The effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on PTSD and depression symptoms in trauma-exposed black adults: Pilot randomized controlled trial results.

Low-income, urban-dwelling Black adults are disproportionately affected by traumatic experiences, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression and encounter inequities in treatment access. In addition to the benefits Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for depression, there is preliminary evidence of successful symptom reduction in PTSD via MBCT across two prior pilot studies in veterans. Studies examining the effects of MBCT among trauma-exposed Black adults remains limited, and examination of effects across specific PTSD clusters is almost nonexistent.

Weight discrimination partially mediates the longitudinal relationship between Body Mass Index and pain.

Pain is common among individuals with high Body Mass Index (BMI). This study investigated weight discrimination as a mediator of the longitudinal relationship between BMI and the presence of moderate/severe pain among adults from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) cohort. ELSA is a longitudinal study of middle-aged and older adults living in England.

Behavioral weight loss interventions in college health centers: A qualitative analysis of barriers and facilitators to implementation.

Background: Emerging adults are underrepresented in standard behavioral weight loss interventions (BWLIs). Offering BWLIs in college health centers may help to address obesity in emerging adulthood by reducing student barriers associated with participation; however, implementation barriers and facilitators for health centers are unknown.

Methods: Health services center administrators and providers ( = 14) and students eligible to participate in a BWLI ( = 9, average BMI = 29.

Lead-In Parenteral Anticoagulation Prior to Direct Oral Anticoagulation for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may be suitable for cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). The optimal strategy regarding lead-in parenteral anticoagulation (PA) prior to DOAC is unknown.

Methods: In this post hoc analysis of the retrospective ACTION-CVT study, we compared patients treated with DOACs as part of routine care: those given "very early" DOAC (no PA), "early" (<5 days PA) and "delayed" (5-21 days PA).

Heart failure and stroke: The underrepresentation of the heart failure with preserved ejection fraction subtype in randomized clinical trials of therapeutic anticoagulation.

Heart failure (HF) is an important comorbidity for patients with ischemic stroke, present in 11 %-18 % of patients, and may also independently increase the risk of first-ever and recurrent ischemic stroke. HF is categorized based on ejection fraction (EF) into HF with reduced (HFrEF), mildly-reduced (HFmrEG) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), with the efficacy of HF therapies differing between the three subcategories. Despite this classification, the incidence, recurrence rates and outcomes of ischemic stroke do not appear to differ significantly between the three subtypes, even when considering the concurrent presence of atrial fibrillation.

Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Despite advancements in medical care, there remain persistent racial, ethnic, and gender disparity in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of individuals with cardiovascular disease. In this review we seek to discuss differences in pathophysiology, clinical course, and risk profiles in the management and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction and related high-risk states.

Reconsidering the Role of Weight Loss in Treatment for Chronic Pain: Knee Osteoarthritis as an Exemplar.

Chronic pain is prevalent among individuals with higher body weight and associated with greater impairment. As a result, weight loss is a common recommendation for pain management among those with higher body weight. Body weight is an appealing target because it is modifiable and evidence-based treatments to produce weight loss are well-established.

Epigenetic Age Acceleration and Disparities in Posttraumatic Stress in Women in Southeast Louisiana: NIMHD Social Epigenomics Program.

Importance: Disasters experienced by an entire community provide opportunities to understand individual differences in risk for adverse health outcomes over time. DNA methylation (DNAm) differences may help to distinguish individuals at increased risk following large-scale disasters.

Objective: To examine the association of epigenetic age acceleration with probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and PTSD symptom severity in women.

Health screenings in college health centers: Variations in practice.

The purpose of this study was to examine the routine screening of female students in college health centers for six priority health-related behaviors and experiences (tobacco use, alcohol use, eating disorders [EDs], obesity, anxiety and depression, intimate partner violence/sexual violence [IPV/SV]), and to identify variations in practice. A nationally representative sample of 1,221 healthcare providers (HCPs), including nurse practitioners, physicians, and physician assistants, from 471 U.S.

Validity of the DSM-5 Mixed Features Specifier Interview.

Objectives: To examine the reliability and validity of a semi-structured interview assessing the features of the DSM-5 mixed features specifier. Our goal was to develop an instrument that could be used for both diagnostic and severity measurement purposes.

Methods: Four hundred fifty-nine psychiatric patients in a depressive episode were interviewed by a trained diagnostic rater who administered semi-structured interviews including the DSM-5 Mixed Features Specifier Interview (DMSI).

