Outcomes of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in HIV patients.

Background: Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) tube insertion, a routine procedure for long-term enteral nutrition, serves as a crucial intervention for patients who are incapable of tolerating oral intake or meeting adequate nutritional requirements. PEG tube placement carries complications like bleeding and infection. Impact of PEG tubes on the 30-day and long-term mortality in HIV patients is unknown.

Clinical markers in heart failure: a narrative review.

Heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome that is one of the causes of high mortality worldwide. Additionally, healthcare systems around the world are also being burdened by the aging population and subsequently, increasing estimates of patients with heart failure. As a result, it is crucial to determine novel ways to reduce the healthcare costs, rate of hospitalizations and mortality.

Black Esophagus: A Rare Case of Acute Esophageal Necrosis.

Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN) also known as necrotizing esophagitis or black esophagus is an extremely rare cause of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. This condition is considerably rare, and the exact pathophysiology of the development of AEN is still unclear. There is consensus that it is caused by a combination of esophageal mucosal injury due to gastric acid and ischemic injury due to vascular compromise.

Hiccups: Nerve Irritation or Masquerading as Acute Coronary Syndrome.

The typical clinical presentation of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) includes chest pain that may radiate to the left arm, shoulder, jaw, and neck, accompanied by diaphoresis, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, and hiccups, which have been observed as the sole symptom of presentation. The mechanism of hiccups involves the activation of the vagus and phrenic nerves, leading to the activation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Several hypotheses link hiccups to ACS, associating irritation of the left anterior descending artery with activation of sympathetic phrenic and vagal nerves.

Hospitalization Trends and Outcomes of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in the United States: A Decade-Long Nationwide Analysis.

Background Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic antigen-mediated esophageal disease characterized by infiltration of the esophageal mucosa by eosinophils. The prevalence of EoE continues to rise worldwide. However, certain aspects of the epidemiology and pathogenesis remain unclear.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes Among Travelers With Severe Dengue : A GeoSentinel Analysis.

Background: Dengue virus is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes and is an important cause of illness worldwide. Data on the severity of travel-associated dengue illness are limited.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes among international travelers with severe dengue or dengue with warning signs as defined by the 2009 World Health Organization classification (that is, complicated dengue).

Novel Therapies for Celiac Disease: A Clinical Review Article.

Celiac disease is emerging as an autoimmune disorder with increasing prevalence and incidence. The mean age of presentation is also increasing with the passage of time. The delay in diagnosis is partly attributable to the asymptomatic state in which most patients present.

Corrigendum: D-dimer trends elaborate the heterogeneity of risk in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multi-national case series from different waves.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.

Dynamic Changes of EKG by Severe Hyperkalemia: Transient Left Bundle Branch Block.

Hyperkalemia is one of the most common electrolyte abnormalities seen in clinical practice and the most common life-threatening electrolyte abnormality seen in the emergency department. It is most often due to impaired renal potassium excretion due to acute on chronic kidney disease or the use of drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis. The most common clinical presentation is muscle weakness and cardiac conduction abnormalities.

Rare renal embolic manifestation of left atrial myxoma: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: A complete occlusion of the renal artery due to atrial myxoma is a rare occurrence.

Case Presentation: Here we present a case of a completely occluded left renal artery caused by atrial myxoma emboli that presented with a 14-hour history of sudden onset sharp left flank pain radiating to the left lower quadrant of the abdomen, nausea, with preserved kidney function. Revascularization is unlikely to benefit the patient because it has been more than 6 h since the onset of ischemia.

D-dimer trends elaborate the heterogeneity of risk in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multi-national case series from different waves.

Introduction: Variable D-dimer trends during hospitalization reportedly result in distinct in-hospital mortality. In this multinational case series from the first and second waves, we show the universality of such D-dimer trends.

Methods: We reviewed 405 patients with COVID-19 during the first wave admitted to three institutions in the United States, Italy, and Colombia, and 111 patients admitted to the U.

A patient with spontaneous bilateral renal vein thrombosis but no risk factors.

Introduction And Importance: Spontaneous bilateral renal vein thrombosis is a rare condition, especially when the patient has no risk factors.

Case Presentation: In this report, we describe a patient with bilateral renal vein thrombosis who presented with severe flank pain, renal functions remained normal, and the thrombus resolved completely with anticoagulation. There is no history of hypercoagulable condition in our patient.

