Nanos2 is a molecular marker of inchoate buffalo spermatogonia.

Nanos2 belongs to the Nanos gene-coding family and is an important RNA-binding protein that has been shown to have essential roles in male germline stem cells development and self-renewal in mouse. However, little is known about Nanos2 in inchoate buffalo spermatogonia. Here, rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) was used to obtain the full-length buffalo Nanos2 sequence and bioinformatic analysis revealed a highly conserved Nanos2 sequence between buffalo and other mammalian species.

Comparative proteomic analysis of different developmental stages of swamp buffalo testicular seminiferous tubules.

With ageing, many protein components change markedly during mammalian spermatogenesis. Most of these proteins have yet to be characterized and verified. Here, we have employed two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to tandem mass spectrometry to explore the different proteins from pre-pubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal swamp buffalo testicular seminiferous tubules.

Sperm sexing in Nili-Ravi buffalo through modified swim up: Validation using SYBR green real-time PCR.

Sperm sexing through flow-sorting technology is relatively expensive, requires considerable technical support and is actually not practicable in many developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of producing enriched pools of X or Y chromosome-bearing sperm by a modified swim-up method. For this purpose semen was collected from five mature Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls for a period of six weeks.

Molecular Cloning, Identification, and Expression Patterns of Myostatin Gene in Water Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis).

Unlabelled: Myostatin (MSTN), also named growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8), is a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family member with a key role in the negative regulation of skeletal muscle growth. However, its role in ovarian folliculogenesis remains unclear. To provide us with a basis for understanding this role, we cloned MSTN and examined its expression patterns in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

Polysaccharide from ink and cisplatin inhibit synergistically proliferation and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.

Objectives: This paper aims to investigate synergistic inhibition of polysaccharide from ink (SIP), a newly isolated marine polysaccharide in our laboratory, on breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to cisplatin.

Materials And Methods: Cell viability of MDA-MB-231 cells was determined by CCK 8 assay. Median-effect concentration was analyzed using Chou-Talalay method that was also subjected to determine cell inhibition ratio and combined index, as well as interaction between SIP and cisplatin.

Four novel polymorphisms of buffalo INSIG2 gene are associated with milk production traits in Chinese buffaloes.

Insulin-induced genes (INSIGs), including INSIG1 and INSIG2, are important mediators that play a pivotal role in the lipid metabolism and could cause the retention of the SCAP/SREBP complex. Therefore, the objective of this study is to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of buffalo INSIG2 gene and evaluate their associations with milk production traits in Chinese buffaloes. A total of four SNPs (g.

A comparative analysis of sperm selection procedures prior to cryopreservation for Nili-Ravi buffalo bull (Bubalus bubalis) semen-: Assessment of its impact on post-thaw sperm functional quality.

Sperm selection techniques have been developed to get sperm suspensions enriched in motile and functional cells. Studies show that selection before cryopreservation improves post-thaw quality of cryopreserved sperm but information on buffalo bull sperm is scarce. The study was aimed to 1) perform a comparative analysis of sperm selection procedures; Swim-Up (SU), Sephadex™-G15 Filtration (S-G15) or Glass Wool Filtration (GWF) for total and motile cell recovery, 2) to assess the impact of sperm selection prior to cryopreservation on sperm quality (motility, morphology, cell membrane and normal apical ridge, viability and livability, chromatin integrity) and sperm functionality (Embryo Cleavage after IVF with selected sperm) in post-thawed suspensions of buffalo bull sperm.

Synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the MC4R gene that are significantly associated with milk production traits in water buffaloes.

Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is associated with feed intake, growth, fatness, and carcass composition in many domestic animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MC4R with milk production traits in water buffalo. Eight SNPs were identified by direct polymerase chain reaction sequencing of samples from 18 buffaloes.

Characterization of the indigenous microflora in raw and pasteurized buffalo milk during storage at refrigeration temperature by high-throughput sequencing.

