Air Pollution and Lung Cancer: A Review by International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Early Detection and Screening Committee.

Introduction: The second leading cause of lung cancer is air pollution. Air pollution and smoking are synergistic. Air pollution can worsen lung cancer survival.

Utilization and Safety of Ipilimumab Plus Nivolumab in a Real-World Cohort of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients.

Introduction: Ipilimumab plus nivolumab was associated with a survival benefit in a phase III clinical trial of first-line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). In this study, mRCC patients from the Canadian Kidney Cancer Information System (CKCis) database who received first-line ipilimumab plus nivolumab were analyzed to determine the safety and outcomes in a real-world setting.

Patients And Methods: Patients who received ipilimumab plus nivolumab as first-line therapy for mRCC in CKCis, were identified, and the amount of treatment received, discontinuation rates, and reasons for discontinuing treatment were determined.

Deep Learning for Lung Cancer Detection on Screening CT Scans: Results of a Large-Scale Public Competition and an Observer Study with 11 Radiologists.

Purpose: To determine whether deep learning algorithms developed in a public competition could identify lung cancer on low-dose CT scans with a performance similar to that of radiologists.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, a dataset consisting of 300 patient scans was used for model assessment; 150 patient scans were from the competition set and 150 were from an independent dataset. Both test datasets contained 50 cancer-positive scans and 100 cancer-negative scans.

MRD response in relapsed/refractory FL after obinutuzumab plus bendamustine or bendamustine alone in the GADOLIN trial.

We report assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) status and its association with outcome in rituximab-refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) in the randomized GADOLIN trial (NCT01059630). Patients received obinutuzumab (G) plus bendamustine (Benda) induction followed by G maintenance, or Benda induction alone. Patients with a clonal marker (t[14;18] translocation and/or immunoglobulin heavy or light chain rearrangement) detected at study screening were assessed for MRD at mid-induction (MI), end of induction (EOI), and every 6-24 months post-EOI/discontinuation by real-time quantitative PCR.

Prevention and Early Detection for NSCLC: Advances in Thoracic Oncology 2018.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Tobacco consumption remains the most important risk factor. Although the prevalence of smoking has decreased overall, it continues to be a significant burden for global health.

Prognostic Impact of Natural Killer Cell Count in Follicular Lymphoma and Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Patients Treated with Immunochemotherapy.

Purpose: Natural killer (NK) cells are key effector cells for anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAb), such as obinutuzumab and rituximab. We assessed whether low pretreatment NK-cell count (NKCC) in peripheral blood or tumor tissue was associated with worse outcome in patients receiving antibody-based therapy.

Patients And Methods: Baseline peripheral blood NKCC was assessed by flow cytometry (CD3CD56 and/or CD16 cells) in 1,064 of 1,202 patients with follicular lymphoma treated with obinutuzumab or rituximab plus chemotherapy in the phase III GALLIUM trial (NCT01332968) and 1,287 of 1,418 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with obinutuzumab or rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (G-CHOP or R-CHOP) in the phase III GOYA trial (NCT01287741).

Overall Survival Benefit in Patients With Rituximab-Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Who Received Obinutuzumab Plus Bendamustine Induction and Obinutuzumab Maintenance in the GADOLIN Study.

Purpose To perform an updated analysis of the randomized phase III GADOLIN trial in patients with rituximab-refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with obinutuzumab (GA101; G) and bendamustine (B). Patients and Methods Patients with histologically documented, rituximab-refractory CD20 indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma received G 1,000 mg (days 1, 8, and 15, cycle 1; day 1, cycles 2 to 6) plus B 90 mg/m/d (days 1 and 2, all cycles) or B 120 mg/m/d monotherapy. Patients who did not experience disease progression with G-B received G maintenance (1,000 mg every 2 months) for up to 2 years.

Obinutuzumab or Rituximab Plus Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisone in Previously Untreated Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Purpose Rituximab (R) plus CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) chemotherapy is the standard of care in previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Obinutuzumab (G) is a glycoengineered, type II, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. GOYA was a randomized phase III study that compared G-CHOP with R-CHOP in patients with previously untreated advanced-stage DLBCL.

Health-related quality of life and symptoms in patients with rituximab-refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated in the phase III GADOLIN study with obinutuzumab plus bendamustine versus bendamustine alone.

We present health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data from GADOLIN, comparing bendamustine (B) alone or combined with obinutuzumab (G-B) in rituximab-refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment-Lymphoma (FACT-Lym) questionnaire was administered on day 1 of cycles 1, 3, and 5 during treatment, at end of induction (EOI), bi-monthly for 2 years during maintenance/follow-up, and annually during extended follow-up until progression/death. Time to first ≥6-point worsening from baseline in the FACT-Lym trial outcome index (TOI) was estimated.

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Should Limited-Stage Patients Be Treated Differently?

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presents as limited-stage disease in approximately 30% of cases. Historically, therapy relied on a combined modality of abbreviated chemotherapy followed by involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT). Due to the apparent lack of long-term survival and the concern for delayed toxicity, chemotherapy-only strategies are used more frequently.

