Maternal Stress and Child Outcomes: Evidence from Siblings.

We study how maternal stress affects offspring outcomes. We find that in-utero exposure to elevated levels of the stress hormone cortisol negatively affects offspring cognition, health and educational attainment. These findings are based on comparisons between siblings which limits variation to short-lived shocks and controls for unobserved differences between mothers that could bias estimates.

Improving first responders' psychogenic nonepileptic seizures diagnosis accuracy: Development and validation of a 6-item bedside diagnostic tool.

Objective: Epileptic seizures (ES) are often seen as a medical emergency, and their immediate and accurate recognition are pivotal in providing acute care. However, a number of clinical situations may mimic ES, potentially leading to misdiagnosis at the emergency room and to inappropriate prescription of antiepileptic drugs (AED) in the acute and chronic settings. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) play a major role in this scenario and often delay the correct diagnosis and increase treatment morbidity and cost.

Five-Year Safety and Satisfaction Study of PMMA-Collagen in the Correction of Nasolabial Folds.

Background: A polymethylmethacrylate-collagen filler is generally believed to give long-term benefits, but the risk of granuloma formation over time remains unclear.

Objective: To determine the incidence of granuloma formation and response to treatment and assess the degree of patient satisfaction over 5 years.

Materials And Methods: Adults seeking correction of nasolabial folds underwent up to 3 injection sessions over 2 months.

Critical Care Beds and Resource Utilization: Current Trends and Controversies.

Recent studies have shown a dramatic increase in the number of intensive care unit (ICU) beds in recent decades. As technologies have become more complex, ICUs continue to grow in size and in specialization. The driving forces behind ICU bed expansion include not only the incorporation of advanced technologies but also other factors such as the increased utilization of ICU beds for patients who previously were not offered ICU care--those who may be terminally ill and those who are not critically ill.

OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER: EVIDENCE FOR TWO DIMENSIONS.

Background: To determine possible dimensions that underlie obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and to investigate their clinical correlates, familiality, and genetic linkage.

Methods: Participants were selected from 844 adults assessed with the Structured Instrument for the Diagnosis of DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SIDP) in the OCD Collaborative Genetics Study (OCGS) that targeted families with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affected sibling pairs. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis, which included the eight SIDP-derived DSM-IV OCPD traits and the indecision trait from the DSM-III, assessed clinical correlates, and estimated sib-sib correlations to evaluate familiality of the factors.

Inclusion/exclusion criteria in placebo-controlled studies of vortioxetine: Comparison to other antidepressants and implications for product labeling.

Background: We recently conducted a comprehensive review of the psychiatric inclusion/exclusion criteria used in 170 placebo-controlled antidepressant efficacy trials (AETs) published during the past 20 years and found that the criteria of more recent studies were significantly more restrictive than prior studies. Vortioxetine is the most recently approved medication for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). We compared the inclusion/exclusion criteria of the vortioxetine studies to the criteria used in other AETs, and discuss the broader issue of the generalizability of AETs and the implications this might have for the labeling of antidepressants receiving FDA approval.

Examination of the Consistency in Affective Response to Acute Exercise in Overweight and Obese Women.

This study examined whether inactive, overweight/obese women experience consistent affective responses to moderate-intensity exercise. Twenty-eight women participated in 3 identical (same treadmill grade and speed within a subject) 30-min exercise sessions. The Feeling Scale (FS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Subjective Exercise Experience Scale were administered pre- and postexercise and FS was also administered every 5 min during exercise.

A preliminary investigation into whether early intervention can improve weight loss among those initially non-responsive to an internet-based behavioral program.

This study examined whether providing additional support to individuals with poor initial weight loss improves 12-week outcomes. Participants were randomized to a 12-week internet-delivered behavioral weight loss program (IBWL; n = 50) or the identical internet program plus the possibility of extra support (IBWL + ES; n = 50). IBWL + ES participants losing <2.

Alterations in Anatomical Covariance in the Prematurely Born.

Preterm (PT) birth results in long-term alterations in functional and structural connectivity, but the related changes in anatomical covariance are just beginning to be explored. To test the hypothesis that PT birth alters patterns of anatomical covariance, we investigated brain volumes of 25 PTs and 22 terms at young adulthood using magnetic resonance imaging. Using regional volumetrics, seed-based analyses, and whole brain graphs, we show that PT birth is associated with reduced volume in bilateral temporal and inferior frontal lobes, left caudate, left fusiform, and posterior cingulate for prematurely born subjects at young adulthood.

Targeting Prodromal Alzheimer Disease With Avagacestat: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Early identification of Alzheimer disease (AD) is important for clinical management and affords the opportunity to assess potential disease-modifying agents in clinical trials. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a randomized trial to prospectively enrich a study population with prodromal AD (PDAD) defined by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker criteria and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) symptoms.

Objectives: To assess the safety of the γ-secretase inhibitor avagacestat in PDAD and to determine whether CSF biomarkers can identify this patient population prior to clinical diagnosis of dementia.

RAGE siRNA-mediated gene silencing provides cardioprotection against ventricular arrhythmias in acute ischemia and reperfusion.

Expression of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is suggested to play a crucial role in mediating cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, and the blockade of RAGE signaling has been considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of IR-induced cardiac damage. In this study, we primarily investigated the effects of RAGE suppression particularly on IR-induced ventricular arrhythmia. To inhibit the IR-induced upregulation of RAGE, siRNA targeting RAGE (siRAGE) was delivered to myocardium by using deoxycholic acid-modified polyethylenimine (PEI-DA) as a non-viral gene carrier.

