Personal Financial Literacy for the Orthopaedic Trainee and Early Career Surgeon: A Review of the Basics.

Personal finance is a topic that has historically been shunned as a point of conversation in academia, often avoided and seldom discussed in medical training. However, this aversion leaves trainees and early career surgeons to make complex financial decisions without sufficient understanding while simultaneously facing the pressures of building an orthopaedic practice-a recipe destined for burnout. This simple review serves to equip young orthopaedic surgeons with the fundamental personal financial concepts essential for making wise financial choices early in their careers.

Implementation of an Intensive Surgical Simulation Week for Medical Students in Rwanda.

Introduction: Simulation-based training often fails to meet the needs of low- and middle-income countries with limited access to high-cost models. We built on an existing surgical simulation curriculum for medical students in Rwanda and assessed students' experience.

Methods: Based on a contextual simulation-based education curriculum that was piloted in 2022, our team designed and delivered an intensive week-long surgical simulation course for medical students.

Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction: A Guide for Clinicians.

Dysfunction of the coronary microvasculature has become increasingly recognized as an important mechanism of myocardial ischemia in patients without obstructive coronary artery disease. The causes and management of coronary microvascular dysfunction remain poorly understood and are still largely based on extrapolation of epicardial coronary artery disease data. Quantification of myocardial blood flow and flow reserve have improved diagnosis, though important questions remain.

Skin phototype of participants in laser and light treatments of cosmetic dermatologic conditions: A systematic review.

Background: In cosmetic dermatology, lasers and lights treat a variety of hair and skin conditions, including some that disproportionately affect people of color.

Aims: Our systematic review aims to understand the representation of participants with skin phototypes 4-6 in cosmetic dermatologic trials studying laser and light devices.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using search terms "laser," "light," and multiple laser and light subtypes in the PubMed and Web of Science databases.

Cervical Spine Research Society-Cervical Stiffness Disability Index (CSRS-CSDI): Validation of a Novel Scoring System Quantifying the Effect of Postarthrodesis Cervical Stiffness on Patient Quality of Life.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Objective: The aim was to create and validate a novel patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) focusing on stiffness-related patient functional limitations after cervical spine fusion.

Summary Of Background Data: Cervical arthrodesis is a common treatment for myelopathy/radiculopathy, however, results in increased neck stiffness as a collateral outcome.

The Impact of Global Health Experiences on the Emergency Medicine Residency Milestones.

Objectives: Identify the impact of experiences in global health (GH) on the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competencies in emergency medicine (EM) residents and describe the individual characteristics of EM residents with global health experience compared to those without.

Methods: From 2015 to 2018, 117 residents from 13 nationally accredited United States EM residency training programs were surveyed. Specifically, the survey gathered demographic data and information regarding timing, type, location and duration of short term experiences in global health (STEGH).

Current gaps in management and timely referral of cardiorenal complications among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Middle East and African countries: Expert recommendations.

The upsurge of type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and Africa (AFR) region, with cardiorenal complications (CRCs) being the predominant cause of premature morbidity and mortality. High prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, lack of awareness among patients and physicians, deficient infrastructure, and economic constraints lead to a cascade of CRCs at a significantly earlier age in MENA and AFR. In this review, we present consensus recommendations by experts in MENA and AFR, highlighting region-specific challenges and potential solutions for management of CRCs.

Computer-Assisted Preoperative Planning and Patient-Specific Instrumentation for Glenoid Implants in Shoulder Arthroplasty.

»: Glenoid component positioning affects implant survival after total shoulder arthroplasty, and accurate glenoid-component positioning is an important technical aspect.

»: The use of virtual planning and patient-specific instrumentation has been shown to produce reliable implant placement in the laboratory and in some clinical studies.

»: Currently available preoperative planning software programs employ different techniques to generate 3-dimensional models and produce anatomic measurements potentially affecting clinical decisions.

Supination Adduction Vertical Medial Malleolar Fracture Fixation with Buttress Plating vs a Novel Screw-Only Construct: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study.

Background: Supination adduction ankle fractures are unique among rotational ankle fractures as plate constructs are more commonly used than independent screws for medial malleolar fixation. The purpose of this study was to compare fracture displacement between plate fixation to a novel screw-only construct using a cadaveric biomechanical early-weightbearing model for the treatment of vertical medial malleolus fractures.

Methods: Six nonosteoporotic fresh-frozen cadaver shanks and feet in matched pairs underwent a vertical osteotomy of the medial malleolus to simulate the supination adduction type injury.

