Novel immunoinflammatory blood markers in Graves' orbitopathy: insights into activity and severity.

Objective: This prospective case-control study examined the novel immunoinflammatory markers obtained from blood counts of patients with Graves' orbitopathy (GO), Graves' disease (GD) and healthy subjects.

Methods: Demographic data, white cell count parameters, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR), red cell distribution width (RDW), RDW-to-platelet ratio (RDW/PLT), MPV-to-lymphocyte ratio (MPV/ALC), eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR) and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) were evaluated. The European Group on Graves Orbitopathy scale and Clinical Activity Score were used for clinical activity and severity assessment.

The relationship between serum vitamin D, testosterone, and oxidative stress levels in women with sexual dysfunction: A case-controlled study.

Objective: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is highly prevalent and can result from hypovitaminosis D. Besides the role of vitamin D in normal bone development, studies showed it could reduce oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. This prospective study aims to evaluate the relationship between serum vitamin D, testosterone, and oxidative stress levels in women with FSD.

Evaluation of cyclosporine 0.05% and artificial tears for the management of dry eye disease following cataract surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To compare the effects of cyclosporine 0.05% and artificial tears on dry eye disease following cataract surgery.

Methods: This prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial enroled 60 eyes of 60 eligible cataract patients who completed the study.

The role of endothelial growth factor and tear levels in diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: To evaluate the tear level of VEGF and the quantity of tear film in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: Thirty patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR group) and 30 patients with no DR (NDR group), and 30 healthy subjects with age and gender matching were enrolled in this prospective comparative study. The tear samples were collected using the Schirmer strips, and the amount of moisture absorbed by the strips was used to determine the quantitative level of the tear film.

Predominance of causing tinea capitis: A 12-year retrospective study in the north of Iran.

Background And Purpose: Among different clinical entities of dermatophytosis, tinea capitis (TC) is considered a major public health challenge in the world, especially in regions with poor health and low income. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a retrospective analysis of the patients suspected of TC who were referred to the medical mycology laboratory of Mazandaran, a northern province of Iran.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the patients suspected of TC who were referred to the medical mycology laboratory from July 2009 to April 2022.

Evaluation of the frequency of ABO and Rh-Hr blood-group systems in different acquired cataracts type.

Objectives: This study evaluated the relationship between acquired cataract's different types and the ABO and Rh blood classes.

Methods: Overall, 520 patients, by randomized sampling method, participated in this retrospective cross-sectional study. After reviewing the patient's medical records and laboratory results, the patient's demographics, ABO group, Rh, and cataract type were documented.

Comparison of different corneal imaging modalities using artificial intelligence for diagnosis of keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This review was designed to compare different corneal imaging modalities using artificial intelligence (AI) for the diagnosis of keratoconus (KCN), subclinical KCN (SKCN), and forme fruste KCN (FFKCN).

Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in scientific databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar based on the PRISMA statement. Two independent reviewers assessed all potential publications on AI and KCN up to March 2022.

Vector analysis of astigmatism correction after PRK, FS-LASIK, and SMILE for myopic astigmatism.

Purpose: To compare astigmatic correction among photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK), and small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

Methods: This prospective study enrolled 157 eyes that underwent three procedures (59 PRK, 47 FS-LASIK, and 51 SMILE) for the treatment of myopia with low to high astigmatism (- 0.25 to - 4.

Corneal layer thickness in keratoconus using optical coherence tomography.

Clinical Relevance: Accurate thickness measurement of corneal layers using anterior segment OCT can be used to improve visual outcomes. Understanding its applications is essential for optometric practices to enhance eye care procedures.

Background: To evaluate the thicknesses of different corneal layers for identifying keratoconus (KCN) and subclinical keratoconus (SKCN) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Successful Treatment of Encephalitis Following SARS-Cov-2 Infection: A Case Report.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 invades the cells by attachment of virus spike proteins (S1, S2) to cell membrane and engages angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is highly expressed in the epithelium of cerebral vasculature. Here, we describe a patient with encephalitis following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Case Presentation: A 77-year-old male patient presented with mild cough and coryza lasting for eight days without a prior history of underlying disease or neurologic disorder.

Best indices of dual Scheimpflug/Placido tomographer for keratoconus detection.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of different corneal parameters in detecting keratoconus using a dual Scheimpflug/Placido system (Sirius, CSO, Italy).

Methods: Sixty-eight eyes of 68 keratoconus patients and 77 eyes of 77 normal subjects were prospectively assessed in a diagnostic test study. The mean differences of the corneal parameters were compared using the independent t-test.

Distribution Pattern of Total Corneal Thickness in Keratoconus versus Normal Eyes Using an Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To evaluate the total corneal thickness distribution pattern using a high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (HR SD-OCT) for distinguishing normal eyes from keratoconus (KCN).

