[IDH1- and IDH2-mutations in brain glial tumors - the new antioncogenic mechanism].

Mutant forms of the gene IDH1 progress significantly slower, have a lower risk of neoplastic transformation, and generally, mutations of this gene have a pronounced anti-oncogenic effect. At the same time, almost all mutations are quite stereotyped (98,9%) and occur in the same region of the gene - R132H mutations. IDH1 gene mutations is a complex multi-layered process, which is a completely new, not previously described anti-oncogene activation mechanism of intracellular protection.

Relative Abundance of Proteins in Blood Plasma Samples from Patients with Chronic Cerebral Ischemia.

A comparative protein profile analysis of 17 blood plasma samples from patients with ischemia and 20 samples from healthy volunteers was carried out using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. The analysis of measurements was performed using the proteomics search engine OMSSA. Normalized spectrum abundance factor (NSAF) in the biological samples was assessed using SearchGUI.

Systematic Review of Factors Influencing Surgical Performance: Practical Recommendations for Microsurgical Procedures in Neurosurgery.

Background: Microneurosurgical techniques involve complex manual skills and hand-eye coordination that require substantial training. Many factors affect microneurosurgical skills. The goal of this study was to use a systematic evidence-based approach to analyze the quality of evidence for intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence microneurosurgical performance and to make weighted practical recommendations.

IncobotulinumtoxinA treatment of facial nerve palsy after neurosurgery.

Background: This study evaluates the effect of incobotulinumtoxinA in the acute and chronic phases of facial nerve palsy after neurosurgical interventions.

Methods: Patients received incobotulinumtoxinA injections (active treatment group) or standard rehabilitation treatment (control group). Functional efficacy was assessed using House-Brackmann, Yanagihara System and Sunnybrook Facial Grading scales, and Facial Disability Index self-assessment.

Post-translational modifications of FDA-approved plasma biomarkers in glioblastoma samples.

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze plasma proteins of volunteers (control) and patients with glioblastoma multiform (GBM). A database search was pre-set with a variable post-translational modification (PTM): phosphorylation, acetylation or ubiquitination. There were no significant differences between the control and the GBM groups regarding the number of protein identifications, sequence coverage or number of PTMs.

[Outcomes of surgical treatment of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy].

Aim: To evaluate the results of surgical treatment of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy.

Material And Methods: Examination and surgical treatment of 61 patients with pharmacoresistant forms of symptomatic epilepsy were performed from 01.01.

[Clinical, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic prognostic factors in adult patients with glioblastoma].

Unlabelled: Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant glial tumor of the brain in adult patients.

Aim: to define the prognostic value of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH-1) mutation and methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status in patients with glioblastoma (GB) and to analyze the impact of clinical data (gender, age, and tumor site), histological variants of the tumor structure, and time to development of recurrences on the course of the disease.

Subjects And Methods: The investigation enrolled 63 GB patients aged 18 to 71 years who had received combined treatment (surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy) at the N.

[The cholinergic deficiency syndrome in patients with depressed consciousness after severe brain injury].

Aim: To determine the clinical and electrophysiological (EEG) signs of cholinergic deficiency in the process of recovery of consciousness in patients with severe brain injury.

Material And Methods: Thirty-seven people (24 men and 13 women, mean age 32±14 years) were studied. A comprehensive study included assessment of neurological status, mental activity, and EEG.

[The limit of reference range of TSH: long-term discussion and possibilities of modern diagnostic.].

The review considers problem of upper limit of reference interval of TSH that is discussed predominantly by endocrinologists out of laboratory community. The common values of 0.4-4.

Identification of Central Nervous System Proteins in Human Blood Serum and Plasma.

Mass-spectrometric identification of proteins in human blood plasma and serum was performed by comparing mass-spectra of fragmented peptides using Swiss-Prot and UniProtKB databases of amino acid sequences. After choosing the appropriate identification conditions we found that combination of spectrum search parameters are optimal for identification of CNS proteins. In the studied plasma and serum samples, 9 proteins involved into pathological processes in the nervous tissue were identified; 7 of them were identified in both plasma and serum.

[Clinical syndromes of neurotransmitter system dysfunction in severe brain injury].

Aim: To explore neurotransmitter system dysfunctions involved in maintaining of consciousness and motor functions in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to assess their severity and predictive value.

Material And Methods: Authors examined 100 patients (34 women and 66 men), aged 32.0 ± 13.

[Surgical treatment of cerebral vascular diseases].

Theoretical and practical aspects of the complex treatment of brain and spinal vascular diseases using microsurgical, endovascular and radiosurgical methods are considered. Authors present the data demonstrating that, due to the implementation of the program of development of vascular centers in the Russian Federation, considerable progress was made in the treatment of cerebral aneurisms and hemorrhagic stroke. In author's opinion, wide introduction of surgical methods in the treatment of occlusive lesions of the blood vessels supplying the brain is needed.

[Clinical/encephalographic syndrome of dopamine deficiency in patients with depressed consciousness after severe brain injury].

