Clinically useful screen for borderline personality disorder in psychiatric out-patients.

A total of 3674 psychiatric out-patients were evaluated with a semi-structured diagnostic interview for DSM-IV borderline personality disorder (BPD). The affective instability criterion had a sensitivity of 92.8%, higher than the sensitivities of the other eight BPD criteria.

Acute deep brain stimulation changes in regional cerebral blood flow in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

OBJECTIVE Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a reversible, nonlesion-based treatment for patients with intractable obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The first studies on DBS for OCD stimulating the ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS) yielded encouraging results for this neuroanatomical site's therapeutic efficacy. This investigation was conducted to better understand which regions of the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical network were acutely affected by VC/VS DBS for OCD.

Differences between Men and Women Enrolling in Smoking Cessation Programs Using Yoga as a Complementary Therapy.

This study compares the characteristics of men and women, respectively, participating in two randomized controlled pilot studies whose primary aims were to test the feasibility of yoga as a complementary therapy for smoking cessation. Participants were aged 18-65, generally healthy and were daily smokers. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests examined gender differences in smoking rate, potential treatment mediators, and covariates (e.

Enoxaparin-induced hepatotoxicity: an under-recognised complication of enoxaparin therapy.

Low-molecular-weight heparins including enoxaparin are commonly used for anticoagulation as prophylaxis and treatment for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Prescribers of enoxaparin monitor for common side effects, such as bleeding and thrombocytopenia, but hepatotoxicity, a less common and under-reported adverse effect, may be overlooked. This report describes a case of enoxaparin-induced hepatotoxicity in a 57-year-old man who was started on the drug for a DVT.

Defining small vessels and bioresorbable vascular scaffold outcomes.

Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) are non-inferior to second generation drug eluting stents (DES) but thrombosis rates for BVS in small vesseles is a concern. The BVS-SAVE registry of small vesseles (<2.75 mm) supports safety and efficacy of BVS in this high risk lesion subset.

The DIAN-TU Next Generation Alzheimer's prevention trial: Adaptive design and disease progression model.

Introduction: The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Trials Unit (DIAN-TU) trial is an adaptive platform trial testing multiple drugs to slow or prevent the progression of Alzheimer's disease in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) families. With completion of enrollment of the first two drug arms, the DIAN-TU now plans to add new drugs to the platform, designated as the Next Generation (NexGen) prevention trial.

Methods: In collaboration with ADAD families, philanthropic organizations, academic leaders, the DIAN-TU Pharma Consortium, the National Institutes of Health, and regulatory colleagues, the DIAN-TU developed innovative clinical study designs for the DIAN-TU NexGen prevention trial.

Inclusion/exclusion criteria in late life depression antidepressant efficacy trials.

Objective: The generalizability of antidepressant efficacy trials (AETs) has been questioned. No studies have examined the inclusion/exclusion criteria used in placebo-controlled studies of late life depression and compared them to the criteria used in non-late life AETs.

Method: We conducted a comprehensive literature review of placebo-controlled AETs published from January, 1995 through December, 2014.

The Psychiatric Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria in Placebo-Controlled Monotherapy Trials of Bipolar Depression: An Analysis of Studies of the Past 20 Years.

Background: Concerns about the generalizability of pharmacotherapy efficacy trials to "real-world" patients have been raised for more than 40 years. Almost all of this literature has focused on treatment studies of major depressive disorder (MDD).

Objective: The aim of the study was to review the psychiatric inclusion and exclusion criteria used in placebo-controlled trials that assessed the efficacy of medications for bipolar depression (bipolar disorder efficacy trials [BDETs]) and compare the criteria used in BDETs with those used in efficacy trials of antidepressants to treat MDD (antidepressant efficacy trials [AETs]).

ADHD and executive functioning deficits in OCD youths who hoard.

Hoarding is common among youth with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), with up to 26% of OCD youth exhibiting hoarding symptoms. Recent evidence from adult hoarding and OCD cohorts suggests that hoarding symptoms are associated with executive functioning deficits similar to those observed in subjects with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, while hoarding behavior often onsets during childhood, there is little information about executive function deficits and ADHD in affected children and adolescents.

Feasibility and challenges of inpatient psychotherapy for psychosis: lessons learned from a veterans health administration pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: In large health care systems, decision regarding broad implementation of psychotherapies for inpatients with psychosis require substantial evidence regarding effectiveness and feasibility for implementation. It is important to recognize challenges in conducting research to inform such decisions, including difficulties in obtaining consent from and engaging inpatients with psychosis in research. We set out to conduct a feasibility and effectiveness Hybrid Type I pilot randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and a semi-formative evaluation of barriers and facilitators to implementation.

Four-Year Physical Activity Levels among Intervention Participants with Type 2 Diabetes.

