Quantifying chemomechanical weakening in muscovite mica with a simple micromechanical model.

In response to gradual nanoindentation, the surface of muscovite mica deforms by sudden stochastic nanometer-scale displacement bursts. Here, the statistics of these displacement events are interpreted using a statistical model previously used to model earthquakes to understand how chemically reactive environments alter the surface properties of this material. We show that the statistics of nanoindentation displacement bursts in muscovite mica are tuned by chemomechanical weakening in a manner similar to how the statistics of model events are tuned by a mechanical weakening parameter that describes how easily system-spanning cracks can be nucleated.

Development and Pilot Testing of Evidence-Based Interventions to Improve Adherence after Receiving a Genetic Result.

Introduction: Previous research indicates that population genomic screening can benefit individuals who act on the genetic results. However, there remains a significant gap between individuals receiving genetic information and acting on current risk management recommendations, prompting exploration of interventions to close this gap. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptability and conduct a pilot implementation of existing evidence-based interventions (EBIs) for adherence to disease management for select genetic conditions among individuals ascertained through a population genomic screening program.

Alignment of a Trivalent Chromosome on the Metaphase Plate Is Associated with Differences in Microtubule Density at Each Kinetochore.

Chromosome alignment on the metaphase plate is a conserved phenomenon and is an essential function for correct chromosome segregation for many organisms. Organisms with naturally-occurring trivalent chromosomes provide a useful system for understanding how chromosome alignment is evolutionarily regulated, as they align on the spindle with one kinetochore facing one pole and two facing the opposite pole. We studied chromosome alignment in a praying mantid that has not been previously studied chromosomally, the giant shield mantis .

Cicchetti's organizational-developmental perspective of Down syndrome: Contributions to the emergence of developmental psychopathology and the study of persons with neurodevelopmental conditions.

Dante Cicchetti's earliest work, his studies of social-emotional development in infants and children with Down syndrome, set the stage for the emergence of the larger field of developmental psychopathology. By applying basic developmental principles, methodologies, and questions to the study of persons with Down syndrome, Dante took on the challenge of searching for patterns in atypical development. In doing so, he extended traditional developmental theory and introduced a more "liberal" approach that both continues to guide developmentally based research with persons with neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs), including Down syndrome.

A Systematic Review of Early General Parenting Interventions: Long-term Effects in Underrepresented Populations and Implications for Obesity Prevention.

Purpose Of Review: While some parenting interventions designed for early-life obesity prevention have demonstrated short-term success, there is limited evidence of longer-term impacts and feasibility with underrepresented populations. The goal of this review was to examine existing general parenting programs for parents of children 0-5 years that were not designed to target obesity but investigated long-term effects on parenting and/or were conducted with underrepresented populations to offer recommendations for the modification or development of parenting-focused obesity prevention programs.

Recent Findings: Most studies with sustained impacts on parenting in underrepresented populations were brief, group-based programs for parents of children 2-5 years.

Cultivating long-term well-being through transformative undergraduate education.

Despite the growing body of research suggesting certain pedagogical approaches that can support student well-being, higher education has not fully embraced these approaches and typically still does not view well-being as a high priority in comparison with other metrics such as retention or GPA. Here, we contend that universities must play an active role in supporting lifelong well-being in their student populations by expanding their definitions of student success and providing opportunities and programs that support elements related to well-being. We propose a student well-being nexus, which comprises a sense of belonging, agency, purpose, identity, civic engagement, and financial well-being.

Modeling electrical impedance in brain tissue with diffusion tensor imaging for functional neurosurgery applications.

Decades ago, neurosurgeons used electrical impedance measurements in the brain for coarse intraoperative tissue differentiation. Over time, these techniques were largely replaced by more refined imaging and electrophysiological localization. Today, advanced methods of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and finite element method (FEM) modeling may permit non-invasive, high-resolution intracerebral impedance prediction.

Setting up an institutional OMERO environment for bioimage data: Perspectives from both facility staff and users.

Modern bioimaging core facilities at research institutions are essential for managing and maintaining high-end instruments, providing training and support for researchers in experimental design, image acquisition and data analysis. An important task for these facilities is the professional management of complex multidimensional bioimaging data, which are often produced in large quantity and very different file formats. This article details the process that led to successfully implementing the OME Remote Objects system (OMERO) for bioimage-specific research data management (RDM) at the Core Facility Cellular Imaging (CFCI) at the Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden).

Feasibility of predicting changes in gait biomechanics following muscle strength perturbations using optimal control in patients with transfemoral amputation.

