7,992 results match your criteria: "Brno University of Technology; 602 00 Brno[Affiliation]"

Article Synopsis
  • The study examines how different manufacturing methods affect residual stresses in Dievar steel, comparing conventional ingot casting with selective laser melting (SLM) followed by hot rotary swaging.
  • Rotary swaging significantly improved microstructure and hardness, decreasing residual stresses in SLM components from -600 MPa in the core to -300 MPa post-treatment, while enhancing overall material properties.
  • The findings highlight the effectiveness of rotary swaging as a post-processing technique for optimizing mechanical performance and minimizing failure risks in additively manufactured steel.
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Comparative Study of Water and Milk Kefir Grains as Biopolymeric Adsorbents for Copper(II) and Arsenic(V) Removal from Aqueous Solutions.

Polymers (Basel)

November 2024

Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.

This study investigates the biosorption capabilities of kefir grains, a polysaccharide-based byproduct of the fermentation process, for removing copper(II) and arsenic(V) from contaminated water. Unlike traditional heavy-metal removal methods, which are typically expensive and involve environmentally harmful chemicals, biopolymeric materials such as kefir grains provide a sustainable and cost-effective alternative for adsorbing hazardous inorganic pollutants from aqueous solutions. Our experimental results revealed significant differences in the sorption capacities of two types of kefir grains.

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Obesity is a complex disease that increases the risk of other pathologies. Its prevention and long-term weight loss maintenance are problematic. Gut microbiome is considered a potential obesity modulator.

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Overexpression of Egr1 Transcription Regulator Contributes to Schwann Cell Differentiation Defects in Neural Crest-Specific Knockout Mice.

Cells

November 2024

Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformations, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Université Paris Cité, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France.

Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is the principal enzyme for the adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing that prevents the aberrant activation of cytosolic nucleic acid sensors by endogenous double stranded RNAs and the activation of interferon-stimulated genes. In mice, the conditional neural crest deletion of reduces the survival of melanocytes and alters the differentiation of Schwann cells that fail to myelinate nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system. These myelination defects are partially rescued upon the concomitant removal of the Mda5 antiviral dsRNA sensor in vitro, suggesting implication of the Mda5/Mavs pathway and downstream effectors in the genesis of mutant phenotypes.

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Coating materials involving nature-inspired compounds or renewable sources have recently attracted vast attention. This article presents the synthesis of modified rapeseed oil (MRO) as a precursor possessing high biobased carbon content suitable for cured thermosets formation. Two reactive diluents based on renewable sources, methacrylated methyl 3-hydroxybutyrate (M3HBMMA) and ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate (E3HBMMA), were successfully synthesized.

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Alterations in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolism are associated with hepatic metabolic disorders. Elevated hepatic acetate concentrations, often attributed to high caloric intake, are recognized as a pivotal factor in the etiology of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the assessment of acetate breakdown and TCA cycle activity plays a central role in understanding the impact of diet-induced alterations on liver metabolism.

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This work focuses on profiling N-linked glycans by capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry using a novel fluorescent and mass spectrometry (MS) active derivatization tag. The label is based on 2-phenylpyridine bearing tertiary amine and hydrazide functionalities. It provides efficient labeling via hydrazone formation chemistry, promising fluorescence properties, and ionization efficiency in the positive ion MS mode.

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The EEG theta band displays distinct roles in resting and task states. Low resting theta and transient increases in frontal-midline (fm) theta power during tasks are associated with better cognitive control, such as error monitoring. ADHD can disrupt this balance, resulting in high resting theta linked to drowsiness and low fm-theta activity associated with reduced cognitive abilities.

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Purpose: This study evaluated the efficacy, safety, pharmacodynamics (PD), pharmacokinetics (PK), and immunogenicity of SB16 versus reference denosumab (DEN) up to 18 months in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) patients, and assessed outcomes after switching from DEN to SB16 compared to those who continued with DEN or SB16.

Methods: 457 PMO patients were initially randomized, with 407 re-randomized at Month 12 to either continue DEN (DEN+DEN), switch to SB16 (DEN+SB16), or continue SB16 (SB16 + SB16) through Month 18. Efficacy was assessed by the percent change from baseline in bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck.

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Carbonaceous aerosols (CA), composed of black carbon (BC) and organic matter (OM), significantly impact the climate. Light absorption properties of CA, particularly of BC and brown carbon (BrC), are crucial due to their contribution to global and regional warming. We present the absorption properties of BC (b) and BrC (b) inferred using Aethalometer data from 44 European sites covering different environments (traffic (TR), urban (UB), suburban (SUB), regional background (RB) and mountain (M)).

