Characterizing the Pulmonary Toxicity and Potential Mutagenicity of Formaldehyde Fumes in a Human Bronchial Epithelial Tissue Model.

Formaldehyde (FA) is a highly reactive aldehyde that is regarded as an inhalation hazard and human carcinogen. Herein, we report a follow-up study evaluating the effects of exposure duration on the toxicity and mutagenicity of FA using a human in vitro air-liquid-interface (ALI) airway tissue model. Previously we exposed ALI cultures to 7.

Can intubate, cannot ventilate: A proposed algorithm to handle problems with ventilation and oxygenation after intubation.

Background And Methods: Few guidelines address how to handle unanticipated ventilatory problems and hypoxemia in a successfully intubated patient. We will refer to this situation as "can intubate-cannot ventilate." The situation may occur immediately after intubation or later during general anaesthesia.

Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell-like properties via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human bronchial epithelial cells.

Inhalation exposure to polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p), a primary component of humidifier disinfectants, has been linked to interstitial lung disease and potential carcinogenic effects. This study aimed to investigate epithelial cell transformation and the underlying molecular mechanisms by examining the properties of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) following prolonged exposure to PHMG-p. Beas-2B human bronchial epithelial cells were treated with 0.

Phthalates in face masks and their effects on cellular energetics in human bronchial epithelial cells.

The widespread use of disposable masks has sparked concerns about potential exposure to harmful chemicals, including the already ubiquitous phthalates. It has been demonstrated that there is a causal relationship between the exposure to phthalates and the onset of respiratory diseases. Moreover, there is an increasing body of evidence, which suggests that mitochondria contribute to significant impact to the epithelial function in respiratory diseases.

CREB1 controls mitochondrial dysfunction in 1-nitropyrene-mediated apoptosis of human bronchial cells and lung injury.

Airborne pollutants, particularly nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs), are significant contributors to respiratory diseases. Among these, 1-NP, a nitro-PAH prevalent in diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), is known to induce lung damage. While studies on the respiratory toxicity of 1-NP remain limited, the underlying molecular mechanisms, particularly the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and toxicity-related gene expression in lung cell death, are even less understood.

The effect of occupational exposure to welding fumes on trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer: A supplementary analysis of regular occupational exposure and of occasional occupational exposure based on the systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint estimates of the work-related burden of disease and Injury.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are the producers of the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury (WHO/ILO Joint Estimates). The WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified welding fumes as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). A previous systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates reported that there was "sufficient evidence of harmfulness" that compared with no (or low) occupational exposure to welding fumes, any (or high) occupational exposure to welding fumes increased the risk of developing trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer.

Comparison of air-liquid interface transwell and airway organoid models for human respiratory virus infection studies.

Introduction: Complex respiratory models, including air-liquid interface (ALI) transwell cultures and airway organoids, have emerged as promising tools for studying human respiratory virus infections. These models address several limitations of conventional two-dimensional cell line and animal models. However, the lack of standardized protocols for the application of these models in infection studies limits the possibilities for comparing results across different research groups.

Normal bronchial field basal cells show persistent methylome-wide impact of tobacco smoking, including in known cancer genes.

Lung carcinogenesis is causally linked to cigarette smoking, in part by epigenetic changes. We tested whether accumulated epigenetic change in smokers is apparent in bronchial basal cells as cells of origin of squamous cell carcinoma. Using an EM-seq platform covering 53.

Disease burden of trachea, bronchus and lung cancer 1990-2021 and global trends projected to 2035.

Tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancer (TBL) is among the most common malignancies worldwide, with persistently high incidence and mortality rates, posing a significant threat to public health. However, existing studies on TBL disease burden are often limited to specific regions or short-term trends, lacking systematic and predictive analyses. This study comprehensively evaluated the global, regional, and national burden of TBL across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021, utilizing predictive models to estimate trends from 2022 to 2035.

Dynamic property of central airway walls assessed by computed tomography: correlation with asthma pathophysiology.

Objective: A subset of asthmatics suffers from frequent exacerbations. Various features of airway remodeling and the resultant elastic property of airway walls may play pathophysiological roles in these exacerbations. The aim of the study was to examine the collapsibility of airways and sputum biomarkers associated with airway remodeling with different frequencies of exacerbations.

Endobronchial Aspergilloma.

Bronchial aspergilloma, an uncommon subtype of pulmonary aspergilloma, likely developed in the main bronchus due to airflow stagnation and dryness following lobectomy. Detailed imaging and bronchoscopy provided valuable diagnostic insights, underscoring the importance of considering fungal infections in surgically altered airways.

Surgery for foreign body retrieval from airway after failed bronchoscopy intervention-a decade-long experience.

Background: Foreign body aspiration is a critical surgical emergency among pediatric patients, carrying a substantial risk of mortality and contributing significantly to respiratory distress in children. Timely intervention by experts is crucial to mitigating cumulative morbidity. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of bronchotomy as a secure alternative following unsuccessful attempts at bronchoscopic foreign body retrieval.

Analysis of left anterior segmental bronchovascular patterns and its benefits for surgical implications: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Background: Sublobar surgeries involving the left anterior segment of the lung can be challenging due to its central location within the left upper lobe (LUL) and among multi-segments. However, there have been no reports specifically analysing the anatomical patterns of this segment. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate the subsegmental bronchovascular patterns and relationship between variations and surgical strategies.

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in lung transplantation: a facilitator of rejection or regulator of tolerance?