Pre-workout Induced Demand Ischemia.

Pre-workout supplement use has increased in recent years. Multiple side effects and off-labeled substances have been reported. We report a case of a 35-year-old patient who recently started a pre-workout and was found to have sinus tachycardia, elevated troponin, and subclinical hyperthyroidism.

COVID-19 therapy and vaccination: a clinical narrative review.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the most globally impacting health issue our world has faced over the last century. As of January 7, 2022, around 300 million cases have been reported worldwide, with over 5 million deaths. The SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a hyperactive host immune response leading to an excessive inflammatory reaction with the release of many cytokines - cytokine storm - commonly noticed in acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis and fulminant multiorgan failure.

Association between right ventricular dysfunction and in-hospital mortality in surges of SARS-CoV-2 infection attributed to the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants.

Background: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in acute COVID-19 was reported to be associated with poor prognosis We studied the association between parameters of RV dysfunction and in-hospital mortality during the surges caused by different SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Methods: In a retrospective single-center study, we enrolled 648 consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19 [66 (10 %) hospitalized during the alpha variant surge, 433 (67 %) during the delta variant surge, and 149 (23 %), during the omicron variant surge]. Patients were reported from a hospital with an underreported population of mostly African American and Hispanic patients.

Wave separation analysis-derived indexes obtained from radial and carotid tonometry in healthy pregnancy and pregnancy-associated hypertension: Comparison with pulse wave analysis-derived indexes.

Background: Increased wave reflections assessed by pulse wave analysis (PWA) was proposed as one of the potential culprits of hypertension seen in women with pregnancy-associated hypertension (PAH). However, this statement has never been confirmed with "Wave Separation Analysis" (WSA), a more sophisticated mathematical approach that analyzes the amplitude and interaction between forward and backward aortic pressure waveform components.

Objective: To characterize potential changes in pressure wave components of PAH compared to healthy non-pregnant (NP) women and women with normal pregnancies (HP) by using WSA and compared these findings with PWA-derived indexes; secondarily, to evaluate differences in WSA-derived indexes between subgroups of PAH (i.

A Case of Severe Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Successfully Treated With High Dose Steroids and Ganciclovir.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hematological disorder characterized by immune dysregulation with multiple organ involvement and carries a poor prognosis. The occurrence of HLH can be familial or sporadic, which is triggered by causes like infection or malignancy. This case report is about a 47-year-old male who presented to the hospital with a fever, chills, night sweats, and unintentional weight loss.

Tissue Doppler derived biphasic velocities during the pre and post-ejection phases: patterns, concordance and hemodynamic significance in health and disease.

Background: Pre-(PRE) and post-ejection (POE) velocities by mitral annular tissue Doppler (TD) are biphasic and may be related to myocardial deformations. We investigated the predominance and concordance of TD-PRE and POE velocities and their effect on myocardial functions in controls and in heart failure (HF) patients.

Methods: Retrospectively, 84 HF patients [57.

Anomalous Origin of the Right Coronary Artery: An Uncommon Presentation.

The anomalous origin of the coronary artery is a relatively uncommon condition with a variant incidence depending on the modality of the imaging techniques such as transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), or invasive coronary angiography (ICA). The importance of diagnosing ectopic coronary artery origin comes from its possible relation to sudden cardiac death (SCD) cases in young populations. The anomalous origin of the coronary artery could cause myocardial ischemia and fibrosis; this would, in turn, increase the chances of fatal ventricular arrhythmias.

Bovine Aortic Arch, A High-Risk Variant.

The bovine aortic arch is a vascular variant related to an increased incidence of vascular and neurological complications. It should be ruled out in patients with vague neurological symptoms without a clear etiology. Our case is of a 72-year-old female patient who presented with a syncopal episode; the workup incidentally showed the aortic arch bovine variant with evidence of ischemic white matter disease more than expected for age.

Efficacy and toxicity of surufatinib in neuroendocrine tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The incidence and prevalence of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) has increased in the US in recent decades. These are well-vascularized tumors, but no antiangiogenic drug has been approved for treatment of extra-pancreatic NENs. The aim is to assess efficacy and safety of surufatinib in pancreatic and extra-pancreatic NETs.