The Role of Newborn Pulse Oximetry Screening for Detecting Critical Congenital Heart Defects: A Narrative Review.

Critical congenital heart diseases are life-threatening, with a high morbidity rate and mortality among newborns; in fact, a newborn discharged from the hospital with undiagnosed heart disease may experience severe complications during the initial days or weeks of their life, necessitating emergency care and even death. Among all kinds of critical congenital heart disease, coarctation of the aorta is one of the most difficult to diagnose because it only becomes noticeable a few days after birth, when patients have already been discharged from the hospital. This underlines the importance of having a reliable diagnostic tool to discover these diseases.

Recurrent Versus Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer: An Evolving Landscape and the Role of Immunotherapy.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is among the ten most common cancers worldwide, with advanced SCCHN presenting with a 5-year survival of 34% in the case of nodal involvement and 8% in the case of metastatic disease. Disease-free survival at 2 years is 67% for stage II and 33% for stage III tumors, whereas 12-30% of patients undergo distant failures after curative treatment. Previous treatments often hinder the success of salvage surgery and/or reirradiation, while the standard of care for the majority of metastatic SCCHN remains palliative chemo- and immuno-therapy, with few patients eligible for locoregional treatments.

Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Current Understanding and Challenges for the Future.

This perspective reviews the definition and current understanding of necrotizing enterocolitis and evaluates a future prevention approach to this multifactorial disease. An overview of the prevention approach in general is presented, where key aspects and emerging criticisms are identified. In addition, key elements of early diagnosis and treatment are presented, together with some of their challenges and ambiguities.

Giant omphalocele with right lung agenesia and bronchial tracheal hypoplasia: A case report.

The omphalocele is an abdominal wall defect at the base of the umbilical cord, with the worldwide prevalence of 2.6 per 10,000 births. Omphalocele contains herniated abdominal organs and is classified in small and giant based on the size of the defect.

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Diagnosis to Follow-Up.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most frequent skin cancer, accounting for approximately 20% of all cutaneous malignancies, and with an increasing incidence due to the progressive increment of the average age of life. The diagnosis is usually firstly suspected based on clinical manifestations; however, dermoscopic features may improve diagnostic sensitivity in cases of an uncertain diagnosis and may guide the biopsy, which should be performed to histopathologically prove the tumor. New diagnostic strategies may improve the sensitivity of the cutaneous SCC, such as reflectance confocal microscopy and line-field confocal optical coherence, for which increasing data have been recently published.

Laryngeal Mask for Minimally-invasive Surfactant Administration: A Narrative Review.

The cornerstone of treatment for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants is surfactant administration, traditionally performed through an invasive procedure involving tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in exploring less invasive methods of surfactant delivery to mitigate the associated risks. Currently, several techniques are under evaluation, including intratracheal instillation using a thin catheter, aerosolized or nebulized administration, and guided administration by supraglottic airway devices.

Osteoid osteoma of third metatarsal bone treated with radiofrequency ablation: Case report, imaging findings and review of the literature.

Osteoid Osteoma (OO) is a frequent benign bone tumor that commonly affects males between 5 and 25. It usually arises from appendicular skeleton involving typically femur and tibia. OOs arising from small bones of hands and feet are very uncommon and metatarsal lesions account for only 1.

Clinical Picture, Diagnosis, Management of NEC, and Effects of Probiotics on its Prevention: A Narrative Review.

Preterm newborns represent a population at risk of developing intestinal dysbiosis as well as being predisposed to sepsis and Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Necrotizing Enterocolitis is a condition burdened by many complications and mortality due to an alteration of the intestinal barrier, an immaturity of the immune system, and intestinal dysbiosis. Low gestational age at birth, low birth weight, and early use of antibiotics are other predisposing factors.

Free-hand ultrasound strain elastography in evaluation of soft tissue tumors.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate elastography in a wide spectrum of soft tissue superficial lesions by correlating the elastographic characteristics of these lesions with the elastographic score (ES) system established by Asteria.

Methods: Forty patients with different superficial lesions of the soft tissues were studied, including lipomas, schwannomas, neuromas, epidermal inclusion cysts, "in transit" melanoma metastasis, arterio-venous malformation, and giant-cell tumor. An ultrasound examination was performed combined with color-Doppler and elastographic module.

Summary Paper on Underactive Bladder from the European Association of Urology Guidelines on Non-neurogenic Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.

Background And Objective: The European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines Panel on non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) aimed to develop a new subchapter on underactive bladder (UAB) in non-neurogenic men to inform health care providers of current best evidence and practice. Here, we present a summary of the UAB subchapter that is incorporated into the 2024 version of the EAU guidelines on non-neurogenic male LUTS.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted from 2002 to 2022, and articles with the highest certainty evidence were selected.

Poor in-hospital congestion improvement in acute heart failure patients classified according to left ventricular ejection fraction: prognostic implications.