The effect of refrigeration on bacterial communities within raw and pasteurized buffalo milk was studied using high-throughput sequencing. High-quality samples of raw buffalo milk were obtained from 3 dairy farms in the Guangxi province in southern China. Five liters of each milk sample were pasteurized (72°C; 15 s); and both raw and pasteurized milks were stored at refrigeration temperature (1-4°C) for various times with their microbial communities characterized using the Illumina Miseq platform (Novogene, Beijing, China).

Efficiency of beetle (Dendroides canadensis) recombinant antifreeze protein for buffalo semen freezability and fertility.

Overwintering larvae of the beetle Dendroides canadensis produce potent antifreeze proteins to inhibit inoculative freezing and promote supercooling. We hypothesized that addition of Dendroides canadensis recombinant antifreeze proteins (DAFPs) in the extender will improve the quality and fertility of cryopreserved Nili-Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) sperm. The study was divided into two parts: (1) Evaluation of the effect of DAFPs on the quality of frozen-thawed buffalo bull sperm and (2) Examination of the fertilizing ability of frozen-thawed buffalo bull sperm.

Milk fat globule is an alternative to mammary epithelial cells for gene expression analysis in buffalo.

Owing to the difficulty in obtaining mammary gland tissue from lactating animals, it is difficult to test the expression levels of genes in mammary gland. The aim of the current study was to identify if milk fat globule (MFG) in buffalo milk was an alternative to mammary gland (MG) and milk somatic cell (MSC) for gene expression analysis. Six buffalos in late lactation were selected to collect MFG and MSC, and then MG was obtained by surgery.

Effects of Varying Levels of Fungal (Arachniotus sp.) Treated Wheat Straw as an Ingredient of Total Mixed Ration on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Nili Ravi Buffalo Calves.

The study was carried out to explore the effects of replacing wheat straw with fungal treated wheat straw as an ingredient of total mixed ration (TMR) on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility in Nili Ravi buffalo male calves. Fungal treated wheat straw was prepared using Arachniotus sp. Four TMRs were formulated where wheat straw was replaced with 0 (TMR1), 33 (TMR2), 67 (TMR3), and 100% (TMR4) fungal treated wheat straw in TMR.

Nitrate and Inhibition of Ruminal Methanogenesis: Microbial Ecology, Obstacles, and Opportunities for Lowering Methane Emissions from Ruminant Livestock.

Ruminal methane production is among the main targets for greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation for the animal agriculture industry. Many compounds have been evaluated for their efficacy to suppress enteric methane production by ruminal microorganisms. Of these, nitrate as an alternative hydrogen sink has been among the most promising, but it suffers from variability in efficacy for reasons that are not understood.

Royal jelly supplementation in semen extender enhances post-thaw quality and fertility of Nili-Ravi buffalo bull sperm.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of royal jelly (RJ) on post-thaw sperm quality, in vitro and in vivo fertility rate of cryopreserved buffalo bull sperm. The semen was collected from three mature regular donor buffalo bulls, ejaculates were pooled and semen evaluated initially. In Experiment 1, the ejaculates were extended in tris-citric acid diluter supplemented with different RJ concentrations (0, 0.

Comparative efficacy of G6G and Ovsynch protocols on synchronization and pregnancy rate in Nili-Ravi buffalo.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of G6G and Ovsynch protocols on synchronization and pregnancy rate in Nili-Ravi buffalo. For this, a total of fifty buffalo were assigned into two treatment groups: (1) G6G (n=25) and (2) Ovsynch (n=25). The blood samples were collected from all the treated buffalo on day (D) 7 (PGF2α injection of Ovsynch) to measure the progesterone (P4).

De Novo Transcriptome Assembly of the Chinese Swamp Buffalo by RNA Sequencing and SSR Marker Discovery.

The Chinese swamp buffalo (Bubalis bubalis) is vital to the lives of small farmers and has tremendous economic importance. However, a lack of genomic information has hampered research on augmenting marker assisted breeding programs in this species. Thus, a high-throughput transcriptomic sequencing of B.

l-Cysteine improves antioxidant enzyme activity, post-thaw quality and fertility of Nili-Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa.

