198 results match your criteria: "Brown School at Washington University[Affiliation]"
Drug Alcohol Depend
July 2023
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO63110, USA.
Objective: Polysubstance use among adolescents is a significant public health concern, yet most studies on adolescent substance use focus on a singular substance. This study is one of the first to investigate the association between perceived racial discrimination (PRD) in school and polysubstance use among racial/ethnic minority adolescents using a nationally representative sample.
Methods: Data was from the 2021 Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey.
Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM
July 2023
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO (Dr Thayer, Ms Faramarzi, and Drs Kelly, Carter, Frolova, Odibo, and Raghuraman).
Background: Electronic fetal monitoring is widely used to identify and intervene in suspected fetal hypoxia and/or acidemia. Category II fetal heart rate tracings are the most common class of fetal monitoring in labor, and intrauterine resuscitation is recommended given the association of category II fetal heart rate tracings with fetal acidemia. However, limited published data are available to guide intrauterine resuscitation technique selection, leading to heterogeneity in the response to category II fetal heart rate tracings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImplement Res Pract
December 2022
Adult and Child Center for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (CU-Anschutz), Aurora, CO, USA.
Background: The field of Implementation science (IS) continues to evolve, and the number and type of IS capacity building Programs (ISCBPs) are in flux. These changes push the field to revisit the accepted IS competencies and to guide sustainment of ISCBPs. Our objectives were: (1) compare characteristics of current ISCBPs; (2) identify recommendations to support ISCBP sustainment; (3) measure how often ISCBPs address IS competencies; (4) identify novel and important IS competencies for the field.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
March 2023
The Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America.
Adolescent resettled refugees across the United States have been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, through socio-economic stressors in households, disproportionate morbidity and mortality in immigrant communities, and social isolation and loss of learning due to school closures and the shift to online learning. The Study of Adolescent Lives after Migration to America [SALaMA] investigates the mental health and wellbeing of adolescents who come from-or who have parents who came from-the Middle East and North Africa [MENA] region and settled in the U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Community Psychol
September 2023
Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
We explore how Arab adolescents enact critical consciousness to improve their lives and better their community. Eleven first- and second-generation Arab adolescents participated in a Photovoice study and were asked to reflect on and take photos that represented their well-being, daily life, and sense of belonging and community. The participants discussed their photos over multiple group reflection sessions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrev Chronic Dis
March 2023
Health Communication Research Laboratory, Brown School at Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.
Introduction: State tobacco quitlines are delivering cessation assistance through an increasingly diverse range of channels. However, offerings vary from state to state, many smokers are unaware of what is available, and it is not yet clear how much demand exists for different types of assistance. In particular, the demand for online and digital cessation interventions among low-income smokers, who bear a disproportionate burden of tobacco-related disease, is not well understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSubst Use Misuse
March 2023
Plains Regional Medical Center, Clovis, New Mexico, USA.
Background: Although studies have investigated the association between sexual violence (SV) victimization and substance use, few studies have examined the association between SV victimization and electronic vaping product (EVP) use among adolescents in the United States. The objective of this study was to examine the cross-sectional association between SV victimization and EVP use among adolescents.
Methods: Data were pooled from the 2017 and 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey.
Am J Transplant
March 2023
Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
J Pain Symptom Manage
May 2023
Golfarb School of Nursing at Barnes-Jewish College (P.N.), St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Background: The Translational Science Benefit Model (TSBM) was developed to broadly capture systematic measures of health and societal benefits from scientific research, beyond traditional outcome measures. We aimed to develop a systematic process for the application of the TSBM and to then provide an example of a novel application of the TSBM to an ongoing Return-to-Learn (RTL) after youth concussion project involving partnerships with community stakeholders.
Methods: We invited investigators, project advisory board, and participants of the RTL project to participate in a modified Delphi process.
Evid Policy
January 2023
Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.
Background: Obesity evidence-based policies (EBPs) can make a lasting, positive impact on community health; however, policy development and enactment is complex and dependent on multiple forces.
Aims And Objectives: This study investigated key factors affecting municipal officials' policymaking for obesity and related health disparities.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 local officials from a selection of municipalities with high obesity or related health disparities across the United States between December 2020 and April 2021.
Am J Prev Med
April 2023
Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Public Health Sciences Division, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
Introduction: The research goal of this study is to explore why misimplementation occurs in public health agencies and how it can be reduced. Misimplementation is ending effective activities prematurely or continuing ineffective ones, which contributes to wasted resources and suboptimal health outcomes.
Methods: The study team created an agent-based model that represents how information flow, filtered through organizational structure, capacity, culture, and leadership priorities, shapes continuation decisions.
J Transp Health
June 2022
Health Communication Research Laboratory, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.
Objective: The study sought to determine whether reporting a history of depression, anxiety, PTSD, bipolar disorder, drug or alcohol use disorder, ADHD, schizophrenia, or current depressive symptoms was associated with requesting help for any of 12 social needs.