Variability in Hand Surgery Training Among Plastic and Orthopaedic Surgery Residents.

Background: A career in hand surgery in the United States requires a 1-year fellowship after residency training. Different residency specialty programs may vary in case volume. The purpose of this study was to characterize variation in hand surgery training within and between orthopaedic and plastic surgery residents.

Temporal and Geographic Trends in Medicare Reimbursement of Primary and Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty: 2000 to 2020.

Introduction: A comprehensive understanding of the trends for financial reimbursement of shoulder arthroplasty is important as progress is made toward achieving sustainable payment models in orthopaedics. This study analyzes Medicare reimbursement trends for shoulder arthroplasty. We hypothesize that Medicare reimbursement has decreased for shoulder arthroplasty procedures from 2000 to 2020 and that revision procedures have experienced greater decreases in reimbursement.

Trends in Operative Treatment of Pediatric and Adolescent Forearm Fractures Among American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Part II Candidates.

Background: Pediatric and adolescent forearm fractures are among the most common injuries treated by orthopaedic surgeons. Recent literature shows that there has been an increased interest in operative management for these injuries. The purpose of the current study was to examine the trends in case volume, patient age, surgeon fellowship training, and postoperative complications of surgically treated pediatric forearm fractures over >15-year period of American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part II Oral Examination candidates.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Rhode Island From a Statewide Random Sample.

To characterize statewide seroprevalence and point prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Rhode Island. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected households across Rhode Island in May 2020. Antibody-based and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based tests for SARS-CoV-2 were offered.

Association of Sedentary Time and Incident Heart Failure Hospitalization in Postmenopausal Women.

Background: The 2018 US Physical Activity Guidelines recommend reducing sedentary behavior (SB) for cardiovascular health. SB's role in heart failure (HF) is unclear.

Methods: We studied 80 982 women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, aged 50 to 79 years, who were without known HF and reported ability to walk ≥1 block unassisted at baseline.

Molecular Testing for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections: Clinical and Diagnostic Recommendations From the IDSA's Diagnostics Committee.

The clinical signs and symptoms of acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are not pathogen specific. Highly sensitive and specific nucleic acid amplification tests have become the diagnostic reference standard for viruses, and translation of bacterial assays from basic research to routine clinical practice represents an exciting advance in respiratory medicine. Most recently, molecular diagnostics have played an essential role in the global health response to the novel coronavirus pandemic.

Perfusion Pressure Lacks Diagnostic Specificity for the Diagnosis of Acute Compartment Syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of perfusion pressure (PP) thresholds for fasciotomy.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: Seven Level-1 trauma centers.

Post-thyroidectomy emergency room visits and readmissions: Assessment from the Collaborative Endocrine Surgery Quality Improvement Program (CESQIP).

Background: This study analyzed independent factors associated with post-thyroidectomy Emergency Room (ER) visits and Hospital Readmissions (HR).

Methods: This is a retrospective review from the CESQIP registry of 8381 thyroidectomy patients by 173 surgeons at 46 institutions. A total of 7142 ER visits and 7265 HR were analyzed.

The Military Extremity Trauma Amputation/Limb Salvage (METALS) Study: Outcomes of Amputation Compared with Limb Salvage Following Major Upper-Extremity Trauma.

Background: Severe upper-extremity injuries account for almost one-half of all extremity trauma in recent conflicts in the Global War on Terror. Few long-term outcomes studies address severe combat-related upper-extremity injuries. This study's objective was to describe long-term functional outcomes of amputation compared with those of limb salvage in Global War on Terror veterans who sustained severe upper-extremity injuries.

Prescription Opioid Use Among Patients With Acute Gout Discharged From the Emergency Department.

Objective: Acute gout is among the most painful inflammatory arthritides and a frequent cause of emergency department (ED) visits. Prescription opioids are the leading contributor to the ongoing opioid epidemic; EDs are often the source of the index prescription. Our aim was to assess the burden of opioid use and factors associated with its use among gout patients discharged from the ED.

Mixing Studies in Patients With Prolonged Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time or Prothrombin Time.

Background: Patients presenting for surgery may have isolated or combined prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and/or prothrombin time (PT). In patients not receiving anticoagulants or with no identifiable cause for abnormal clot formation, a mixing study is performed. The index of circulating anticoagulant (ICA) has been used to predict the presence of an inhibitor, usually a lupus anticoagulant.