[Efficacy of standard methods in the treatment of prolactin-secreting pituitary carcinoma].

Pituitary carcinoma (metastatic neuroendocrine tumor of the pituitary gland) is the pituitary tumor with confirmed craniospinal and/or systemic metastases. These tumors are extremely rare accounting for only 0.1% to 0.

[Experience with the use of bacteriophages in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, complicated by recurrent lower urinary tract infection].

Clinical cases of three patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, complicated by chronic urinary tract infection are presented in the article. All patients underwent clean intermittent catheterization and, in order to prevent symptomatic lower urinary tract infections, received bacteriophage therapy with a clinically proven positive effect. During 3 months follow-up, there were no episodes of urinary tract infection.

[Reset osmostat syndrome - when hyponatremia become «a normal»: diagnostics, case report].

Reset osmostat syndrome (ROS) is characterized by a change of normal plasma osmolality threshold (decrease or increase), which leads to chronic dysnatremia (hypo- or hypernatremia). We have described a clinical case of ROS and chronic hyponatremia in a patient with chordoid glioma of the III ventricle. It is known that the patient had previously been diagnosed with hyponatremia (131-134 mmol/l).

Neurosurgical skills analysis by machine learning models: systematic review.

Machine learning (ML) models are being actively used in modern medicine, including neurosurgery. This study aimed to summarize the current applications of ML in the analysis and assessment of neurosurgical skills. We conducted this systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Craniotomy size determines the neurosurgeon - microscope interaction: A proof-of-concept study.

Purpose: Our study aimed to compare the differences in quantitative parameters, describing the processes of neurosurgeons' interaction with a microscope when performing traditional and minimally invasive approaches.

Methods: We designed a prospective observational study to assess the quantitative parameters of neurosurgeon-microscope interactions. Eighteen patients with intracranial tumors were enrolled in the research.

Autologous fibrin glue for endoscopic skull base repair in patients with cerebrospinal fluid leakage.

Unlabelled: The main stages of endoscopic skull base repair in patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage are identification of bone boundaries of the fistula and its closure by auto- and allografts. Fibrin glue can be used to fix plastic materials and additionally seal skull base defect.

Objective: To analyze efficacy and safety of Vivostat autologous fibrin glue for endoscopic skull base repair in patients with nasal CSF leakage and to compare postoperative outcomes after defect closure by Vivostat fibrin glue and allogeneic fibrin glue.

Radiological biomarkers of brain gliomas.

The most important objective of modern neuroimaging is comparison of data on genotype and phenotype of brain gliomas. Radiogenomics as a new branch of science is devoted to searching for such relationships based on MRI and PET/CT parameters. The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system poses the most important tasks for physicians in assessment of biological behavior of tumors and their response to combined treatment.

Pineal cyst management: A single-institution experience spanning two decades.

Background: Pineal cysts (PCs) are benign lesions commonly found on intracranial imaging. Despite their high prevalence, there is no clear consensus on the most appropriate management of patients with PCs, especially those with symptomatic nonhydrocephalic cysts.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 142 patients with PCs (103 surgical cases and 39 conservatively managed cases).

[Adipsic diabetes insipidus after transsphenoidal surgery for suprasellar intraventricular].

Presented case demonstrates a rare diencephalic pathology - adipsic diabetes insipidus (ADI) with severe hypernatremia in a 58-year-old woman after ttranssphenoidal removal of stalk intraventricular craniopharyngioma. ADI was diagnosed because of hypernatremia (150-155 mmol/L), polyuria (up to 4 liters per day) and absence of thirst. Normalization of water-electrolyte balance occurred on the background of desmopressin therapy and sufficient hydration in postoperative period.

[Comparison of resting state and task-based functional MRI in preoperative mapping in patients with brain gliomas].

Objective: To analyze and compare the results of cerebral cortex mapping with task-based (tb-fMRI) and resting-state functional MRI in patients with glioma of eloquent cortical areas.

Material And Methods: There were 55 patients (24 men and 31 women aged 24 - 74 years, median 39) with glial tumors. In 26 patients, the tumor was located in motor areas.

Neuromonitoring of the language pathways using cortico-cortical evoked potentials: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) are a surge in activity of one cortical zone caused by stimulation of another cortical zone. Recording of CCEP may be a useful method of intraoperative monitoring of the brain pathways, particularly of the language-related tracts. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis, dedicated to the clinical question: Does the CCEP recording effectively predict the postoperative speech deficits in neurosurgical patients? We conducted language-restricted PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane database search for eligible studies of CCEP published until March 2021.

[Ct-angiography in assessment of critical occlusive carotid artery disease].

Background: Occlusive carotid artery disease is still one of the major causes of ischemic stroke in the world. Progression of severe carotid stenosis may lead to critical stenosis and vascular occlusion. Nevertheless, there is still no pure definition of the concept of critical occlusive carotid artery disease.

[Results of minimally invasive lumbar fusion in professional athletes: a single-center retrospective study].

