Barriers to Disclosure of Intimate Partner Violence Among Undocumented Spanish-Speaking Immigrants in the United States.

Undocumented monolingual Spanish-speaking immigrants are one of the most vulnerable and marginalized groups to experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in the United States. This paper explores the barriers that prevent IPV disclosure in healthcare settings. Qualitative interviews ( = 14) were conducted with previously undocumented Spanish-speaking legal clients of a community domestic violence agency.

Excessive alcohol consumption and the risk of knee osteoarthritis: a prospective study from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Objective: To examine the association of alcohol consumption with risk of incident knee osteoarthritis (OA) in a large prospective cohort study.

Design: In the Osteoarthritis Initiative, 2,846 participants aged 45-79 years and free from radiographic knee OA in at least one knee at baseline were followed up to 96 months. Information on baseline alcohol consumption was obtained from the Block Brief Food Frequency Questionnaire.

Dietary patterns and risk of developing knee osteoarthritis: data from the osteoarthritis initiative.

Objective: Some studies have examined the association between dietary factors and risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA). We aimed to examine the prospective association of major dietary patterns with the risk of developing knee OA.

Method: We followed 2,842 participants in Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) aged 45-79 years and with at least one knee free from radiographic knee OA at baseline for up to 72 months.

Traditional serrated adenomas (TSA) and the company they keep: TSA presence predicts advanced neoplasm states.

Background: The association of TSAs with metachronous neoplasms is well established and suggests that TSAs would also have an association with synchronous neoplasms.

Methods: We compared odds ratios and rates of synchronous neoplasms found in colonoscopies with and without TSAs.

Results: There was a mean of 2.

Dietary Patterns and Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Background: While some individual foods and nutrients have been associated with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) progression, the association between dietary patterns and KOA progression has received little research attention.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary patterns, derived by principal components analysis (PCA), are associated with KOA progression.

Methods: In the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), a prospective cohort with clinical centers in Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island, 2757 participants with existing KOA (mean age 62 y) and diet assessed at baseline were followed for ≤72 mo.

Comparing the Validity of Self-Report and Urinalysis for Substance Use among Former Inmates in the Northeastern United States.

Background: Problems with self-reported drug use include difficulties with recall and recognition as well as the desire to respond to questions in a socially desirable manner. Various methods have been developed to improve and/or validate estimates based on direct questioning of individuals regarding their substance use. For this study, we were interested in validating self-reported use of: 1) tobacco, 2) marijuana, and 3) other substances (i.

Intimate violence as it relates to risky sexual behavior among at-risk females.

Objective: Rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adolescents are on the rise. The majority of adolescents who contract STIs do so through risky sexual behavior. Previous literature has identified multiple correlates of risky sexual behaviors among adolescents, including physical and sexual victimization, mental health concerns, and substance use.

Talking with young children about concussions: an exploratory study.

Background: Concussion education for children early in their participation in organized sport may help shape lasting attitudes about concussion safety. However, existing programming and research focus on older ages.

Methods: Qualitative interviews about concussions were conducted with twenty children between the ages of six and eight.

Goals and Plans of Incarcerated Men Postrelease.

Prior research has not examined the self-identified goals and plans of incarcerated people as they approach release from prison. This study analyzed the goals and plans generated during a motivational interviewing counseling session of incarcerated men who participated in a randomized controlled trial of a smoking abstinence intervention in a tobacco-free prison in the northeastern United States. Using thematic analysis, 53 written goals and plans were independently coded by trained research assistants to identify major themes that included (1) staying smoke-free or reducing the number of cigarettes smoked postrelease, (2) engaging in physical activities to improve health and wellness, and (3) spending time with family and/or friends.

Exploration of Incarcerated Men's and Women's Attitudes of Smoking in the Presence of Children and Pregnant Women: Is There a Disparity Between Smoking Attitudes and Smoking Behavior?

Introduction: A major health challenge facing persons who are incarcerated is tobacco smoking. Upon reentry to the community, concerns regarding smoking cessation may be less likely to receive needed attention. Many individuals have partners who are pregnant and/or reside in households where children and pregnant women live.

Incarceration and perinatal smoking: a missed public health opportunity.

Background: Incarceration is simultaneously a public health opportunity and a public health concern. We examined the association between maternal/partner incarceration in the year prior to birth and perinatal smoking.