Bone-anchored limbs (BALs) are socket prosthesis alternatives, directly fixing to residual bone osseointegrated implant. There is a need to quantify multi-level effects of rehabilitation for transfemoral BAL users (i.e.

Isolation and Characterization of the Chromatic-Acclimating, Filamentous Cyanobacterium sp. Strain SR411.

We isolated sp. Strain SR411, a novel filamentous, nonheterocystous, freshwater cyanobacterium from the West Branch of the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania. Analysis of phycobilisome protein accumulation indicates SR411 acclimates to changing light wavelengths and we classified it as a chromatic acclimating cyanobacterium type CA3.

Signals of positive selection in genomes of palearctic Myotis-bats coexisting with a fungal pathogen.

Disease can act as a driving force in shaping genetic makeup across populations, even species, if the impacts influence a particularly sensitive part of their life cycles. White-nose disease is caused by a fungal pathogen infecting bats during hibernation. The mycosis has caused massive population declines of susceptible species in North America, particularly in the genus Myotis.

White adipose tissue remodeling in Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus) with white-nose syndrome.

White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a fungal wildlife disease of bats that has caused precipitous declines in certain Nearctic bat species. A key driver of mortality is premature exhaustion of fat reserves, primarily white adipose tissue (WAT), that bats rely on to meet their metabolic needs during winter. However, the pathophysiological and metabolic effects of WNS have remained ill-defined.

Salivary cortisol captures endocrine response to an acute stressor in captive female tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella).

Measuring glucocorticoids such as cortisol is a useful tool for exploring relationships among behavior, physiology, and well-being in primates. As cortisol circulates in blood, it moves into biological matrices such as hair, urine, feces, and saliva. Saliva sampling is a simple, noninvasive method to measure cortisol that can be easily implemented by training animals to voluntarily provide samples.

Play it again, but more sadly: Influence of timbre, mode, and musical experience in melody processing.

The emotional properties of music are influenced by a host of factors, such as timbre, mode, harmony, and tempo. In this paper, we consider how two of these factors, mode (major vs. minor) and timbre interact to influence ratings of perceived valence, reaction time, and recognition memory.

Structural Racism in Newborn Drug Testing: Perspectives of Health Care and Child Protective Services Professionals.

Purpose: Black birthing parents and their newborns disproportionately experience newborn drug testing for prenatal substance exposure by health care professionals (HCPs), which contributes to Child Protective Services (CPS) reporting, family separation, and termination of parental rights. This qualitative study aims to interrogate dominant power structures by exploring knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of HCPs and CPS professionals regarding the influence of structural racism on inequities in newborn drug testing practices.

Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with 30 physicians, midwives, nurses, social workers, and CPS professionals guided by an explanatory framework, and conducted inductive, reflexive thematic analysis.

Infant attention to rhythmic audiovisual synchrony is modulated by stimulus properties.

Musical interactions are a common and multimodal part of an infant's daily experiences. Infants hear their parents sing while watching their lips move and see their older siblings dance along to music playing over the radio. Here, we explore whether 8- to 12-month-old infants associate musical rhythms they hear with synchronous visual displays by tracking their dynamic visual attention to matched and mismatched displays.

Seed dispersal by Martu peoples promotes the distribution of native plants in arid Australia.

Commensal relationships between wild plants and their dispersers play a key ecological and evolutionary role in community structure and function. While non-human dispersers are often considered critical to plant recruitment, human dispersers have received much less attention, especially when it comes to non-domesticated plants. Australia, as a continent historically characterized by economies reliant on non-domesticated plants, is thus a key system for exploring the ecological role of people as seed dispersers in the absence of agriculture.

Balancing Act: An Interdisciplinary Exploration of Trade-offs in Reproducing Females.

Trade-offs resulting from the high demand of offspring production are a central focus of many subdisciplines within the field of biology. Yet, despite the historical and current interest on this topic, large gaps in our understanding of whole-organism trade-offs that occur in reproducing individuals remain, particularly as it relates to the nuances associated with female reproduction. This volume of Integrative and Comparative Biology (ICB) contains a series of papers that focus on reviewing trade-offs from the female-centered perspective of biology (i.

Leach's storm-petrel (Hydrobates leucorhous), a long-lived seabird shows flexible, condition-dependent, feeding strategies in response to poor chick condition.

Background: Parent-offspring conflict represents the sensitive balance of resource allocation between self-maintenance and reproduction. Two strategies have been proposed to better understand how species manage this conflict. In fixed-level feeding behavior, parents feed offspring consistent quantities of food; while flexible feeding shows plasticity in parental allocation based on offspring need.