Description of sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), with notes on the fauna of Asaphesinae and Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) collected from foliage of (L.) H. Karst. in Bulgaria.

Background: Westwood, 1833 consists of about 135 valid species worldwide. After the fundamental monograph of Graham (1969), 12 species have been described from continental Europe and three species have been described from the Canary Islands and Malta. Amongst them, one species, Askew, 1994, has been synonymised under (Mercet, 1923).

Two new species of genus Thorne, 1939 (Nematoda, Dorylaimidae) from natural parks of Vietnam with an identification key to the species with a medium-sized odontostyle.

Thorne, 1939 is a large and diverse dorylaimid genus with complicated taxonomy. Two new species, and from natural habitats in Vietnam were characterised both morphologically and molecularly (18S rDNA and 28 rDNA), and line drawings and microphotographs are provided. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the new species clustered together with Thorne, 1939, the type species of the genus.

Cyber catalogue and revision of the nematode genus (Dorylaimida, Nordiidae).

Background: The genus is an intriguing free-living dorylaimid nematode taxon. Its representatives display a distinct distributional pattern as they are mainly spread in high altitudinal enclaves of the Northern Hemisphere, being often associated with mosses and cliff vegetation. Although their feeding habits have not been studied with experimental protocols, it is traditionally assumed that they are omnivorous.

A review of the genus Fitzinger, 1833 (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Pristilomatidae) in Serbia: diversity, distribution and the description of a new species.

In this paper, the genus Fitzinger, 1833 in Serbia is reviewed. All previous literature data on this genus from Serbia are summarised and used to discuss its distribution in the country and create distribution maps, supplemented by new material collected by the authors. All Serbian species are figured.

At a crossroads: Genetic lineages and dispersal routes of (Sulzer, 1776) s.l. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in Bulgaria.

The present study fills a knowledge gap in the distribution and genetic variation of populations in the Balkans, by studiyng the representatives of the genus in Bulgaria - Mulsant, 1862, Danilevsky, 2016 and Reitter, 1894. Additional information is provided for Albania and northern Greece. The mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) marker and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) were used for the genetic analyses.

Polyphasic characterisation of (Gomont, 1892) Strunecky, Komárek & J.R.Johansen, 2013 (Oscillatoriales, Cyanobacteria) using a metabolomic approach as a complementary tool.

As a result of the continuous revision of cyanobacterial taxonomy, (Agardh) Trevisan ex Gomont, 1892 has been transferred to the genus (Gomont, 1892) Strunecky, Komárek & J.R.Johansen, 2013.

Important underground roosts for bats in Bulgaria: current state and priorities for conservation.

Bulgaria has a very rich bat fauna and large colonies of bats can be found in caves, mines and other underground roosts. Respectively, there are more than 107 underground roosts that are listed as important bat sites, most of which are protected by statutory laws and are of national or international importance. Despite the existence of formal protection, many roosts face anthropogenic disturbances due to the popularity of outdoor activities, such as caving and the lack of actual regulation.

Terrestrial nematodes from the Maritime Antarctic.

Background: Soil nematodes are one of the most important terrestrial faunal groups in Antarctica, as they are a major component of soil micro-food webs. Despite their crucial role in soil processes, knowledge of their species diversity and distribution is still incomplete. Taxonomic studies of Antarctic nematodes are fragmented, which prevents assessment of the degree of endemicity and distribution of the species, as well as other aspects of biogeography.

New parasitoid (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) records of bark beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in pine plantations in Bulgaria.

Background: In 2020 and 2021, chalcidoid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) of bark beetles in pine ( spp.) plantations were studied in Bulgaria. Samples (cuttings of stems and branches) of pine trees infested by bark beetles were collected from seven plantations of and in Bulgaria.

A review of (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) from Crete, Gavdos, Gavdopoula, and Andikithira.

Being nocturnal, hiding in prickly bushes and shrubs during the day, species in Crete and its neighbouring islands are easily overlooked, and until now our knowledge about their distribution was based on some thirty sightings across 11 species. In this paper results are presented of a study of specimens collected between 1987 and 2020 by hand-catches and pitfall and fermenting traps on the Greek islands of Crete, Gavdos, Gavdopoula, and Andikithira. Diagnostic features of all known species are presented and illustrated with stacked images.

Review of the European Latreille (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) using morphology and DNA barcodes, with an illustrated key to species.

The European species of the potter wasp genus Latreille, 1802 (Vespidae, Eumeninae) are illustrated and a new illustrated key to the 13 recognised species is presented. Guiglia, 1951 is synonymised with (Christ, 1791) (), André, 1884 and Dalla Torre, 1894 with (Panzer, 1799) () and Blüthgen, 1938 with André, 1884 ().

A synopsis of the numbers of testicular follicles and ovarioles in true bugs (Heteroptera, Hemiptera) - sixty-five years of progress after J. Pendergrast's review.

The structure of testes and ovaries can be described in its simplest form by the number of follicles and ovarioles they contain. Sixty-five years after the last review of the internal reproductive systems in true bugs (Heteroptera), the data accumulated today on the number of testicular follicles and ovarioles in their gonads are summarized. In addition, data on the number and type (mesadenia/ectadenia) of accessory glands are given.

Unravelling the origin of the common wall lizards () in south-eastern Europe using mitochondrial evidence.

The origin of the common wall lizards () populations in south-eastern Europe (namely in Bulgaria and Romania), representing the north-eastern range border of this species, was addressed using mitochondrial DNA. We compared sequences from Bulgaria and Romania with those from the contiguous range in Central Europe that are available from previous studies. We recorded five main haplogroups in Bulgaria and Romania, belonging to the Central Balkan clade.