Methods: One hundred and forty-four patients were enrolled in three groups (55 normal, 45 mild KCN, and 44 moderate-to-severe KCN eyes) in this prospective diagnostic test study. Total corneal thickness was measured in 8 semi-meridians using HR SD-OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) in 5 and 7 mm zones.

Seroconversion rates following 2 doses of measles- mumps- rubella vaccination given at the ages 12 and 18 months: data for possible additional dose at older age.

Background: Despite high rate of vaccination coverage with 2-doses of measles containing vaccine among Iranian children, outbreaks of measles occurred among different age groups and fully vaccinated subjects. Although the main reason for these outbreaks is unknown, however, vaccine failure was supposed to be an important cause. This study was designed to determine the seroconversion rates to measles- mumps- rubella (MMR) vaccine currently in use among Iranian children.

Giant mediastinal mass in a 3-year-old boy: A rare presentation of neurofibromatosis type I.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disease diagnosed with the presentation of café-au-lait macules, skinfold freckling, iris Lisch nodules, neurofibromas, osseous lesion, and optic gliomas. Mediastinal mass as the first presentation of NF1 is very rare, with a frequency of about 2.7%.

Comparison of the effect of continuous intravenous infusion of sodium valproate and midazolam on management of status epilepticus in children.

Background And Objectives: Status epilepticus as a pediatric emergency requires rapid seizure control in order to prevent subsequent disabilities. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the efficacy and side effects of continuous intravenous infusion of sodium valproate versus midazolam as a third-line treatment of status epilepticus in children.

Methodology: This randomized clinical trial study included all children with convulsive and non-convulsive status epilepticus admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of the Bu-Ali Sina Hospital in Sari City (Mazandaran Province, Iran) who had not responded to first-line treatment with diazepam and second-line treatment with phenytoin or phenobarbital.

A VPS13B mutation in Cohen syndrome presented with petechiae: An unusual presentation.

Cohen syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. CS includes a range of clinical symptoms including retinal dystrophy and myopia. The new VPS13B mutation could cause CS-induced neutropenia and petechiae in patients with CS.

Measles and rubella serosusceptibity among population vaccinated with different schedules: the potential impact on measles-rubella elimination in Iran.

Background: Iranian children were vaccinated with the scheduled two doses of monovalent measles vaccine (mMV) from 1984. In December 2003, a nationwide campaign of measles-rubella (MR) immunization was established to vaccinate 5-25 year- old individuals. In 2004, the mMV was replaced with measles- mumps- rubella (MMR) vaccine.

Adverse effects of brimonidine eye drop in children: A case series.

What Is Known And Objective: Brimonidine is increasingly used in the treatment of intraocular hypertension.

Case Summary: We report on five paediatric patients suffering from brimonidine eye drop intoxication. The most frequent signs of the intoxication were a lowered level of consciousness and hypotonia.

Choosing Appropriate Technique for Nasal Reconstruction in Challenging Cases of Panfacial Burn: Treatment Algorithm.

The nose is one of the most challenging facial parts to reconstruct. Its asymmetries, defects, or disharmonies are easily noticeable. The complex contours, highlights, shadows, and special shape of its subunits make nasal reconstruction more difficult in panfacial burn than that of nonburned ones.

Aldose reductase (AC)n gene polymorphism in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetic microangiopathy; a case-control study.

Aim: (AC)n promoter region of the aldose reductase (ALR) genes polymorphism has been associated with diabetic microvascular complications (MVCs). The aim of this study was to find the relationship between dinucleotide repeat (AC)n polymorphisms of the ALR gene and the occurrence of MVCs, such as diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy in Iranian type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients.

Methods: This prospective case-control study was performed on T2D patients who were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of diabetic microangiopathy.

High level of vaccination and protection against hepatitis B with low rate of HCV infection markers among hospital health care personnel in north of Iran: a cross-sectional study.

Background: hepatitis B virus (HBV) and C virus (HCV) are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Health care personnel (HCP) are subjected to increased risk of these infections. Therefore, HBV vaccination and post-vaccination serologic testing (PVST) are recommended for them.

Macular Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Nephropathic Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy in Iran: A Prospective Case-Control Study.

Background: Diabetic macular ischemia (DMI) is an important category of diabetic retinopathy (DR) which leads to severe visual loss. Clinically, it is defined by an enlargement of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) that can be detected by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Studies have described a relationship between renal disease and these changes in FAZ area.

Supero-Septum Pedicle Mammaplasty: A New Modification for Reduction Mammaplasty.

Background: Many techniques have been introduced for reduction mammaplasty and are utilized in diverse frequencies by different surgeons according to patient needs. Each technique is evaluated based on the aesthetic result, longevity, complication rate, and preservation of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) sensation.

Objectives: The authors sought to introduce the new modified technique of supero-septum pedicle mammaplasty (SSPM) that utilizes both the septum and superior pedicle and is suitable for macromastia and gigantomastia cases.