The Association Between Accelerated Biological Aging and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Adults with Hypertension.

Background: Current hypertension treatments rely on chronological age, which may not reflect individual differences in aging and its impact on cardiovascular health. This study aimed to determine whether biological age can predict adverse outcomes in older adults with hypertension, independent of traditional risk factors including chronological age.

Methods: An analysis of a prospective cohort was conducted using data from the Health and Retirement Study, a longitudinal survey of older adults in the United States.

The ADNI Administrative Core: Ensuring ADNI's success and informing future AD clinical trials.

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Administrative Core oversees and coordinates all ADNI activities, to ensure the success and maximize the impact of ADNI in advancing Alzheimer's disease (AD) research and clinical trials. It manages finances and develops policies for data sharing, publications using ADNI data, and access to ADNI biospecimens. The Core develops and executes pilot projects to guide future ADNI activities and identifies key innovative methods for inclusion in ADNI.

Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) Webinar Meeting Report.

The advanced glycation end products (AGEs) Webinar was co-hosted by Diabetes Technology Society and Kitalys Institute on August 8, 2024, with the goal of reviewing progress made in the measurement and use of AGEs in clinical practice. Meeting topics included (1) AGEs as predictors of diabetic nephropathy (DKD), (2) hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) and the glycation gap (GG), (3) formation and structure of AGEs, (4) AGEs as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and (5) approaches to limit or prevent AGE formation.

The fly brain lands in Tokyo: A report on the 3rd Asia Pacific Drosophila Neurobiology Conference.

The third Asia Pacific Drosophila Neurobiology Conference (APDNC3) was held in the Wako Campus of RIKEN in Tokyo, Japan, from February 27th to March 1st, 2024. While APDNC2 was held in Taiwan in 2019, the global coronavirus pandemic enforced a long hiatus. Hence, APDNC3 was a much-anticipated meeting that attracted ~218 scientists from 18 different countries and regions, 154 from outside Japan.

A diet-dependent host metabolite shapes the gut microbiota to protect from autoimmunity.

Diet can protect from autoimmune disease; however, whether diet acts via the host and/or microbiome remains unclear. Here, we use a ketogenic diet (KD) as a model to dissect these complex interactions. A KD rescued the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis in a microbiota-dependent fashion.

Does a transmembrane sodium gradient control membrane potential in mammalian mitochondria?

In a recent publication, Hernansanz-Agusti̒n et al. propose that a sodium gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, generated by a Na/H activity integral to Complex I can account for half of the mitochondrial membrane potential. This conflicts with conventional electrophysiological and chemiosmotic understanding.

The IPR inhibitor desmethylxestospongin B reduces tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis by impairing lysosome acidification and β1-integrin recycling.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. >90 % of cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis, a process that depends on the ability of cancer cells to leave the primary tumor, migrate, and colonize different tissues. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IPR)-mediated Ca signaling plays an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of cancer cells and the sustained proliferation.

A short version of the Everyday Cognition scale can predict clinical progression and cognitive decline.

Background: The Everyday Cognition scale (ECog-39) scores are associated with future cognitive decline. We investigated whether the 12-item ECog (ECog-12), which is being collected in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)4, can predict progression.

Methods: Baseline self (PT)- and study partner (SP)-ECog-12 data were extracted from the 39-item version collected in the ADNI.

Roles of hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylases in aging and disease.

The prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing (PHD or EGL9-homologs) enzyme family is mainly known for its role in the cellular response to hypoxia. HIF-PH inhibitors can stabilize hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), activating transcriptional programs that promote processes such as angiogenesis and erythropoiesis to adapt to changes in oxygen levels. HIF-PH inhibitors have been clinically approved for treating several types of anaemia.

Noncovalent Inhibition and Covalent Inactivation of Proline Dehydrogenase by Analogs of -Propargylglycine.

The flavoenzyme proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) catalyzes the first step of proline catabolism, the oxidation of l-proline to Δ-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. The enzyme is a target for chemical probe discovery because of its role in the metabolism of certain cancer cells. -propargylglycine is the first and best characterized mechanism-based covalent inactivator of PRODH.

Novel diagnostic method for B cell vitreoretinal lymphoma by identification of regulatory T cells and PD-1 cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the vitreous via flow cytometry.

Aims: To investigate the significance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the vitreous of patients with vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) and uveitis.

Methods: This study involved 51 patients with VRL and uveitis, 15 males and 36 females (mean age: 72 years, range: 51-86 years), who underwent vitrectomy at the Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, from December 2019 to February 2024. All patients underwent lymphocyte surface antigen analysis via flow cytometry, and the proportion of Tregs in CD4 T lymphocytes and PD-1 CTLs in CD8 T lymphocytes was measured.

Dysregulation of the fluid homeostasis system by aging.

Chronic dehydration is a leading cause of morbidity for the elderly, but how aging alters the fluid homeostasis system is not well understood. Here, we used a combination of physiologic, behavioral and circuit analyses to characterize how fluid balance is affected by aging in mice. We found that old mice have a primary defect in sensing and producing the anti-diuretic hormone vasopressin, which results in chronic dehydration.

Exploratory functional and quality of life outcomes with daily consumption of the ketone ester bis-octanoyl (R)-1,3-butanediol in healthy older adults: a randomized, parallel arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Ketone bodies are metabolites produced during fasting or on a ketogenic diet that have pleiotropic effects on the inflammatory and metabolic aging pathways underpinning frailty in models. Ketone esters (KEs) are compounds that induce hyperketonemia without dietary changes and that may impact physical and cognitive function in young adults. The functional effects of KEs have not been studied in older adults.

To boldly go where no microRNAs have gone before: spaceflight impact on risk for small-for-gestational-age infants.

In the era of renewed space exploration, comprehending the effects of the space environment on human health, particularly for deep space missions, is crucial. While extensive research exists on the impacts of spaceflight, there is a gap regarding female reproductive risks. We hypothesize that space stressors could have enduring effects on female health, potentially increasing risks for future pregnancies upon return to Earth, particularly related to small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses.

The mouse Balbiani body regulates primary oocyte quiescence via RNA storage.

In mammalian females, the transition from dormancy in primordial follicles to follicular development is critical for maintaining ovarian function and reproductive longevity. In mice, the quiescent primary oocyte of the primordial follicle contains a Balbiani body (B-body), an organelle aggregate comprised of a spherical structure of Golgi complexes. Here we show that the structure of the B-body is maintained by microtubules and actin.

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Neuropathology Core: An update.

Introduction: Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) have been instrumental in developing effective disease-modifying therapeutics. However, to prevent/treat dementia effectively, we require biomarkers for non-AD neuropathologies; for this, neuropathologic examinations and annotated tissue samples are essential.

Methods: We conducted clinicopathologic correlation for the first 100 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Neuropathology Core (NPC) cases.

Performance of Plasma Biomarkers Combined with Structural MRI to Identify Candidate Participants for Alzheimer's Disease-Modifying Therapy.

Background: Recently, two monoclonal antibodies that lower amyloid plaques have shown promising results for the treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). These treatments require the identification of cognitively impaired older adults with biomarker evidence of AD pathology using CSF biomarkers or amyloid-PET. Previous studies showed plasma biomarkers (plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 and p-tau181) and hippocampal volume from structural MRI correlated with brain amyloid pathology.