The effects of l-cysteine in extender on antioxidant enzymes profile during cryopreservation, post-thaw quality parameters and in vivo fertility of Nili-Ravi buffalo bull spermatozoa were studied. Semen samples from 4 buffalo bulls were diluted in Tris-citric acid-based extender having different concentrations of l-cysteine (0.0, 0.

Strong and stable geographic differentiation of swamp buffalo maternal and paternal lineages indicates domestication in the China/Indochina border region.

The swamp type of the Asian water buffalo is assumed to have been domesticated by about 4000 years BP, following the introduction of rice cultivation. Previous localizations of the domestication site were based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation within China, accounting only for the maternal lineage. We carried out a comprehensive sampling of China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Nepal and Bangladesh and sequenced the mtDNA Cytochrome b gene and control region and the Y-chromosomal ZFY, SRY and DBY sequences.

ZPAC is required for normal spermatogenesis in mice.

The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, involved in genetic recombination and sex-chromosome silencing during meiosis, plays critical roles in the specification of germ-line stem cells and the differentiation of gametes from gonocytes. Zygote-specific proteasome assembly chaperone (ZPAC) is expressed in the early mouse embryo, where it is important for progression of the mouse maternal-to-zygotic transition. The role of ZPAC during spermatogenesis in the adult gonads, however, remains unknown.

A field study on artificial insemination of swamp and crossbred buffaloes with sexed semen from river buffaloes.

Sex preselection by flow sorting of X- and Y-sperm has been proven to be an efficient and economically feasible strategy for use in Holstein dairy cow breeding, and previous reports have demonstrated the feasibility of altering the sex ratio in buffalo species by using sexed semen in either artificial insemination or IVF. However, because buffalo reproductive physiology and farm management are different from Holsteins, factors involved in artificial insemination by sexed semen need to be further addressed before being applied in buffalo breeding at village-level husbandry. In this study, a total of 4521 swamp or crossbred (F1 or F2) buffaloes with natural estrus were inseminated with X-sorted sperm from river buffaloes, resulting in a 48.

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of the STAT1 gene in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is a critical component of the transcription factor complex in the interferon (IFN) signaling pathways. Of the seven STAT isoforms, STAT1 is a key mediator of type I and type III IFN signaling, but limited information is available for the STAT genes in the water buffalo. Here, we amplified and identified the complete coding sequence (CDS) of the buffalo STAT1 gene by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Optimization of cryopreservation of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) blastocysts produced by in vitro fertilization and somatic cell nuclear transfer.

The objective of this study was to optimize cryopreservation conditions for buffalo in vitro produced (IVP) embryos. The in vitro fertilized (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transferred (SCNT) blastocysts were vitrified with either 40% ethylene glycol (EG), 25% EG + 25% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), or 20% EG + 20% DMSO + 0.5 m sucrose, and the IVF blastocysts produced from abattoir-derived ovaries were also slow-frozen with either 10% EG or 0.

Cloning and sequencing of the rDNA gene family of the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

The rDNA genes coding for ribosomal RNA in animals are complicated repeat sequences with high GC content. We amplified water buffalo rDNA gene sequences with the long and accurate (LA) PCR method, using LA Taq DNA polymerase and GC buffer, based on bioinformatic analysis of related organisms. The rDNA genes were found to consist of 9016 nucleotides, including three rRNA genes and two internal transcribed spacers (ITS), which we named 18S rRNA, ITS1, 5.

Detection of virulence-associated genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine clinical mastitis milk samples in Guangxi.

Staphylococcus aureus is recognized worldwide as a pathogen causing many serious diseases in humans and animals and is one of the most common etiological agents of clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of genes encoding clfA, fnbA, fnbB, cap5, cap8, hla, hlb, nuc, sea, and tst of S. aureus strains (n = 39) isolated from bovine clinical mastitis in Guangxi by polymerase chain reaction amplification.