Unlabelled: Physical activity (PA) has numerous health benefits, particularly for those with diabetes. However, rates of long-term PA participation are often poor.

Purpose: This study examined the effect of an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) on objectively assessed PA for a 4-yr period among older adults with type 2 diabetes.

A text message intervention for alcohol risk reduction among community college students: TMAP.

Background: Students at community colleges comprise nearly half of all U.S. college students and show higher risk of heavy drinking and related consequences compared to students at 4-year colleges, but no alcohol safety programs currently target this population.

Remote ischemic preconditioning in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery: Evidence from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been associated with reduced risk of myocardial injury in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, but uncertainty about clinical outcomes remains, particularly in the light of 2 recent large randomized clinical trials (RCTs) which were neutral. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of RIPC on clinically relevant outcomes in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, EBSCO, Web of Science and CINAHL databases from inception through November 30, 2015.

Effects of Chondroitinase ABC-Mediated Proteoglycan Digestion on Decellularization and Recellularization of Articular Cartilage.

Articular cartilage has a limited capacity to heal itself and thus focal defects often result in the development of osteoarthritis. Current cartilage tissue engineering strategies seek to regenerate injured tissue by creating scaffolds that aim to mimic the unique structure and composition of native articular cartilage. Decellularization is a novel strategy that aims to preserve the bioactive factors and 3D biophysical environment of the native extracellular matrix while removing potentially immunogenic factors.

Myocardial salvage and mortality in STEMI: A race against ischemic time.

Total ischemic time (IT) and door-to-balloon time (DBT) are two important measures in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). IT is a better predictor of cardiovascular outcomes than DTB, including infarct size and mortality, in STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. IT should be adopted as a standard metric to measure quality of care in STEMI, and will help to promote improvements to our health care delivery system.

A National Study of Live Hospice Discharges between 2000 and 2012.

Background: Live hospice discharges represent a potential vulnerability in the Medicare hospice benefit. Little is known about how live discharges have varied over time.

Objective: To identify trends in live hospice discharges between 2000 and 2012.

Work It Out Together: Preliminary Efficacy of a Parent and Adolescent DVD and Workbook Intervention on Adolescent Sexual and Substance Use Attitudes and Parenting Behaviors.

The purpose of the current study was to test an interactive DVD and workbook specifically designed for African-American parents and adolescents (ages 13-18), based on an efficacious face-to-face intervention, to address key factors associated with risk. A total of 170 parent-adolescent dyads were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either the "Work It Out Together" DVD or a General Health Promotion DVD (HP). Parents and adolescents completed measures of HIV knowledge, self-efficacy, and parenting behaviors.

Functional magnetic resonance connectivity studies in infants born preterm: suggestions of proximate and long-lasting changes in language organization.

Sophisticated neuroimaging strategies demonstrate alterations in functional connectivity at school age, adolescence, and young adulthood in individuals born preterm. Recent data suggest these alterations are present in the postnatal period prior to term-equivalent age in neonates born preterm. Likewise, functional organization increases across development, but the influence of preterm birth on this fundamental infrastructure is immediate and unchanging.

Variability in the substance use disorder exclusion criterion in antidepressant efficacy trials.

Background: Substance use disorders are the most commonly excluded psychiatric disorder in antidepressant efficacy trials (AETs). In a recent review of AETs we noticed variability in the definition of the substance use disorder exclusion criterion. In the present report we examined in greater detail the variability in defining the substance use disorder exclusion criterion, the potential impact of this variability on excluding patients from an AET, and whether the definition of the criterion has changed in the past 20 years.

Cognitive reserve moderates the relationship between neuropsychological performance and white matter fiber bundle length in healthy older adults.

Recent work using novel neuroimaging methods has revealed shorter white matter fiber bundle length (FBL) in older compared to younger adults. Shorter FBL also corresponds to poorer performance on cognitive measures sensitive to advanced age. However, it is unclear if individual factors such as cognitive reserve (CR) effectively moderate the relationship between FBL and cognitive performance.

Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis improved with fractional 1927-nm laser treatments.

Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is an inherited disorder of keratinization readily diagnosed through clinical and histologic examination. While generally benign in nature, the lesions can have profound psychosocial implications for patients. Although no cure exists, a number of treatment modalities, from topical medications to laser and light devices, have been reported with variable success.

Problems in the Descriptions of the Psychiatric Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria in Publications of Antidepressant Efficacy Trials: A Qualitative Review and Recommendations for Improved Clarity.

We recently conducted a comprehensive review of the psychiatric inclusion and exclusion criteria used in 170 placebo-controlled antidepressant efficacy trials (AETs) that were published between 1995 and 2014. In conducting this literature review, we identified a number of instances in which the descriptions of the inclusion/exclusion criteria were vague, redundant, or difficult to interpret. In the present article, we describe nine problems we encountered in our literature review.