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The RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is essential for correct functioning of innate immune responses. The ADAR1p110 isoform is mainly nuclear and ADAR1p150, which is interferon (IFN) inducible, is predominately cytoplasmic. Using three different methods - co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) of endogenous ADAR1, Strep-tag co-IP and BioID with individual ADAR1 isoforms - a comprehensive interactome was generated during both homeostasis and the IFN response.

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Analysis of Leishbuviridae from Trypanosomatids.

Methods Mol Biol

December 2024

Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia.

Over the last decade, considerable progress has been made in unraveling RNA virus diversity. This has contributed to our understanding of the evolution of these viruses, which include emerging zoonotic human pathogens. Current success has been greatly facilitated by the development of next-generation sequencing platforms instrumental for meta-transcriptomic studies.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates hantaviruses in bats, specifically focusing on common noctules and other bat species from Rostov Bat Rehabilitation Center in Russia.
  • Hantaviruses were detected in 4.94% of blood samples and 1.1% of fecal samples from common noctules, suggesting these bats can harbor these viruses.
  • Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the detected viruses are closely related to Loanvirus brunaense, previously identified in Central European bats, highlighting the potential for these viruses to be species-specific and geographically widespread.
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Uncovering the Top Nonadvertising Weight Loss Websites on Google: A Data-Mining Approach.

JMIR Infodemiology

December 2024

Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.

Article Synopsis
  • Online weight loss information is widely searched on the internet, but previous research has been limited and mostly manual in its approach to gathering data from Google.
  • This study analyzed 432 Google search queries and used a data-mining tool to identify and evaluate the top nonadvertising weight loss websites, finding that healthline.com, webmd.com, and similar sites ranked highest and provided trustworthy content.
  • The research concluded that while there is quality information available, users still face unreliable sources, highlighting the need for improved methods to help them find accurate weight loss information.
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Supervised machine learning (ML) is used extensively in biology and deserves closer scrutiny. The Data Optimization Model Evaluation (DOME) recommendations aim to enhance the validation and reproducibility of ML research by establishing standards for key aspects such as data handling and processing, optimization, evaluation, and model interpretability. The recommendations help to ensure that key details are reported transparently by providing a structured set of questions.

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Specialized or secondary metabolites are small molecules of biological origin, often showing potent biological activities with applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine. Usually, the biosynthesis of these natural products is governed by sets of co-regulated and physically clustered genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). To share information about BGCs in a standardized and machine-readable way, the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard and repository was initiated in 2015.

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Assembly of the Xrn2/Rat1-Rai1-Rtt103 termination complexes in mesophilic and thermophilic organisms.

Structure

November 2024

CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia. Electronic address:

The 5'-3' exoribonuclease Xrn2, known as Rat1 in yeasts, terminates mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). In the torpedo model of termination, the activity of Xrn2/Rat1 is enhanced by Rai1, which is recruited to the termination site by Rtt103, an adaptor protein binding to the RNAPII C-terminal domain (CTD). The overall architecture of the Xrn2/Rat1-Rai1-Rtt103 complex remains unknown.

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The silymarin complex extracted from milk thistle provides significant health benefits, particularly due to its antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. However, plant substances can be contaminated by a number of fungi types and their secondary metabolites-mycotoxins. This work deals with the determination of aflatoxins and zearalenone and its metabolites in 39 different samples grown in 2020 and 2021.

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The double-perovskite material CsTiBr shows excellent photovoltaic potential, making it a promising alternative to lead-based materials. However, its high susceptibility to degradation in air has raised concerns about its practical application. This study introduces an interesting synthesis approach that significantly enhances the stability of CsTiBr powder.

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Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common adult leukemia characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic mature B cells in blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. The disease biology remains unresolved in many aspects, including the processes underlying the disease progression and relapses. However, studying CLL poses a considerable challenge due to its complexity and dependency on the microenvironment.

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Computer Folding of Parallel DNA G-Quadruplex: Hitchhiker's Guide to the Conformational Space.

J Comput Chem

January 2025

Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.

Guanine quadruplexes (GQs) play crucial roles in various biological processes, and understanding their folding pathways provides insight into their stability, dynamics, and functions. This knowledge aids in designing therapeutic strategies, as GQs are potential targets for anticancer drugs and other therapeutics. Although experimental and theoretical techniques have provided valuable insights into different stages of the GQ folding, the structural complexity of GQs poses significant challenges, and our understanding remains incomplete.

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