Radiation dosimetry performance appraisal of the optimal concentration of nitro blue tetrazolium dye in PVA composite film at low X-ray doses.

Purpose: Due to the extensive use of radiation in various fields, such as food safety, sterilizing surgical materials, and medical diagnostics, it is essential to minimize radiation exposure for both patients and healthcare professionals, even at low doses. To meet this requirement, a composite film has been developed using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) dye to measure low radiation doses effectively.

Methods: Various concentrations of NBT dye (ranging from 0.

Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activities of novel hydrazone derivatives downregulation of interleukin-6.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity worldwide. Sorafenib is a first-line drug for the treatment of HCC, however, it is reported to cause serious adverse effects and may lead to resistance in many patients. In this study, 20 hydrazone derivatives incorporating triazoles, pyrazolone, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, imidazoline, quinazoline, and oxadiazine moieties were designed, synthesized, and characterized.

Assessment of Nursing Shortage and Calculation Methods in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Government Hospitals.

Background This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the prevalence of nursing staff shortages in government hospitals in Saudi Arabia, investigate the methods used to assess these shortages, and examine the association between the demographic variables of nursing directors and their ability to calculate staffing shortages. Methods A survey was conducted among current and past nursing directors in government hospitals across Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire that covered demographic information, work-related characteristics, and perceptions of nursing staffing plan estimation methods.

A novel mucoadhesive paliperidone-nanoemulsion developed using the ultrasonication method in the treatment of schizophrenia.

: To develop paliperidone mucoadhesive-nanoemulsion (PLP-NE) to enhance brain bioavailability. To evaluate comparative effects of PLP-NE and CS-PLP-NE in the treatment of schizophrenia, followed by a toxicity study of opt-NE. : Oil: oleic acid, surfactant: Tween-80, and co-surfactant: Labrasol were chosen based on the solubility and maximum nanoemulsion area.

Occurrence, evaluation, and human health risk assessment of ochratoxin a in infant formula and cereal-based baby food: a global literature systematic review.

This study reviews global levels of ochratoxin A (OTA) in infant formula and cereal-based foods, using Monte Carlo simulation to assess risks. The review found 24 studies on global OTA levels in infant food and cereal-based products, using databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase until March 2024. We estimated OTA exposure in infant food based on concentration, intake and body weight.

Optimized Ribociclib nanostructured lipid carrier for the amelioration of skin cancer: Inferences from skin permeation and dermatokinetic studies.

Current research focuses on explicitly developing and evaluating nanostructured lipidic carriers (NLCs) for the chemotherapeutic drug Ribociclib (RCB) via the topical route to surmount the inherent bioavailability shortcomings. The absolute oral bioavailability has not been determined, but using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model it was predicted that 65.8 % of the standard dose of RCB (600 mg) would be absorbed mainly in the small intestine.

Quinacrine enhances the efficacy of cisplatin by increasing apoptosis and modulating cancer survival proteins in a colorectal cancer cell line.

Background: Cisplatin and platinum-based compounds have been used successfully to treat various cancers. However, their use is often restricted due to the acquired resistance by cancer cells. Over-expression of p53 and inhibition of NF-kB sensitize several cancer cells towards cisplatin-induced apoptosis.

Neuroprotective potential of Afzelin: A novel approach for alleviating catalepsy and modulating Bcl-2 expression in Parkinson's disease therapy.

The lost dopaminergic neurons in the brain prevent mobility in Parkinson's disease (PD). It is impossible to stop the disease's progress by means of symptoms management. Research focuses on oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal degeneration.

A discursive presentation of community pharmacies: Premises, storage, staff, documentation and legal compliance.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess compliance with legal requirements, safe medication storage and staffing standards in community pharmacies in Punjab, Pakistan.

Method: We conducted a three-step cross-sectional study using observations, questionnaires and face-to-face interviews in 544 systematically-selected community pharmacies. We used descriptive statistic and one-way ANOVA to assess the data.

Assessment of Public Knowledge about Chronic Kidney Disease and Factors Influencing Knowledge Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study.

: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant risk for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), cardiovascular diseases, and premature death. The study aims to assess CKD knowledge and predictive variables among the general public. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the general public in Al Medina Al-Munawara, Saudi Arabia, utilizing a 21-item questionnaire-based approach over a 4-month period from January 2023 to April 2023.

Role of Three-Dimensional Printing in Treatment Planning for Orthognathic Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing refers to a wide range of additive manufacturing processes that enable the construction of structures and models. It has been rapidly adopted for a variety of surgical applications, including the printing of patient-specific anatomical models, implants and prostheses, external fixators and splints, as well as surgical instrumentation and cutting guides. In comparison to traditional methods, 3D-printed models and surgical guides offer a deeper understanding of intricate maxillofacial structures and spatial relationships.

Antimicrobial resistance and machine learning: past, present, and future.

Machine learning has become ubiquitous across all industries, including the relatively new application of predicting antimicrobial resistance. As the first bibliometric review in this field, we expect it to inspire further research in this area. The review employs standard bibliometric indicators such as article count, citation count, and the Hirsch index (H-index) to evaluate the relevance and impact of the leading countries, organizations, journals, and authors in this field.