Unlabelled: Professional athletes have a high basic level of physical fitness and significant motivation for returning to previous rhythm of functional activity within the shortest period after trauma without deterioration of baseline level of sportsmanship. Despite the well-presented results of lumbar spine fusion in general population, these data among professional athletes are not well understood.

Objective: To analyze the results of minimally invasive lumbar fusion in professional athletes.

Cerebellar anaplastic astrocytoma in adult patients: 15 consecutive cases from a single institution and literature review.

Adult cerebellar anaplastic astrocytomas (cAA) are rare entities and their clinical and genetic appearances are still ill defined. Previously, malignant gliomas of the cerebellum were combined and reviewed together (cAA and cerebellar glioblastomas (cGB), that could have possibly affected overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). We present characteristics of 15 adult patients with cAA and compared them to a series of 45 patients with a supratentorial AA (sAA) in order to elicit the effect of tumor location on OS and PFS.

Supracerebellar infratentorial inverted subchoroidal approach to lateral ventricle lesions: Anatomical study and illustrative case.

Background: This study provides an anatomical description of a novel supracerebellar infratentorial inverted subchoroidal (SIIS) approach to the lateral ventricle. An illustrative case is presented in which this approach was used to simultaneously resect two tumors residing in the posterior fossa and lateral ventricle.

Methods: The SIIS approach was performed on five cadaveric heads using microsurgical and endoscopic techniques.

[Combination of pituitary adenomas and intracranial aneurysms].

The combination of intracranial tumors and asymptomatic brain aneurysms is an urgent problem, since it can significantly affect surgical intervention. Aneurysms are common in patients with meningioma, glioma and pituitary adenoma. According to certain authors, combination of aneurysms with pituitary adenomas is 7 times more common than with other tumors.

[Treatment outcomes in patients with central nervous system germinoma (neuro-ophthalmic aspects)].

Objective: The analyze the neuro-ophthalmic outcomes in patients with pineal and suprasellar germinoma after complex treatment.

Material And Methods: There were 125 patients (88 males, 37 females) with primary CNS germinoma for the period 2008-2017. All patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the tumor localization: pineal area - 62 patients, suprasellar neoplasm - 38 patients, bifocal germinoma - 25 patients.

[Efficiency and safety of minimally invasive approaches for microsurgical treatment of brain aneurysms].

Unlabelled: Background. Brain aneurysms are found in 1-2% of population and cause subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 80-85% of cases. In recent decades, the incidence of unruptured aneurysms has increased due to widespread availability of CT and MRI.

[Effectiveness of simultaneous and staged minimally invasive dorsal decompression-stabilization procedures in patients with lumbar spine degenerative diseases].

Unlabelled: Minimally invasive procedures reduce the trauma of spine surgery. However, they are associated with high complexity of manipulations, long learning curve, need for expensive equipment for intraoperative navigation and significant irradiation. Various options for surgical approaches are being developed to reduce irradiation of medical staff and patients, surgery time and the number of drugs administered for general anesthesia.

[Smoking as a risk factor of advanced heterotopic ossification in patients after lumbar total disk arthroplasty].

Unlabelled: Smoking is an obvious risk factor of adverse events in early and long-term postoperative period after spine surgery including lumbar total disk arthroplasty. Objective. To study the effect of smoking on clinical and radiological outcomes after lumbar total disk arthroplasty.

[The prognostic value of mri-classification of traumatic brain lesions level and localization depending on neuroimaging timing].

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) classification of traumatic brain lesion localization and levels in patients with a brain injury of various severity in a few days to three weeks after the injury.

Material And Methods: The cohort of 278 patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) of various severity aged 8-74 y.o.

A vascular-task response dependency and its application in functional imaging of brain tumors.

Purpose: Preoperative functional MRI (fMRI) is limited by a muted BOLD response caused by abnormal vasoreactivity and resultant neurovascular uncoupling adjacent to malignant brain tumors. We propose to overcome this limitation and more accurately identify eloquent areas adjacent to brain tumors by independently assessing vasoreactivity using breath-holding and incorporating these data into the fMRI analysis.

Methods: Local vasoreactivity using a breath-holding paradigm with the same timing as the functional motor and language tasks was determined in 16 patients (9 glioblastomas, 1 anaplastic astrocytoma, 5 low grade astrocytomas, and 1 metastasis) and 6 healthy control subjects.

Burr Hole Microsurgery for Intracranial Tumors and Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Results of 200 Consecutive Operations.

Objective: Recently, in modern neurosurgery, a tendency toward low-traumatic surgical approaches has become clear. To provide a minimal degree of injury to the brain tissue, we have offered microsurgical approaches through a burr hole.

Methods: From February 2016 to November 2017, 200 microsurgical interventions through a single burr hole with a diameter of 14 mm were performed.

Brain Mesh: Technical Note.

Background: Standard electrostimulation cortical mapping includes application of electrical current to the explored areas through an electrode and marking of functional zones by means of paper tags with different symbols. This approach has several disadvantages. First, the electrode is moved randomly.