Gene Expression Study of Host and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interactions in the Manifestation of Acute Tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) could induce type IV hypersensitivity. The chemotaxis of the leukocytes toward the site of infection and producing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key factors in the immune pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB).

Signal amplification strategies in biosensing of extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted from mammalian cells. EVs act as multicomponent delivery vehicles to carry a wide variety of biological molecular information and participate in intercellular communications. Since elevated levels of EVs are associated with some pathological states such as inflammatory diseases and cancers, probing circulating EVs holds a great potential for early diagnostics.

Effects of L. (purslane) on the metabolic syndrome: A review.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as a disorder with multiple abnormalities, including obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and high blood glucose. MetS is the best-known risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and obesity. With the globally increasing prevalence of MetS and its related abnormalities, attention to safe and effective prevention and treatment of this complex disorder has been increased.

Boswellic acids as promising agents for the management of brain diseases.

Boswellic acid (BA)s are pentacyclic triterpenic acids present in gum resin of Boswellia species (such as B. serrata and B. carterii).

Flow cytometric assessment of DNA double-strand break and repair kinetics in prediction of intrinsic radiosensitivity.

Objectives: To enhance the efficiency of radiotherapy (RT), implementation of individual-based treatment is essential. In this way, determining individual intrinsic radiosensitivity (IRS) can be useful to achieve minimal adverse effects of RT. The present study aimed to identify IRS of breast cancer (BC) patients through determination of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), repair kinetics, and acute normal tissue complications induced by RT.

Role of lactobacillus strains in the management of colorectal cancer: An overview of recent advances.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most frequently occurring cancers worldwide. Current standard therapeutic drugs have been associated with serious side effects that can be life-threatening for some patients. Extensive efforts have been undertaken to find alternative therapies.

Bacterial Peptides and Bacteriocins as a Promising Therapy for Solid Tumor.

The conventional treatment is faced with limitations in treating solid tumors due to their specific pathophysiology. Several novel therapeutics have been introduced in recent decades to treat solid tumors. Among these new methods, tumor therapy using bacterial products like bacteriocins and peptides has been of great interest due to their unique characteristics and advantages of them in comparison to the conventional treatment, including that they can precisely target tumor cells, selective toxicity for tumor cells, low side effect on normal cells, toxicity activity for MDR cancer cells, used as the target delivery vehicles and enhancing drug delivery.

Detection of Isoniazid and Rifampin Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates from Sputum Samples by High-Resolution Melting Analysis.

The effective management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and the need for rapid and accurate screening of rifampin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH)-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolates are the most fundamental and difficult challenges facing the global TB control. The present study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution melting-curve analysis (HRMA) in comparison to multiplex allele-specific PCR (MAS-PCR) and xpert MTB/RIF as well as the conventional drug-susceptibility test (DST) and gene sequencing for the detection of INH and RIF resistance in the Mtb isolates. In the present study, a total of 431 Mtb isolates including 11 MDR (%2.

A century of attempts to develop an effective tuberculosis vaccine: Why they failed?

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem despite widespread use of the Bacillus BCG vaccine. This situation is worsened by co-infection with HIV, and the development of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains. Thus, novel vaccine candidates and improved vaccination strategies are urgently needed in order to reduce the incidence of TB and even to eradicate TB by 2050.

Sensitive and specific clinically diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 employing a novel biosensor based on boron nitride quantum dots/flower-like gold nanostructures signal amplification.

The sudden increase of the COVID-19 outbreak and its continued growth with mutations in various forms has created a global health crisis as well as devastating social and economic effects over the past two years. In this study, a screen-printed carbon electrode reinforced with boron nitride quantum dots/flower-like gold nanostructures (BNQDs/FGNs/SPCE) and functionalized by highly specific antisense DNA oligonucleotide presents an alternative and promising solution for targeting SARS-CoV-2 RNA without nucleic acid amplification. The platform was tested on 120 SARS-CoV-2 RNA isolated from real clinical samples (60 positive and 60 negative confirmed by conventional RT-PCR method).

Inhibitory effects of tolerogenic probiotics on migratory potential of lupus patient-derived DCs.

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate whether and treatments can induce regulatory phenotype, together with modulating the expression of chemokine receptors (CRs) in dendritic cells (DCs). The CRs of DCs have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through directing recruitment and migration of immune cells.

Materials And Methods: In brief, monocytes of patients with SLE and healthy donors were isolated and differentiated to regulatory or inflammatory mature DCs through treatment with , , mixed probiotics, and LPS.

The Potential Impact of Statins in the Treatment of Patients with COVID-19 Infection.

Introduction: Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs that also have anti-inflammatory/ immunomodulatory properties, and have been suggested as an adjunct therapy for COVID-19.

Methods: To investigate the clinical impact of statins as a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of cases infected with COVID-19, a systematic search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. To extend the search results, a set of keywords were used as follows: ("corona virus" OR "Covid-19" OR "SARS-Cov-2" OR "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2" OR coronavirus) AND (Statins), alongside a manual search in Google Scholar search engine.