Blood-based DNA methylation and exposure risk scores predict PTSD with high accuracy in military and civilian cohorts.

Background: Incorporating genomic data into risk prediction has become an increasingly useful approach for rapid identification of individuals most at risk for complex disorders such as PTSD. Our goal was to develop and validate Methylation Risk Scores (MRS) using machine learning to distinguish individuals who have PTSD from those who do not.

Methods: Elastic Net was used to develop three risk score models using a discovery dataset (n = 1226; 314 cases, 912 controls) comprised of 5 diverse cohorts with available blood-derived DNA methylation (DNAm) measured on the Illumina Epic BeadChip.

DETOUR2 trial outcomes demonstrate clinical utility of percutaneous transmural bypass for the treatment of long segment, complex femoropopliteal disease.

Objective: Percutaneous transmural arterial bypass (PTAB) using the DETOUR system aims to create a percutaneous, endovascular femoropopliteal bypass for the treatment of long segment, complex superficial femoral and proximal popliteal artery disease. The goal of the DETOUR2 study is to investigate the safety and effectiveness of the therapy in comparison with pre-established performance goals.

Methods: The DETOUR2 investigational device exemption study is a prospective, single-arm, multicenter, international trial of symptomatic peripheral arterial disease patients (Rutherford classes 3-5) undergoing the DETOUR procedure for long segment (>20 cm) superficial femoral artery disease.

Antithrombotic Treatment for Stroke Prevention in Cervical Artery Dissection: The STOP-CAD Study.

Background: Small, randomized trials of patients with cervical artery dissection showed conflicting results regarding optimal stroke prevention strategies. We aimed to compare outcomes in patients with cervical artery dissection treated with antiplatelets versus anticoagulation.

Methods: This is a multicenter observational retrospective international study (16 countries, 63 sites) that included patients with cervical artery dissection without major trauma.

Perspectives on unhealthy alcohol use among men who have sex with men prescribed HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: A qualitative study.

Unhealthy alcohol use is a common, often unaddressed behavior associated with increased risk for acquisition of HIV and may also be associated with decreased adherence to oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) living in the United States. To inform future alcohol-reduction interventions among individuals engaging in PrEP care, we sought to explore perspectives on alcohol use, PrEP adherence, and the acceptability of alcohol use treatment options for MSM prescribed oral formulations of PrEP in the Northeastern United States. Between February 2019 and July 2020, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 MSM without HIV who were prescribed PrEP and screened positive for unhealthy alcohol use with AUDIT-C ≥ 4 and were receiving care in Providence, Rhode Island or New Haven, Connecticut.

Treating pain in patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome : Multidisciplinary management of a multisystemic disease.

Background: The clinical picture of people with Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) is complex and involves a variety of potential causes of pain. This poses major challenges to patients and healthcare professionals alike in terms of diagnosis and management of the condition.

Objectives: The aim of the article was to provide an overview of the specific pain management needs of patients with EDS and address their background.

Going to the Source: Discussions With Early and Mid-Career Faculty From Groups Underrepresented in Biomedical Research to Develop and Enhance CFAR Services.

Background: To include, sustain, and retain HIV-focused early career faculty from groups historically excluded from biomedical research, the Providence/Boston Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) conducted focus groups and individual interviews with early and mid-career faculty to discern their needs.

Methods: We conducted focus groups and interviews with 15 faculty at institutions affiliated with Providence/Boston CFAR from groups underrepresented in biomedical research. The discussion was guided using the domains of an Asset Bundle Model encompassing scientific human capital, social capital, and financial capital.

Biomarkers in Sepsis: A Current Review of New Technologies.

Sepsis syndromes have been recognized since antiquity yet still pose significant challenges to modern medicine. One of the biggest challenges lies in the heterogeneity of triggers and its protean clinical manifestations, as well as its rapidly progressive and lethal nature. Thus, there is a critical need for biomarkers that can quickly and accurately detect sepsis onset and predict treatment response.

Identifying the DSM-5 mixed features specifier in depressed patients: A comparison of measures.

Background: A commonly used measure to assess mixed features in depressed patients is the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), which only partially aligns with the DSM-5 criteria. Different algorithms on the YMRS have been used to approximate the DSM-5 mixed features criteria. In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project, we examined the agreement and validity of different approaches towards assessing the mixed features specifier.