Rise and fall: Results of a multidisciplinary study and 5-year long monitoring of conservation translocation of the European ground squirrel.

The current publication gives a detailed assessment of the results from a population reinforcement of a European ground squirrel's () colony in south-eastern Bulgaria. The reinforcement was planned and implemented along with multidisciplinary research of the adaptation process (including radiotelemetry, parasitological study and assessment of the stress in the animals) and regular monitoring (yearly burrow counting). Although the donor and recipient populations were genetically similar, morphometrical data indicated variations in the body size probably due to the difference in population densities in the two sites.

First record of Fain, 1959 (Acari, Cheyletoidea, Psorergatidae) for the Balkan Peninsula with description of the cutaneous lesions on the wing membrane of its hosts (Borkhausen, 1797) and (Tomes, 1857) (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae).

Healthy wing membranes are essential for bats. They are critical for maintaining the water balance and, during hibernation, they protect the bat's body from dehydration. Assessing the state of the membrane visually is an easy and effective way to monitor a bat's health and discover abnormal structures and infections in wild bat populations.

A checklist and areography of the longhorn beetles (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) of Pirin Mountains, Bulgaria.

Background: The longhorn beetles fauna of Pirin Mountains, Bulgaria, was studied, based on literature data and original material. As a result, 100 taxa from five subfamilies are listed for the area, as follows: Prioninae (7 taxa), Lepturinae (31 taxa), Spondylidinae (9 taxa), Cerambycinae (28 taxa) and Lamiinae (25 taxa).

New Information: This study presents two new records for Pirin Mts.

Two new (Bacillariophyta) species from the marine coasts off Livingston Island, Antarctica.

During a survey of the marine benthic diatom flora on the coasts off Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctic Region), two species that could not be identified based on the currently available literature, were observed. Detailed light and scanning electron microscopy observations and thorough comparison with similar taxa in the literature revealed that both taxa should be described as new species. The first taxon, , was most likely misidentified in past Antarctic studies, and included within the range of another taxon, .

Geographic differentiation in male calling song of (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae).

We studied the songs and morphology of the stridulatory file of across its complete geographic range, in order to test our hypothesis that the male calling song of the species shows strong differentiation between the northern (Pannonian) and southern (Balkan) parts of its distribution range, reflecting its disjunct distribution. Our analyses confirm this hypothesis, separating analyzed specimens of into two main groups - one present in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula (representing ), with the second group occurring in the Pannonian Basin, Dinarides, Slovenia and NE Italy. The most reliable difference between the groups is the duration of the main syllable, the number of stridulatory teeth and number of pulses in the main syllable, where all values are higher in specimens from the Balkan Peninsula.

Current distribution of Zostera seagrass meadows along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast (SW Black Sea, Bulgaria) (2010-2020).

Background: The current distribution of spp. seagrass meadows along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast was studied. We used a combination of historical and recent observations of the habitat along the studied coastline.

A checklist and areography of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Rila Mountain.

Background: The complex of longhorn beetles in Rila Mt. in Bulgaria was studied by literature data and original biological materials. As a result, 126 taxa from six subfamilies were established, as follows: Prioninae (four taxa), Lepturinae (43 taxa), Necydalinae (two taxa), Spondylidinae (seven taxa), Cerambycinae (31 taxa) and Lamiinae (39 taxa).

Comparative analysis of chromosome numbers and sex chromosome systems in Paraneoptera (Insecta).

This article is part (the 4 article) of the themed issue (a monograph) "Aberrant cytogenetic and reproductive patterns in the evolution of Paraneoptera". The purpose of this article is to consider chromosome structure and evolution, chromosome numbers and sex chromosome systems, which all together constitute the chromosomal basis of reproduction and are essential for reproductive success. We are based on our own observations and literature data available for all major lineages of Paraneoptera including Zoraptera (angel insects), Copeognatha (=Psocoptera; bark lice), Parasita (=Phthiraptera s.

The millipede tribe Brachyiulini in the Caucasus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae).

The diplopod tribe Brachyiulini is represented in the fauna of the Caucasus by eight genera and 32 species, of which one genus and 14 species are described as new: Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , Vagalinski, , , and Vagalinski, , Colchiobrachyiulus Lohmander, 1936, a former subgenus of Megaphyllum, is here elevated to a full genus, and the genus Grusiniulus Lohmander, 1936 is downgraded to a subgenus of the genus Cyphobrachyiulus Verhoeff, 1900, both , with their previously described species, (Lignau, 1915) and (Lohmander, 1936), respectively, listed as (Attems, 1899) is formally established as a junior subjective synonym of (Karsch, 1881), , and (Golovatch, 1981) is formally synonymised with the typical (Lohmander, 1936), (Lohmander, 1932), originally described in the genus , is here transferred to the former genus, The diagnoses and descriptions of some genera and subgenera are refined and complemented. A key is given to all genera and species of Brachyiulini that occur in the Caucasus, and their distributions are mapped. Several species are recorded as new to the faunas of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, or Russia.

First record of an agriolimacid slug in Southeast Asia - (O. F. Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) recently introduced to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Several individuals of the terrestrial slug were collected in 2018 in the Hoàng Liên Son mountain range of northern Vietnam. The three specimens which were investigated anatomically were aphallic or hemiphallic. A partial COI sequence verified the species identity.