, however, a comprehensive analysis of the most potent predictors of myocardial ischemia among cardiac stress test patients has not been conducted.

Methods: We assessed 27,615 patients referred for stress-rest SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2017.

Synergistic Assessment of Mortality Risk According to Body Mass Index and Exercise Ability and Capacity in Patients Referred for Radionuclide Stress Testing.

Objective: To determine the interrelationship between body mass index (BMI), mode of stress testing (exercise or pharmacological), exercise capacity, and all-cause mortality in patients referred for stress-rest single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging.

Patients And Methods: We evaluated all-cause mortality in 21,638 patients undergoing stress-rest single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging between January 2, 1991, and December 31, 2012. Patients were divided into exercise and pharmacologically tested groups and 9 BMI categories.

Suppression of CD80 Expression by ICP22 Affects Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Replication and CD8IFN-γ Infiltrates in the Eyes of Infected Mice but Not Latency Reactivation.

Previously, we reported that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP22 binds to the CD80 promoter and suppresses its expression and . To better understand the impact of ICP22 binding to CD80 on HSV-1 infectivity and pathogenicity, we mapped the region of ICP22 required to bind the CD80 promoter to a 40-amino-acid (aa) region of ICP22. We constructed a recombinant HSV-1 expressing a truncated form of ICP22 that lacks these 40 aa, which does not bind to the CD80 promoter (KOS-ICP22Δ40) and retains the ability to replicate efficiently in rabbit skin cells, in contrast to ICP22-null virus.

Feasibility of Using an Ultrashort Lifestyle Questionnaire to Predict Future Mortality Risk among Patients with Suspected Heart Disease.

Adverse health behaviors are potent drivers of chronic disease and premature mortality. This has led to the development of various lifestyle scores to predict clinical risk, but their complexity makes them impractical for use in clinical settings. Thus, there is a need to develop a brief lifestyle score that can assess factors such as exercise and diet within the constraints of routine medical practice.

Changing Drivers of Mortality Among Patients Referred for Cardiac Stress Testing.

Objective: To identify temporal shifts in coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor profiles, clinical parameters, and corresponding mortality rates among patients referred for radionuclide stress testing over 22 years.

Patients And Methods: We assessed 39,750 patients with suspected CAD ("diagnostic" patients) and 10,982 patients with known CAD who underwent radionuclide stress testing between January 2, 1991, and December 31, 2012, and were followed up for at least 5 years (median, 12.7 years).