Methods: A community-based sample of 1,944 low-income adult smokers in Missouri who had called a telephone helpline for social needs were recruited between June 1, 2017 and November 15, 2020. Helpline data on callers' requests for assistance with utilities, housing, food, household goods, healthcare, transportation, adult care, financial assistance, employment, legal assistance, personal safety and childcare were merged with self-reported mental health data collected in a subsequent phone survey with the same callers.
J Sch Health
March 2023
Institutional Effectiveness, Office of the Provost, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196-0251-46, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130.
Background: Schools provide essential functions for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), but their vulnerability to infection with SARS-CoV-2 are a barrier to in-person learning. This qualitative study aimed to understand how weekly SARS-CoV-2 screening testing of students and staff could best facilitate in-school learning during the pandemic.
Methods: Thirty-one focus groups were held with school staff and parents of children with IDD to examine the perceptions of COVID-19 during the 2020-2021 school year.
Transl Cancer Res
October 2022
Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Background: For patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the foundational treatment strategy. Adding induction chemotherapy did not achieve a superior efficacy but increased the burden from toxicity. Accordingly, we retrospectively investigated the toxicity patterns through pooling individual patient data of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB)/Alliance trials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Healthy Eat Act Living
August 2022
Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.
Physical activity (PA) has many benefits; however, groups facing barriers to health-promoting behaviors are less likely to be physically active. This may be addressed through workplace interventions. The current study employs objective (accelerometry) and perceived (International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ]) measures of PA among a subset of participants from the "Working for You" study, which tests a multi-level (work group and individual) workplace intervention targeted at workers with low-incomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChild Abuse Negl
December 2022
Brown School at Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States. Electronic address:
Background: The United Nations Refugee Agency [UNHCR] implements a Framework for Child Protection for refugee children, based on a child protection systems-strengthening approach. Measurement of child protection system strength in humanitarian contexts is nascent, and existing methodologies do not capture the multiple components of the Framework.
Objective: To develop, pilot and refine a measure of child protection system strength in humanitarian contexts.
Am J Lifestyle Med
October 2022
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA (ALC, DMH); Brown School Evaluation Center, Brown School at Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA (EMS, NLD, MWR); Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, A. T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, USA (EMS); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA (HP).
Interprofessional care improves outcomes for medically complex patients and may be a valuable addition to standard lifestyle medicine practice, but implementation barriers exist. The purpose of this study was to explore the key features, perceived impact, and implementation considerations related to holding interprofessional team meetings as part of an intensive lifestyle medicine program. In this mixed-methods study, focus groups were conducted with 15 lifestyle medicine clinicians from various healthcare disciplines who had participated in interprofessional team meetings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Health Promot
May 2023
Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Purpose: We investigated associations of intrapersonal and environmental factors with objectively assessed weekly moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) minutes, and their interactions in rural adults.
Design: Cross-sectional.
Setting: 14 rural towns participating in a multilevel intervention to promote physical activity.
Transpl Infect Dis
October 2022
Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Background: Recipients of solid organ transplants (SOTs) have unique risks for infections, but providers are often hesitant to apply the principles of antimicrobial stewardship to this patient population due to perceived excess risk. The methods of implementation science may move the field forward to simultaneously improve patient outcomes and patient safety.
Methods: Perspective piece on implementation science in SOT patients.
J Gerontol Soc Work
April 2023
University of Michigan School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Low-income senior housing provided through the Section 202 Supportive Housing for the Elderly program is a critical site for aging in place, and many of these properties have hired service coordinators to monitor residents' quality of life, provide access to services, and promote their ability to age in place. To address gaps in the limited literature on Section 202 buildings, this study examined the association between service coordination and low-income senior housing residents' preference to age in place with particular attention to the most economically vulnerable. We analyzed data from 255 older adults living in eight Section 202 buildings in Southeastern Michigan using logistic regression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Behav Nutr Phys Act
October 2022
Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Background: Women of childbearing age are vulnerable to weight gain and experience a high prevalence of obesity due to pregnancy and stressors of parenthood. Lifestyle interventions such as the Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home (HEALTH) study have been effective for weight loss; however, little is known about how the built environment (parks, transit, grocery stores, fast food, walkability etc.), where participants live might modify intervention effectiveness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Public Health
September 2022
Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.
Introduction: The dissemination of evidence-based interventions (i.e., programs, practices, and policies) is a core function of US state health departments (SHDs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoc Sci Med
October 2022
Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, USA. Electronic address:
Public health scholars and practitioners have increasingly distanced themselves from the term "culture," which has been used to essentialize and blame marginalized "others." However, leading health theories inevitably entail the study of culture; omitting the term may sever vital connections to useful social theory. Instead, we propose the Intersectional Theory of Cultural Repertoires in Health (RiH), integrating social norms and intersectionality with repertoire theory, which has been highly influential in cultural sociology.
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