Objective: To determine electroencephalographic signs of dopamine deficiency syndrome during the recovery after severe brain injury (SBI).

Material And Methods: We studied 35 patients with SBI (23 men and 12 women, mean age 29 ± 13 years).

Results And Conclusion: We identified a set of neurological symptoms (increased muscular tone of extrapyramidal type, rest tremor, autonomic disorders, which were most characteristic of the autonomic state, and some forms of mutism associated, according to current conceptions, with the dopaminergic system deficiency syndrome.

[Pharmacotherapy accompanied by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson's disease].

Aim: To analyze pharmacotherapy accompanied by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus.

Material And Methods: The study included 54 patients, who underwent bilateral STN DBS from 2003 to 2012. The severity of motor disturbances, activities of daily living and complications of dopaminergic therapy were estimated in accordance with II, III and IV parts of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) before operation and one, three and four years after it.

[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome with three classical components and chiasm glioma: specific features of target organ lesions and a clinical observation].

The article briefly reviews the specific features of target-organ lesions in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome and a clinical case of genetically confirmed MEN1 syndrome in a young female patient. Despite the relative rarity of this disease, timely diagnosis, treatment and screening for its main components are very important for the overall prognosis of patients with MEN1 and their first-degree relatives who are MEN1 gene mutation carriers. The described case is noteworthy for a number of specific features.

Analysis of expression of microRNAs and genes involved in the control of key signaling mechanisms that support or inhibit development of brain tumors of different grades.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of key biological processes. Different miRNAs with pro-oncogenic and anti-oncogenic properties have been identified in glioblastomas. We decided to analyze expression profiles of 10 mature miRNAs (miR-7-1, miR-10а, miR-17, miR-20а, miR-21, miR-23а, miR-26а, miR-137, and miR-222) in post-surgery glioma specimens of different grades in order to find whether the expression level correlates with tumor grades.

[Potentialities of spiral computed tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic injuries of the midface].

The paper summarizes the results of examination of 169 patients referred to the surgeon in the period from 1 till 47 days after medial facial (MF) trauma by using spiral computed tomography (SCT) and the method of laser stereolitography (LSLG). The actual aspects of diagnosis and treatment are marked; the methods for the analysis of injuries of soft tissue structures and adjacent areas while orbit trauma are developed together with the methods for determination of degree of enophthalmos. Also discussed are the possibilities of SCT and LSLG in visualization of MF injuries and planning patient treatment.

[Immunohistochemical study of apoptosis in the cells of experimental injured spinal cord].

We studied the temporal and spatial profile of apoptosis following acute spinal cord (SC) injury in rats and influence of chicken yolk transplantation on the programmed cell death. 18 female rats were subjected to complete SC transsection with removal of three millimeters of the SC at the level of the ninth thoracic vertebra. The gap was filled with denaturated chicken yolk in 9 animals.

[Proliferative markers of meningiomas: immunohistochemical analysis and prognostic value].

Routine pathological examination cannot precisely predict the clinical course of meningiomas because even histologically benign tumors may recur after total removal. And so, numerous efforts have been made for evaluation of meningioma growth fraction and its prognostic value. In this study the prognostic significance of DNA toposiomerase II alpha (topoII) and cyclin A immunohistochemistry was examined in a series of 263 meningiomas.

[An immunohistochemical study of the expression of the epithelial antigen Ber-EP4 and other tissue-specific antigens in primary and metastatic brain tumors].

The expression of the Ber-EP4 epithelial antigen is shown to be a valuable criterion for differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic brain tumors. An important role for immunological typing of brain tumors belongs to verification of the acid glial fibrillar protein, synaptophysin, vimentine, common leucocytic antigen and melanoma HMB-45 antigen. The use of the above antibodies spectrum is most valid both for differential diagnosis of metastatic and primary brain tumors and for specification of histogenetic origin of different poorly differentiated intracranial tumors.

[Immunohistochemical study of neoplasm-associated proteins in cerebellum medulloblastomas].

Tumor-associated proteins are studied immunohistochemically in 86 medulloblastomas (MB). Three main variants of their coexpression (70% of all cases studied) are distinguished. The 1st variant (24 cases): expression of Rb and nm23 proteins and the lack of tenascin expression.

[Foci of pathological activity in the human brain and their influence on the spatial-temporal relationships of the EEG].

EEGs of 51 patients with focal brain lesions (tumor localized in brain hemispheres) were analyzed. Coherence functions were calculated between the EEG recorded from the intact and lesioned hemispheres and three-dimensional analysis of the delta-wave "source" localization was conducted. The revealed delta-wave "sources" localized in the perifocal region of the lesioned hemisphere demonstrated its dynamic properties and a tendency for fluctuations.

[Immunohistochemical changes in apoptosis in glioblastoma of the cerebral hemispheres].

Apoptosis was studied in 80 glioblastomas by ISEL method. Considerable variability of apoptosis index was found in glioblastomas, this indicating a non-uniform role of the "programmed death" in these malignant tumors. A certain association is established between the apoptosis expression and expression of p53 oncoprotein.