A Structured Educational Intervention Aims to Improve Pneumococcal Vaccination Practices in Primary Healthcare Centers.

Objective: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provide evidence-based recommendations on vaccine use in the US Current CDC recommendations for the two available pneumococcal vaccine types can be confusing for providers and nursing staff, introducing the potential for administering the wrong product to patients. The pneumococcal vaccine products come with specific recommendations and target-specific patient groups. This intervention aims to improve pneumococcal vaccine practices per CDC recommendations, at primary health-care centers in Saudi Arabia.

Molecular Target Interactions of Quinoline Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: A Review.

One of the leading causes of death worldwide is cancer, which poses substantial risks to both society and an individual's life. Cancer therapy is still challenging, despite developments in the field and continued research into cancer prevention. The search for novel anticancer active agents with a broader cytotoxicity range is therefore continuously ongoing.

Farnesol Protects against Cardiotoxicity Caused by Doxorubicin-Induced Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death: An In Vivo Study in Wistar Rats.

Doxorubicin (DOXO) is an antineoplastic drug that is used extensively in managing multiple cancer types. However, DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity is a limiting factor for its widespread use and considerably affects patients' quality of life. Farnesol (FSN) is a sesquiterpene with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties.

Hiv testing and counseling services in Kassala State, Sudan: what are the relevant beliefs of private healthcare providers?

HIV testing and counseling (HTC) services are essential for all HIV prevention and treatment interventions. Evidence is limited on the role of private healthcare providers in providing HTC services. This study assessed the relevant beliefs for intervention to enhance the intention to offer HTC services among private healthcare providers.

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a Nano-Tool Appended Oil (Clove and Tea Tree Oil) Thermosensitive Gel for Vaginal Candidiasis.

The main objective of the proposed work was the development of a thermosensitive gel (containing clove and tea tree oil) for the management of vaginal candidiasis. Both oils have been recommended to be used separately in a topical formulation for vaginal candidiasis. Incorporating two natural ingredients (clove and tea tree oil) into a product give it a broad antimicrobial spectrum and analgesic properties.

Mitochondrial dysfunctions, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation as therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases: An update on current advances and impediments.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and Huntington disease (HD) represent a major socio-economic challenge in view of their high prevalence yet poor treatment outcomes affecting quality of life. The major challenge in drug development for these NDs is insufficient clarity about the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation are common pathways that are linked to neuronal abnormalities and initiation of these diseases.

Psychosocial beliefs of health providers' intention and behavior of offering HIV testing and counseling services: Estimating their relevance for intervention.

Background: Diagnosis of people with HIV is vital in achieving the 95-95-95 global targets. The proportion of people with HIV who know they have HIV in Sudan is low. Promoting engagement of healthcare providers (HCPs) in offering HIV Testing and Counseling (HTC) services would improve the percentage of diagnosed people with HIV in the country.

Multifaceted role of synbiotics as nutraceuticals, therapeutics and carrier for drug delivery.

Synbiotics, are a combination of probiotics and prebiotics. They play an important role in metabolizing different nutritional substrates and thus helps in the maintenance of human health. Any disbalance in the gut microflora, known as dysbiosis, is known to lead to a number of diseased conditions.

Psychosocial determinants of leisure-time physical activity among adults in omdurman city, Sudan: Reasoned Action Approach.

Objectives: The level of physical activity among adult in Sudan is low. The purpose of this study used the Reasoned Action Approach to investigate the psychosocial determinants of Leisure-Time Physical Activity Behaviour (LTPA) of Sudanese adults.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study design among adults in Omdurman city in Sudan.

Prospective Role of Bioactive Molecules and Exosomes in the Therapeutic Potential of Camel Milk against Human Diseases: An Updated Perspective.

Camel milk (CM) constitutes an important dietary source in the hot and arid regions of the world. CM is a colloidal mixture of nutritional components (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, and minerals) and non-nutritional components (hormones, growth factors, cytokines, immunoglobulins, and exosomes). Although the majority of previous research has been focused on the nutritional components of CM; there has been immense interest in the non-nutritional components in the recent past.

A novel 5-Fluorocuracil multiple-nanoemulsion used for the enhancement of oral bioavailability in the treatment of colorectal cancer.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a drug of choice for colorectal-cancer. But oral therapeutic efficacy of 5-FU is restricted due to their very little bioavailability because of poor membrane permeability and GIT-absorption. We have developed a multiple nanoemulsion (w/o/w i.

Design of a Multi-Epitopes Based Chimeric Vaccine against Using Pan-Genome and Reverse Vaccinology Approaches.

(EC) is a significant emerging pathogen that is occasionally associated with lung infection, surgical site infection, urinary infection, sepsis, and outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units. In light of the fact that there is currently no approved vaccine or therapeutic option for the treatment of EC, the current study was developed to concentrate on applications based on modern computational approaches to design a multi-epitope-based peptide vaccine (MEBEPV) expressing the antigenic determinants prioritized from the EC genome. Integrated computational analyses identified two potential protein targets (phosphoporin protein-PhoE and putative outer-membrane porin protein) for further exploration on the basis of pangenome subtractive proteomics and immunoinformatic in-depth examination of the core proteomes.