Association between adjuvant radiotherapy in adults with gastric cancer and risk of second primary malignancy: a retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the association between adjuvant radiotherapy and the development of second primary malignancies (SPMs) and identify its determinants in patients who have undergone surgical treatment for gastric cancer.

Design: Retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database.

Setting: Cohorts (18 registries, 2000-2018, from SEER) were screened for any malignancy that developed after sufficient latency from diagnosis of surgically treated non-metastatic gastric cancer.

Rates, causes and predictors of all-cause and avoidable mortality in 514 878 adults with and without intellectual disabilities in Scotland: a record linkage national cohort study.

Background: Studies on avoidable mortality in adults with intellectual disabilities are limited, as are studies on causes of death.

Objectives: We aimed to quantify mortality rates, and causes, and identify factors (i.e.

NLRP1 Is a Prominent Inflammasome Sensor Found in Bronchial Epithelial Cells in Asthma and Can Be Activated by Rhinovirus A16.

Background: Asthma exacerbations are frequently triggered by human rhinoviruses (RVs). Among other pro-inflammatory responses, RV infection of airway epithelium promotes the activation of the inflammasome pathway, the role of which in asthma exacerbations and disease progression is still poorly understood.

Methods: Bronchial brushing or biopsy specimens were collected from asthma patients and control subjects.

Right middle lobe torsion after right upper lobectomy despite pneumopexy in an adult: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Right middle lobe (RML) torsion is the most common form of lobar torsion. It usually happens after right upper lobe (RUL) lobectomy, especially when pneumopexy is not performed. Although various surgical techniques have been introduced to prevent RML torsion, the efficacy of these techniques is not yet fully understood.

Azygos lobe: exploring the bronchial supply and clinical implications.

An azygos lobe is a rare pulmonary variation that typically presents in the superior lobe of the right lung. Most literature on azygos lobe cases consists of radiologic X-ray or computed tomography findings, with only a few reports based on cadaveric dissections. Here, we report a cadaveric dissection of a right azygos lobe identified in a 77-year-old female anatomical body donor.

Global Burden of Tracheal, Bronchus, and Lung Cancer in Adults Over 55 Years Old Based on Socio demographic Status and Geographical and Gender Differences from 2010-2021.

Objective: This study presented the tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (TBLC) trend in adults ≥55 based on the socio-demographic index and geographical regions.

Material And Methods: We obtained annual TBLC data from 2010 to 2021 from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study and analyzed the incidence, death rates, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates across different geographical classifications of 204 national and territorial.

Results: In adults ≥55 years, the TBLC incidence rate decreased from 2010 to 2021 by globally 20.

Etiologies and Treatment Outcomes of Chronic Cough Diagnosed with a Pathophysiological Diagnostic Procedure: A Single-center Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.

Objective: We developed a pathophysiological diagnostic procedure to identify etiologies of chronic cough (CC) like cough variant asthma (CVA), atopic cough (AC), cough predominant asthma, sinobronchial syndrome (SBS), and mucoid impaction of small bronchi. After identifying the etiologies of CC through an understanding of its pathophysiological processes, we determined the patient's management outcomes based on the pathophysiological diagnosis.

Material And Methods: In this retrospective observational cohort study, the medical records of CC patients from April 2013 to March 2018 was analyzed to assess the etiologies and treatments based on the pathophysiological diagnostic procedure.

Neuropeptide S and its receptor aggravated asthma via TFEB dependent autophagy in bronchial epithelial cells.

Background: Asthma is a prevalent respiratory disorder with limited treatment strategy. Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a highly conserved peptide via binding to its receptor NPSR, a susceptibility gene for asthma from genomics studies. However, little is known about the role of NPS-NPSR in the pathogenesis of asthma.

Microplastic exposure induces HSP90α secretion and aggravates asthmatic airway remodeling via PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway.

Microplastics pollution has raised a considerable awareness due to their extensive distribution in the environment. It has potential side effects on human health. Microplastics can enter the human respiratory system, then deposit in the lung, destroying the structure of the bronchus and alveoli, and causing pulmonary inflammation, mucus production, and airway hyperresponsiveness, leading to the aggravation of asthma.

Fluoroscopy-assisted endobronchial intubation in a cat undergoing thoracoscopy.

A 14-year-old, male castrated, Domestic Short Hair cat was presented for thoracic duct ligation via thoracoscopy. To optimise surgical visualisation, the surgeons requested one-lung ventilation. Because adequately sized bronchial blockers or fibreoptic bronchoscopes were not available, a modified single-lumen endotracheal tube guided by a novel method was used.

Sleeve basal segmentectomy with pulmonary artery division for lung cancer: how to do it.

Sleeve segmentectomy was originally developed to preserve the lung volume in patients who were unable to tolerate lobectomy. We herein report an immunocompromised patient with potentially curable peripheral squamous cell carcinoma in whom sleeve basal segmentectomy was performed for a 1.8-cm tumor with endobronchial growth that occluded B7 and invaded the inlet of the middle lobar bronchus and B6.

Global, regional, and national burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution among adults aged 70 and above in 1990-2021 and projected to 2044.

Background: Tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution (APMP) is a growing global health concern, particularly in individuals aged 70 and above. This study aims to evaluate past trends, identify key drivers, and project future disease burden.

Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 was analyzed for TBL cancer-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality from 1990 to 2021, stratified by SDI regions.

Segmentectomy for non-peripheral and peripheral small-sized non-small-cell lung cancer.