Methods: We pooled 2006-2010 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System.

The association between impulsivity and alcohol/drug use among prison inmates.

Background: Few studies have examined the relation between impulsivity and drug involvement with prison inmates, in spite of their heavy drug use. Among this small body of work, most studies look at clinically relevant drug dependence, rather than drug use specifically.

Method: N=242 adult inmates (34.

The relation between smoking status and medical conditions among incarcerated adults.

Objectives: The rate of smoking among incarcerated adults is more than 3 times that of the general population. Negative health consequences of smoking have prompted many correctional facilities to become tobacco-free. This presents a unique opportunity to examine health conditions associated with motivation to remain tobacco-free after release from prison.

Health in all policies: a start in Rhode Island.

In Rhode Island, health care access, whether measured as having a regular source of care or as having health insurance, is better than the U.S. average.

Forced smoking abstinence: not enough for smoking cessation.

Importance: Millions of Americans are forced to quit smoking as they enter tobacco-free prisons and jails, but most return to smoking within days of release. Interventions are needed to sustain tobacco abstinence after release from incarceration.

Objective: To evaluate the extent to which the WISE intervention (Working Inside for Smoking Elimination), based on motivational interviewing (MI) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), decreases relapse to smoking after release from a smoke-free prison.

State of the Art Review: Colorectal Cancer Screening.

Although colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the U.S., the burden of this disease could be dramatically reduced by increased utilization of screening.

Colorectal cancer screening: language is a greater barrier for Latino men than Latino women.

Colorectal cancer screening (CRC) disparities between non-Latino Whites and Latinos remain, and may have increased. The goal of this analysis was to examine the association between Latino race/ethnicity, gender, and English-proficiency and CRC screening. Analysis of the CDC's BRFSS 2008 survey.

Motivational interviewing with computer assistance as an intervention to empower women to make contraceptive choices while incarcerated: study protocol for randomized controlled trial.

Background: Unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are important and costly public health problems in the United States resulting from unprotected sexual intercourse. Risk factors for unplanned pregnancies and STIs (poverty, low educational attainment, homelessness, substance abuse, lack of health insurance, history of an abusive environment, and practice of commercial sex work) are especially high among women with a history of incarceration. Project CARE (Contraceptive Awareness and Reproductive Education) is designed to evaluate an innovative intervention, motivational interviewing with computer assistance (MICA), aimed at enhancing contraceptive initiation and maintenance among incarcerated women who do not want a pregnancy within the next year and who are anticipated to be released back to the community.

Working Inside for Smoking Elimination (Project W.I.S.E.) study design and rationale to prevent return to smoking after release from a smoke free prison.

Background: Incarcerated individuals suffer disproportionately from the health effects of tobacco smoking due to the high smoking prevalence in this population. In addition there is an over-representation of ethnic and racial minorities, impoverished individuals, and those with mental health and drug addictions in prisons. Increasingly, prisons across the U.

How is food insecurity associated with dietary behaviors? An analysis with low-income, ethnically diverse participants in a nutrition intervention study.

Food insecurity has been associated with lower nutrient intake as well as lower intake of fruits and vegetables. However, little is known about the association of food insecurity and dietary behaviors, including food choices and preparation methods. This study examines the relationship between food insecurity and dietary behaviors of low-income adults (N = 1,874; 55% Hispanic) who completed the baseline telephone survey for a nutrition education study.

Beyond the basics: refills by electronic prescribing.

Introduction: E-prescribing is part of a new generation of electronic solutions for the medical industry that may have great potential for improving work flow and communication between medical practices and pharmacies. In the US, it has been introduced with minimal monitoring of errors and general usability. This paper examines refill functionality in e-prescribing software.

Timing of conception for pregnant women returning to jail.

Approximately 6% to 10% of women entering jails are pregnant. Women entering jail are often poor, medically underserved, and at high risk for substance abuse and unplanned pregnancies. We hypothesize that many women who are pregnant when entering jail have had a prior incarceration and conceived soon after release.

Genetic variation in the dopamine pathway and smoking cessation.

Twin and family studies have established that genetic factors account for much of the variation in tobacco dependence. Therefore, identification of genetic variants predictive of successful smoking cessation has implications for the future prospect of personalized smoking cessation therapies. Converging data implicate the dopamine pathway as an important neural substrate for tobacco dependence.