The role of avoidance-based coping in the psychosocial functioning of weight loss treatment-seeking adults.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the role of avoidance-based coping in the psychosocial functioning of weight loss treatment-seeking persons with obesity who report high internal disinhibition.

Methods: Participants were 162 overweight or obese adults entering a behavioural weight loss intervention programme who reported high internal disinhibition at screening. We conducted multivariate regression analyses by using mental and physical quality of life and satisfaction with relationships as dependent variables and examining the association of demographic variables, experiential avoidance (avoidance-based coping) and symptoms of depression.

Depressed Adolescents' Pupillary Response to Peer Acceptance and Rejection: The Role of Rumination.

Heightened emotional reactivity to peer feedback is predictive of adolescents' depression risk. Examining variation in emotional reactivity within currently depressed adolescents may identify subgroups that struggle the most with these daily interactions. We tested whether trait rumination, which amplifies emotional reactions, explained variance in depressed adolescents' physiological reactivity to peer feedback, hypothesizing that rumination would be associated with greater pupillary response to peer rejection and diminished response to peer acceptance.

Weight change in the first 2 months of a lifestyle intervention predicts weight changes 8 years later.

Objective: Examine the relationship between 1- and 2-month weight loss (WL) and 8-year WL among participants enrolled in a lifestyle intervention.

Methods: 2,290 Look AHEAD participants (BMI: 35.65 ± 5.

Idarucizumab for Dabigatran Reversal.

Background: Specific reversal agents for non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants are lacking. Idarucizumab, an antibody fragment, was developed to reverse the anticoagulant effects of dabigatran.

Methods: We undertook this prospective cohort study to determine the safety of 5 g of intravenous idarucizumab and its capacity to reverse the anticoagulant effects of dabigatran in patients who had serious bleeding (group A) or required an urgent procedure (group B).

Weight loss intervention for individuals with high internal disinhibition: design of the Acceptance Based Behavioral Intervention (ABBI) randomized controlled trial.

Background: Obesity is public health problem associated with significant health risks and healthcare costs. Behavioral weight control programs produce clinically meaningful weight losses, however outcomes have high variability and maintenance continues to be a problem. The current study is an NIH-funded randomized clinical trial testing a novel approach, Acceptance-Based Behavioral Intervention (ABBI), that combines techniques from standard behavioral treatment (SBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).

Examination of whether early weight loss predicts 1-year weight loss among those enrolled in an Internet-based weight loss program.

One-month weight loss (WL) predicts posttreatment WL in face-to-face interventions; however, whether this holds true within Internet programs is unknown. This study examined whether 4-week WL predicts WL following a 12-week Internet program and at 6 and 12 months follow-up. A total of 181 participants (body mass index=33.

Healthy eating index and metabolically healthy obesity in U.S. adolescents and adults.

Objective: To determine whether dietary quality differs between metabolically-healthy-obese (MHO) and metabolically-abnormal-obesity (MAO) in a nationally representative sample.

Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data (2007-2008; 2009-2010) were used to identify obese adolescents (≥95th body mass index (BMI) %tile) and adults (≥30kg/m(2)). MHO was defined as <2 abnormal cardiometabolic risk factors (elevated blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); or on medications).

Fathers and Asthma Care: Paternal Involvement, Beliefs, and Management Skills.

Objective: To compare asthma care roles of maternal and paternal caregivers, and examine associations between caregiver involvement and the outcomes of adherence, morbidity, and parental quality of life (QoL).

Methods: Mothers and fathers in 63 families of children, ages 5-9 years, with persistent asthma completed semistructured interviews and questionnaires. Adherence was measured via electronic monitoring.

Psychosocial morbidity associated with bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder in psychiatric out-patients: comparative study.

Background: The morbidity associated with bipolar disorder is, in part, responsible for repeated calls for improved detection and recognition. No such commentary exists for the improved detection of borderline personality disorder. Clinical experience suggests that it is as disabling as bipolar disorder, but no study has directly compared the two disorders.

Improving the Recognition of Borderline Personality Disorder in a Bipolar World.

Both bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are serious mental health disorders resulting in significant psychosocial morbidity, reduced health-related quality of life, and excess mortality. Yet research on BPD has received much less funding from the National Institute of Health (NIH) than has bipolar disorder during the past 25 years. Why hasn't the level of NIH research funding for BPD been commensurate with the level of psychosocial morbidity, mortality, and health expenditures associated with the disorder? In the present article, the author illustrates how the bipolar disorder research community has done a superior job of "marketing" their disorder.

Whole-genome association analysis of treatment response in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Up to 30% of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibit an inadequate response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs). To date, genetic predictors of OCD treatment response have not been systematically investigated using genome-wide association study (GWAS). To identify specific genetic variations potentially influencing SRI response, we conducted a GWAS study in 804 OCD patients with information on SRI response.

National trends in utilization and in-hospital outcomes of mechanical versus bioprosthetic aortic valve replacements.

Objective: Substantial controversy surrounds the choice between a mechanical versus bioprosthetic prosthesis for aortic valve replacement (AVR), based on age. This study aims to investigate national trends and in-hospital outcomes of the 2 prosthesis choices.

Methods: All patients aged >18 years in the National Inpatient Sample who received an AVR between 1998 and 2011 were considered.