Game theory applications in host-microbe interactions toward disease manifestation: infection as an example.

Objectives: Game theory describes the interactions between two players and the pay-off from winning, losing, or compromising. In the present study, ()-host interactions were used as an example for the application of game theory to describe and predict the different outcomes of -infection and introducing target molecules for use in protection or therapy.

Materials And Methods: The gene expression for eight main markers (CCR1, CCR2, IDO, Tbet, TGFβ, iNOS, MMP3, MMP9) of host response and three virulence factors (Ag85B, CFP-10, ESAT-6) were assessed in broncho-alveolar lavage of TB and TB patients.

Emerging roles of CD133 in the treatment of gastric cancer, a novel stem cell biomarker and beyond.

Gastric cancer (GC) is an aggressive disease with one of the highest mortality rates in the world. In the early stage, most patients are asymptomatic and early diagnosis is difficult. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been highlighted as crucial emerging factors in the initiation or invasiveness of solid tumors.

Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Rosmarinus officinalis and investigated their antimicrobial activity.

The interest of many has been attracted by plant-mediated synthesizing procedures for nanoparticles since they provide certain qualities including being cost-effective, quick, and compatible with the environment. In this regard, this work introduces the production of selenium-nanoparticles (Se-NPs) in a biological manner utilizing aqueous extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis (R. officinalis).

A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders.

The human body is full of an extensive number of commensal microbes, consisting of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the human microbiome. The initial acquisition of microbiota occurs from both the external and maternal environments, and the vast majority of them colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). These microbial communities play a central role in the maturation and development of the immune system, the central nervous system, and the GIT system and are also responsible for essential metabolic pathways.

Previous pulmonary tuberculosis enhances the risk of lung cancer: systematic reviews and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The possible association between history of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer (LC) has attracted researchers' attention for several decades. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the association between previous pulmonary TB infection and LC risk.

Methods: A Systematic and comprehensive search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, clinical key, Web of Science and Google Scholar, in articles and abstracts published from 1987 to 2021.

The antiviral immune defense may be adversely influenced by weight loss through a calorie restriction program in obese women.

Background: Obesity and weight loss are reported to be associated with immune function. This study aimed to investigate the changes in counts of lymphocytes involved in microbial defense during weight loss in obese women.

Methods: This clinical trial involved 29 women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m.

PCSK9 immunization using nanoliposomes: preventive efficacy against hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to study a nanoliposomal anti-PCSK9 vaccine as a novel approach for cholesterol lowering via PCSK9 inhibition.

Material And Methods: An immunogenic peptide construct termed immunogenic fused PCSK9-tetanus (IFPT) was displayed on the surface of liposome nanoparticles (L-IFPT) and mixed into alum adjuvant (L-IFPTA+). The manufactured vaccine formulations IFPT, L-IFPT, L-IFPTA+, IFPTA+, and free nanoliposomes were subcutaneously injected four times with bi-weekly intervals in C57BL/6 mice on a severe atherogenic protocol.

Comparative assessment of proliferation and immunomodulatory potential of Hypericum perforatum plant and callus extracts on mesenchymal stem cells derived adipose tissue from multiple sclerosis patients.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells-derived adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) are recognized for the treatment of inflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). Hypericum perforatum (HP) is an anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical plant with bioactive compounds. Plant tissue culture is a technique to improve desired pharmacological potential.

The Evaluation of Safety Property and Apoptotic Efficacy of α-L-Guluronic Acid (G2013), as a Novel NSAID, Under Examination on L929 and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines.

Background: Many investigations have expanded this concept that liver chronic inflammation has an essential role in persistent cell damages along with altering the liver microenvironment leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and finally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used; however, their long-term usage can lead to severe adverse events on vital organs like the liver. Interestingly, the α-L-Guluronic Acid (G2013), as a novel NSAID with immunomodulatory properties, has shown the inhibitory effects on inflammation and metastasis in experimental models.

T helper type 1 biased immune responses by PPE17 loaded core-shell alginate-chitosan nanoparticles after subcutaneous and intranasal administration.

Purpose: Tuberculosis, a cost and life threatening disease, was being subjected for improving vaccine strategies beyond BCG. Thus, a novel particulate delivery system using alginate-coated chitosan nanoparticles including PPE17 protein and CpG were administered through intranasal (IN) and subcutaneous (SC) routes.

Methods: The encapsulated nanoparticles were first characterized for size, surface charge, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release of PPE17 antigen.

The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need for an Integrated and Equitable Approach: An International Expert Consensus Paper.

Background: One year after the declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) and despite the implementation of mandatory physical barriers and social distancing, humanity remains challenged by a long-lasting and devastating public health crisis.

Management: Non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) are efficient mitigation strategies. The success of these NPIs is dependent on the approval and commitment of the population.