The role of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the regulation of immune responses to transplanted lungs remains an area of interest and controversy. Early studies in a rat pulmonary transplant model suggested BALT may accelerate rejection of grafts by inducing a local and systemic inflammatory response. Such observations were corroborated in intrapulmonary tracheal transplant models in the rat.

Heparin-free veno-venous ECMO for airway obstruction: A case report and review of literature.

Rationale: Life-threatening airway obstructions caused by tumors demand prompt and effective intervention. Traditional surgical methods are often complicated by bleeding risks, especially with the use of anticoagulation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). This report investigates the innovative application of heparin-free veno-venous ECMO (VV-ECMO) to minimize bleeding risks while maintaining effective oxygenation during airway obstruction surgeries, thereby offering a safer alternative in high-risk scenarios.

Burden of respiratory tract cancers in China and its provinces, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Respiratory tract cancers emerged as a public health challenge with the highest incidence and mortality among all cancer types in China, despite many national policies in place, such as early cancer screening. It is of outmost importance to monitor the burden of respiratory tract cancers across China and its provinces for refining health strategies.

Methods: Based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimates, the present study investigated the age-sex specific pattern alterations of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) of respiratory tract cancers in China from 1990 to 2021, as well as its Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC), Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR), and Age-Standardized Mortality Rate (ASMR).

Evolving trends in lung cancer risk factors in the ten most populous countries: an analysis of data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study.

Background: Amid shifting tobacco policies and escalating air pollution levels, Lung Cancer (LC) risk factors have changed notably. Continuous assessment of these risk factors is necessary. This study compares trends in tobacco, air pollution, and asbestos-associated Age-Standardized Mortality Rates (ASMR) from Trachea, Bronchus, and Lung (TBL) Cancer across the top ten most populated countries (2023 censuses) and globally.

Exosomal miR-107 Derived From Cigarette Smoking-Exposed Bronchial Epithelial Cells Aggravates Acute Lung Injury by Polarizing Macrophage to Proinflammatory Phenotype.

Exosomes are critical mediators of intercellular crosstalk and play significant roles in the progression of various diseases including acute lung injury (ALI). However, the specific role of exosomes in ALI remains largely unexplored. In investigation, we demonstrated that exosomes released from cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-exposed bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) facilitated M1 macrophage polarization.

Management of the ventilation in intraoperative tracheobronchial injury with manual occlusion of the rent-An unusual case report.

Intraoperative tracheobronchial injury is one of the most serious complications of any thoracic surgery. Its management is really challenging both for the surgeons as well as for the anesthesiologists. We present a rare case of intraoperative tracheobronchial injury during esophagectomy and the management of the ventilation by intermittent manual occlusion of the rent as a rescue method.

The utility and feasibility of three-dimensional reconstruction in surgical planning for multiple pulmonary nodules: a prospective self-controlled study.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) is a useful tool for visualizing computed tomography (CT) scans, facilitating a clearer understanding of the spatial relationships between pulmonary lesions and the branching architecture of the bronchi and blood vessels. Several studies have demonstrated the benefit of preoperative 3D reconstruction in terms of intraoperative safety and short-term surgical outcomes after thoracoscopic surgery. However, evidence regarding the impact of 3D reconstruction on surgical planning of anatomical partial lobectomy (APL) is still lacking.

One-Lung Ventilation via End Tracheostomy for Thoracic Surgery: A Case Report.

Standard double-lumen tubes (DLTs) are unsuitable in patients with end tracheostomy due to the shortened tracheal length and atypical stoma angulation. This case highlights the challenges of achieving one-lung ventilation (OLV) in patients with end tracheostomies due to anatomical changes following total laryngectomy. A 68-year-old male with a history of total pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomy, gastric pull-up, and end tracheostomy underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for left lung wedge resection and lymph node dissection.

Surgical treatment of delayed partial bronchial rupture under venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support: a case report.

Background: Chest trauma may precipitate a spectrum of injuries, among which tracheal laceration represents an uncommon but critical sequela. The occurrence of tracheal laceration could significantly impair respiratory and cardiovascular homeostasis, thereby posing a life-threatening risk to the patient. Expeditious surgical intervention is paramount for therapeutic management, and in certain instances, the administration of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) may be necessitated to support the patient's respiratory function.

Successful multimodal endobronchial treatment of severe tracheobronchial amyloidosis.

A previously healthy woman in her 40s presented with a 6-month history of increasing cough and breathlessness following COVID-19 infection. She experienced vocal hoarseness and recurrent respiratory infections during this time, requiring several antibiotic courses. She was treated for gastro-oesophageal reflux and trialled on inhaled corticosteroids, without improvement.

The burden of COVID-19 death for different cancer types: a large population-based study.

Background: Viral mutations and immune dysfunction still lead to recurrent infections of COVID-19 in cancer patients. Our aim in this study was to explore the differences in cumulative risk of COVID-19 death from different cancer types and characterise clinical and demographic factors associated with COVID-19 death.

Methods: We conducted a population-based study using the National Cancer Database, which included all cancer types.

Two cases of myeloid sarcoma of the mediastinum.

Myeloid sarcoma is a malignancy characterized by the excessive proliferation of immature myeloid cells or myeloblasts, leading to tumor formation outside the bone marrow. This condition often manifests before or after the onset of acute myeloid leukemia or during a relapse following initial remission. Myeloid sarcoma develops in any organs or parts of the body, but its occurrence in the mediastinum is rare.