Objectives: To compare the oncological outcomes of segmentectomy for non-peripheral versus peripheral small-sized non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients with clinical stage IA1-A2 NSCLC who underwent segmentectomy. Patients were separated based on tumour distance index (DI, which was calculated as the ratio of the distance from the entrance of the segmental bronchus to the proximal tumour margin to the distance to the lobar pleura along the same line): non-peripheral group (DI ≤ 2/3) and peripheral group (DI > 2/3).

The first comparative analysis of open and robotic tracheobronchoplasty for excessive central airway collapse†.

Objectives: Tracheobronchoplasty is an operation to treat excessive central airway collapse by stabilizing the posterior tracheal membrane. In 2020, our institution transitioned from the traditional open approach to the robotic-assisted tracheobronchoplasty in select patients. This retrospective cohort study compares postoperative complications and short-term outcomes for patients undergoing open versus robotic tracheobronchoplasty at a high-volume complex airway centre.

-related Coffin-Siris syndrome in newborn: a case report and literature review.

Objective: Our objective was to examine the clinical and genetic features of Coffin-Siris syndrome resulting from a pathogenic variant in the gene.

Methods: The clinical data and molecular genetic test results of a newbron with Coffin-Siris syndrome involving a pathogenic variant in the gene were retrospectively analyzed, and the related literatures were reviewed.

Results: A newborn exhibited inspiratory dyspnea following birth and developmental anomalies (coarse appearance, thick hair, long eyelashes, broad nasal tip, flat nasal bridge, thin upper lip, thick lower lip, digital anomalies, cleft palate, supraglottic laryngeal chondromalacia, stenosis of the left upper bronchus and hypotonia).

Comparison of pulmonary function between sleeve lobectomy and standard lobectomy.

Background: The extent of anastomotic stenosis after sleeve lobectomy (SL) remains unclear, and there are limited reports on postoperative pulmonary function. This study aimed to compare postoperative pulmonary function between SL and standard lobectomy (STL) and to evaluate anastomotic stenosis in SL.

Methods: This study included 44 SL patients and 825 STL patients from 2012 to 2023.

Chest CT characterization of children with necrotizing pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

We summarize the chest CT manifestations and prognoses of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia combined with necrotizing pneumonia. We retrospectively analyzed the chest CT manifestations and prognoses of 155 cases of necrotizing pneumonia in children due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and compared the differences in clinical features and laboratory indices between the group with unilateral monolobar necrosis of the lungs (Group A) and the group with unilateral multilobar and bilateral necrosis (Group B). The chest CT findings of the children in both groups revealed that the area of lung necrosis was confined to the unilateral monolobe in 124 children.

Anatomy and variations of the carina and its cartilaginous makeup: a cadaveric study.

Purpose: The carina, located at the bifurcation of the trachea, has been regarded as a part of the trachea. Although clinically useful as an anatomical landmark, studies of its detailed morphology are lacking in the literature.

Methods: The distal trachea and left and right main bronchi were harvested from 32 cadavers and the carina studied using microsurgical dissection, endoscopy, micro-CT, and histology.

Global epidemiological trends of trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer in the elderly.

Background: Despite most patients with trachea, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer being elderly, epidemiological data specific to this population remain scarce. This study aims to update and delineate the global epidemiological profile of TBL in older adults.

Methods: An analysis was conducted on data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021 for individuals aged 60 and older.

Recurrent bacterial pneumonia in Irish Wolfhounds - histopathology and characterization of bronchial cartilage changes.

An increased incidence of bacterial pneumonia (BP) has been reported in Irish Wolfhounds (IWHs) and the disease typically recurs repeatedly. The aetiology is unclear but the development of bronchiectasis in the absence of clinical findings indicative of interstitial lung disease is common in affected IWHs. This observation led us to hypothesize that the primary cause could be at bronchial level.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus associated with human papillomavirus infection.

A woman in her 70s presented with an abnormal chest radiograph. Chest computed tomography showed a tumor arising from the intermediate bronchus. A bronchoscopic biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma, and right middle and lower bilobectomy was subsequently carried out.

E Before A: Awake Bi-femoral Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to the Bifurcation Tracheal Y Stent.

A 64-year-old female presented with severe respiratory failure secondary to a high-grade non-small lung cancer (IIIA NSCLC) causing extrinsic and intrinsic compression of the right main bronchus. She remained hypoxic despite 100% FiO delivery by high-flow nasal cannula and was considered at high risk of airway loss at intubation. Tumor debulking, histological diagnosis, and restoration of airway patency were facilitated with peri-procedural veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygen support (VVECMO).

Unraveling the gender-specific molecular landscape of lung squamous cell carcinoma progression.

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a type of non-small cell lung cancer that is the most common and deadly type of lung cancer, originating from the cells lining the bronchi. The progression of LUSC is influenced by various factors, such as genetic, viral, environmental and hormonal factors, immune system response, and smoking history. Despite extensive studies aimed at improving patient survival, the role of gender-specific molecular variants in LUSC progression remains unclear.

Emerging nicotine analog 6-methyl nicotine increases reactive oxygen species in aerosols and cytotoxicity in human bronchial epithelial cells.

Nicotine-contained e-cigarettes (E-cigs) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), volatile organic compounds, and heavy metals. Inhalation toxicology studies suggest that exposure to these toxicants may adversely impact human health. These findings led to the U.

Indocyanine green nebulization visualizes the pulmonary bronchus during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

Background: Intraoperative tracheobronchial injury is a rare but serious complication of lung surgery. With the increasing number of segmentectomies, surgeons need to locate finer and less easily identified segmental bronchi or even subsegmental bronchi. However, there is no simple or feasible method for visualizing the bronchus during surgery.