Aims: Residual congestion in acute heart failure (AHF) is associated with poor prognosis. However, there is a lack of data on the prognostic value of changes in a combined assessment of in-hospital congestion. The present study sought to assess the association between in-hospital congestion changes and subsequent prognosis according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) classification.

A rare case of De Garengeot hernia: CT findings.

We report a case of "De Garengeot's hernia" (DGH), a rare condition that occurs when the inflamed appendix is localized inside a femoral hernia. The appendix may be involved in inflammatory or necrotic processes and the treatment is emergency surgery. It is usually discovered by chance during surgery.

Umbilical cord stump medication with a topical dermo protective powder compared to dry care in healthy full-term and near-term newborns: a two-center prospective cohort study.

Background: Proper umbilical cord stump care during the first days of life (both in hospital and at home) should not be overlooked to prevent possible complications (e.g., purulent discharge, granulomas, or periumbilical erythema or omphalitis).

Corrigendum: Diagnostic and therapeutic management of the thoracic outlet syndrome. Review of the literature and report of an Italian experience.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.

Abdominal Emergencies in Cancer Patients.

Abdominal emergencies in cancer patients encompass a wide spectrum of oncologic conditions caused directly by malignancies, paraneoplastic syndromes, reactions to the chemotherapy or often represent the first clinical manifestation of an unknown malignancy. Not rarely, clinical symptoms are the tip of an iceberg. In this scenario, the radiologist is asked to exclude the cause responsible for the patient's symptoms, to suggest the best way to manage and to rule out the underlying malignancy.

Spontaneously Ruptured Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Computed Tomography-Based Assessment.

Spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (SRHCC) is an uncommon and life-threatening complication in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is usually associated with chronic liver disease and has a poor prognosis with a high mortality rate during the acute phase. SRHCC can cause a severe and urgent condition of acute abdomen disease and requires a correct diagnosis to achieve adequate treatment.

Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure and Cava Vein Status in Acute Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Clinical and Prognostic Implications.

Background: Peak tricuspid regurgitation (TR) velocity and inferior cava vein (ICV) distention are two recognized features of increased pulmonary artery pressure (PASP) and right atrial pressure, respectively. Both parameters are related to pulmonary and systemic congestion and adverse outcomes. However, few data exist about the assessment of PASP and ICV in acute patients affected by heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Intentional Rounding versus Standard of Care for Patients Hospitalised in Internal Medicine Wards: Results from a Cluster-Randomised Nation-Based Study.

The aim of the study was to explore the effects of Intentional Rounding, a regular-based proactive patient monitoring, on falls and pressure ulcers in internal medicine units. This is a cluster-randomised controlled study, where units were assigned (1:1) to Intentional Rounding (intervention group) or Standard of Care (control group). The primary outcome was the cumulative incidence of falls and new pressure ulcers.

Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) Findings of Complications of Acute Cholecystitis. A Pictorial Essay.

Acute cholecystitis stands out as one of the most common surgical pathologies that should always be considered in a right-upper abdominal pain emergency. For this, the importance of a correct diagnosis is well described. However, it has been demonstrated that the simple combination of clinical (pain, Murphy's sign) and laboratory (leukocytosis) parameters alone does not provide for ruling in or ruling out the diagnosis of this condition, unless accompanied by a radiological exam.

Optimized radiofrequency lesions through local impedance guidance for effective CTI ablation in right atrial flutter.

Background: Although radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation of cavo-tricuspid isthmus (CTI) is an established treatment for typical right atrial flutter (RAFL), it remains to be established whether local tissue impedance (LI) is able to predict effective CTI ablation and what LI drop values during ablation should be used to judge a lesion as effective. We aimed to investigate the ability of LI to predict ablation efficacy in patients with RAFL.

Methods: RF delivery was guided by the DirectSense™ algorithm.

Drug-induced interstitial lung disease during cancer therapies: expert opinion on diagnosis and treatment.

Background: Drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DIILD) is a form of interstitial lung disease resulting from exposure to drugs causing inflammation and possibly interstitial fibrosis. Antineoplastic drugs are the primary cause of DIILD, accounting for 23%-51% of cases, with bleomycin, everolimus, erlotinib, trastuzumab-deruxtecan and immune checkpoint inhibitors being the most common causative agents. DIILD can be difficult to identify and manage, and there are currently no specific guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of DIILD caused by anticancer drugs.

Heparin and SARS-CoV-2: Multiple Pathophysiological Links.

Low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin, has been one of most used drugs to fight the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Pharmacological properties of heparin recognize its specific ability, as with other oligosaccharides and glycosaminoglycan, to bind several types of viruses during their pass through the extracellular matrix of the respiratory tract, as well as its anticoagulant activity to prevent venous thromboembolism. Antithrombotic actions of enoxaparin have been testified both for inpatients with COVID-19 in regular ward and for inpatients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs).