Hominin presence in Eurasia by at least 1.95 million years ago.

The timing of the initial dispersal of hominins into Eurasia is unclear. Current evidence indicates hominins were present at Dmanisi, Georgia by 1.8 million years ago (Ma), but other ephemeral traces of hominins across Eurasia predate Dmanisi.

Exploring Physical Activity Among Mexican American Immigrants in New York City Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Two-Wave Panel, Mixed-Method Analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with decreases in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and increases in sedentary time for children and adults, and there is some evidence that Latino populations were particularly affected. This article leverages a two-wave panel, mixed-method social network dataset collected before and during the pandemic with Mexican American immigrants living in New York City to examine social networks and other factors associated with physical activity and explore participants' perceptions about how the pandemic affected their physical activity. Participants (n = 49) completed in-person, egocentric social network interviews between January and June 2019 and virtual follow-up egocentric social network interviews between May and November 2021.

Health disparities among incarcerated populations: a crucial laboratory and pathology review.

Background: The United States notoriously has one of the highest rates of incarceration in the world, yet scant attention to the health care needs of those incarcerated exists within laboratory medicine and pathology training and education. This article explores health disparities among incarcerated and released individuals regarding diagnostic laboratory testing and pathology services.

Methods: A literature search was conducted for articles published between 2002 and 2023 using keywords including "healthcare," "incarcerated," "laboratory services," "pathology services," and "health insurance for prisoners.

ALYREF/THOC4 expression and cell growth modulation in retinoblastoma.

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that ALYREF/THOC4, a poor prognostic factor in different cancer types, has potential as a drug target and prognostic biomarker for retinoblastoma (RB). Immunostaining (IHC), Western blot, and RT-qPCR analyses detected overexpression of ALYREF in the RB cell lines Y79, RB143, WERI-RB1, and RB116. IHC analysis on RB tumor array showed that 11/14 of RB tumors were ALYREF+ to varying degrees, with eight tumors at maximum 3+ intensity.

Do black women's lives matter? A study of the hidden impact of the barriers to access maternal healthcare for migrant women in South Africa.

Background: Studies on the barriers migrant women face when trying to access healthcare services in South Africa have emphasized economic factors, fear of deportation, lack of documentation, language barriers, xenophobia, and discrimination in society and in healthcare institutions as factors explaining migrants' reluctance to seek healthcare. Our study aims to visualize some of the outcome effects of these barriers by analyzing data on maternal death and comparing the local population and black African migrant women from the South African Development Countries (SADC) living in South Africa. The heightened maternal mortality of black migrant women in South Africa can be associated with the hidden costs of barriers migrants face, including xenophobic attitudes experienced at public healthcare institutions.

From skeletons to screens: Transforming pedagogy in the age of remote learning.

This Educational Perspective explores the challenges and opportunities in Radiologic Technology education, focusing on the impact of active learning strategies and technological tools in enhancing asynchronous learning experiences. Radiologic Technology, a field reliant on hands-on experience and practical application, faced significant disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitating a shift towards remote learning modalities. The Educational Perspective synthesizes the literature on the self-relevance effect, scaffolding, active learning, and metacognitive strategies to elucidate their role in promoting student engagement and success.

Fluoroscopy history, evolution, and technological advancements: A narrative review.

Background: This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the history and evolution of fluoroscopy. The review examines the historical development of the technology, the technological advancements that have occurred over time, and the current applications of the technology in modern medicine. The review also identifies future considerations for the use of fluoroscopy in clinical practice.

"If the college adjusted the prices…": comparing food secure and insecure college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

We examined how students' food insecurity related to their demographic information, academic experiences, use of food programs, and reflections on food during the COVID-19 pandemic. 246 NYC undergraduates during the first 9 months of the pandemic. Students reported on food insecurity (eg, USDA's 10-item AFSSM), household income, impact of food insecurity on academics, GPA, and use of food programs.

OGDH and Bcl-xL loss causes synthetic lethality in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains an incurable disease, requiring more effective therapies. Through interrogation of publicly available CRISPR and RNAi library screens, we identified the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) gene, which encodes an enzyme that is part of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, as essential for GBM growth. Moreover, by combining transcriptome and metabolite screening analyses, we discovered that loss of function of OGDH by the clinically validated drug compound CPI-613 was synthetically lethal with Bcl-xL inhibition (genetically and through the clinically validated BH3 mimetic, ABT263) in patient-derived xenografts as well neurosphere GBM cultures.

Vulnerability or Resiliency? A Two-Wave Panel Analysis of Social Network Factors Associated with Glycemic Levels among Mexican Immigrants in the Bronx, NYC, Before and During COVID-19.

Latinos have high rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) yet are characterized as having health-promoting social networks. The impacts of COVID-19 on personal networks were complex, especially in urban areas with high proportion of immigrants such as the Bronx in NYC. Our objective was to test the extent to which network characteristics increase vulnerability or resiliency for glycemic control based on data gathered from Mexican-origin Bronx dwellers.

"No sufro, estoy bien/I am not suffering, so I am doing OK": A mixed method exploration of individual and network-level factors and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) among Mexican American adults in New York City.

Introduction: The prevalence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is 2-3 times greater among Mexican Americans than non-Latino whites, and Mexican Americans are more likely to develop T2DM at younger ages and experience higher rates of complications. Social networks might play a crucial role in both T2DM etiology and management through social support, access to resources, social engagement, and health behavioral norms.

Objective: To quantitatively identify the social network features associated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in a community sample of Mexican immigrants residing in New York City, and to explore the extent to which these quantitative findings converge with qualitative narratives of their lived experiences.

Connecting thiamine availability to the microbial community composition in Chinook salmon spawning habitats of the Sacramento River basin.

Thiamine deficiency complex (TDC) is a major emerging threat to global populations of culturally and economically important populations of salmonids. Salmonid eggs and embryos can assimilate exogenous thiamine, and evidence suggests that microbial communities in benthic environments can produce substantial amounts of thiamine. We therefore hypothesize that natural dissolved pools of thiamine exist in the surface water and hyporheic zones of riverine habitats where salmonids with TDC migrate, spawn, and begin their lives.

The impact of the air pollution on health in New York City.

New York City is attempting to find a solution to an issue that many states and cities face: how to minimize air pollution so that it has fewer negative impacts on human health. Despite having the highest population in the United States (US), New York City typically has reasonably clean air. As the City and State of New York have worked to reduce emissions from local and regional sources, the air quality in New York City has improved during the past few decades.

Checkpoint kinase 2 controls insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis.

After the discovery of insulin, a century ago, extensive work has been done to unravel the molecular network regulating insulin secretion. Here we performed a chemical screen and identified AZD7762, a compound that potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) of a human β cell line, healthy and type 2 diabetic (T2D) human islets and primary cynomolgus macaque islets. In vivo studies in diabetic mouse models and cynomolgus macaques demonstrated that AZD7762 enhances GSIS and improves glucose tolerance.

Insights into the molecular roles of FOXR2 in the pathology of primary pediatric brain tumors.

Forkhead box gene R2 (FOXR2) belongs to the family of FOX genes which codes for highly conserved transcription factors (TFs) with critical roles in biological processes ranging from development to organogenesis to metabolic and immune regulation to cellular homeostasis. A number of FOX genes are associated with cancer development and progression and poor prognosis. A growing body of evidence suggests that FOXR2 is an oncogene.

Household Food Security and Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages among New York City (NYC) Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 2017 NYC Kids' Data.

Food insecurity is a stressor associated with adverse health outcomes, including the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Our study tests the hypothesis that other socioeconomic vulnerabilities may magnify this effect using cross-sectional data from the 2017 New York City (NYC) Kids Survey. Households providing an affirmative response to one or both food security screener questions developed by the US Department of Agriculture were coded as households with low food security.

The Genomics Education Partnership: First findings on genomics research in community colleges.

The Genomics Education Partnership (GEP), a consortium of diverse colleges/universities, provides support for integrating genomics research into undergraduate curricula. To increase research opportunities for underrepresented students, GEP is expanding to more community colleges (CC). Genomics research, requiring only a computer with internet access, may be particularly accessible for 2-year institutions with limited research capacity and significant budget constraints.

An intersectional examination of the impact of COVID-stress and discrimination on college students' resilience and mental health.

To investigate the impact of COVID-stress and discrimination on mental health among a group of diverse college students using an intersectional framework. One thousand six hundred seventy-one undergraduate students ( = 20.42,  = 2.

Diminazene aceturate-induced cytotoxicity is associated with the deregulation of cell cycle signaling and downregulation of oncogenes Furin, c-MYC, and FOXM1 in human cervical carcinoma Hela cells.

Diminazene aceturate (DIZE) is an FDA-listed small molecule known for the treatment of African sleeping sickness. In vivo studies showed that DIZE may be beneficial for a range of human ailments. However, there is very limited information on the effects of DIZE on human cancer cells.

A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies That Address HIV-Related Stigmas Among US Healthcare Workers and Health Systems: Applying a Theory-Based Ontology to Link Intervention Types, Techniques, and Mechanisms of Action to Potential Effectiveness.

Background: To end the HIV epidemic, we need to better understand how to address HIV-related stigmas in healthcare settings, specifically the common theoretical bases across interventions so that we can generalize about their potential effectiveness.

Purpose: We describe theory-based components of stigma interventions by identifying their functions/types, techniques, and purported mechanisms of change.

Methods: This systematic review examined studies published by April 2021.

Targeting cellular respiration as a therapeutic strategy in glioblastoma.

While glycolysis is abundant in malignancies, mitochondrial metabolism is significant as well. Mitochondria harbor the enzymes relevant for cellular respiration, which is a critical pathway for both regeneration of reduction equivalents and energy production in the form of ATP. The oxidation of NADH and FADH are fundamental since NAD and FAD are the key components of the TCA-cycle that is critical to entertain biosynthesis in cancer cells.