The value of routine bone marrow biopsy in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma staged with PET/CT: a Danish-Canadian study.

Background: The added diagnostic and prognostic value of routine bone marrow biopsy (BMB) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) undergoing positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) staging is controversial.

Patients And Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL who underwent both staging PET/CT and BMB were retrospectively identified in British Columbia, Aalborg, and Copenhagen. Original written PET/CT and pathology reports were retrospectively reviewed to determine Ann Arbor stage and outcomes, with and without the contribution of BMB.

Randomized Phase II Trial Comparing Obinutuzumab (GA101) With Rituximab in Patients With Relapsed CD20+ Indolent B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Final Analysis of the GAUSS Study.

Purpose: Obinutuzumab (GA101), a novel glycoengineered type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, demonstrated responses in single-arm studies of patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This is the first prospective, randomized study comparing safety and efficacy of obinutuzumab with rituximab in relapsed indolent lymphoma. The primary end point of this study was the overall response rate (ORR) in patients with follicular lymphoma after induction and safety in patients with indolent lymphoma.

Outcome prediction by extranodal involvement, IPI, R-IPI, and NCCN-IPI in the PET/CT and rituximab era: A Danish-Canadian study of 443 patients with diffuse-large B-cell lymphoma.

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (PET/CT) is the current state-of-the-art in the staging of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and has a high sensitivity for extranodal involvement. Therefore, reassessment of extranodal involvement and the current prognostic indices in the PET/CT era is warranted. We screened patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL seen at the academic centers of Aalborg, Copenhagen, and British Columbia for eligibility.

Outcome of patients with primary refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma after R-CHOP treatment.

Primary refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) following R-CHOP chemotherapy is a major concern. We identified 1126 patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP from 2000 to 2009, of whom 166 (15 %) had primary refractory disease. Of the 75/166 (45 %) who were age <70 years and had been planned for stage-directed curative therapy, 43 (57 %) were primary nonresponders and 32 (43 %) relapsed within 3 months of completing R-CHOP.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: optimizing outcome in the context of clinical and biologic heterogeneity.

Although the majority of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be cured with standard rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP), patients who fail R-CHOP have a dismal outcome. Thus, optimization of front-line therapy, as well as the development of more effective salvage strategies, remains an important objective. Advances in molecular genetics have vastly improved our understanding of the biological diversity of DLBCL and have led to the discovery of key oncogenic pathways.

HER2/neu testing in gastric cancer by immunohistochemistry: assessment of interlaboratory variation.

Context: Immunohistochemical (IHC) testing for HER2/neu is becoming the standard of care for guiding adjuvant treatment of gastric carcinoma with trastuzumab.

Objective: To assess interlaboratory variation in IHC staining and interpretation across multiple laboratories.

Design: A tissue microarray consisting of 45 cores from 28 gastric cancers was distributed to 37 laboratories for HER2/neu assessment.

Chemoresistance can be overcome with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation for relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma.

Background: High-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplant (HDT/ASCT) is the preferred treatment of chemosensitive relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The role for HDT/ASCT in chemoresistant HL is less well defined. We evaluated long-term outcomes of relapsed/refractory HL patients whose disease was refractory to secondary chemotherapy preceding HDT/ASCT.

Screening for lung cancer using low dose computed tomography.

Screening for lung cancer with low dose computed tomography can reduce mortality from the disease by 20% in high risk smokers. This review covers the state of the art knowledge on several aspects of implementing a screening program. The most important are to identify people who are at high enough risk to warrant screening and the appropriate management of lung nodules found at screening.

Advanced-stage nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma compared with classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a matched pair outcome analysis.

Due to disease rarity, there is limited information regarding the optimal therapy and outcome for patients with advanced-stage nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL). Forty-two patients with NLPHL by the Revised European-American Lymphoma/World Health Organization classification with advanced-stage disease were identified and paired 1:2 with a matched control with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) matched by age, gender, stage, decade of diagnosis, and treatment received. The median follow-up was 11.

Paramount prognostic factors that guide therapeutic strategies in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has improved over the last decade and will likely improve further with the introduction of novel agents. At the present time, clinical prognostic factors are limited in their ability to identify patients with sufficiently poor outcome to justify deviation of therapy away from R-CHOP (rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) outside of a clinical trial. Similarly, with the exception of the concurrent translocation of MYC and BCL2, there are no validated biologic markers that can be used to guide initial therapy in routine practice.

Chemotherapy alone for localized diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Approximately 25% to 30% of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) present with limited-stage disease, typically defined as those with nonbulky (<10 cm) Ann Arbor stage I or II disease, without B-symptoms and with sites that can be encompassed within a radiation field. A variety of treatment approaches have been used, which have largely relied on the administration of systemic therapy followed by involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT) to all sites of disease. The use of IFRT has been associated with improved local control, but a significant impact on long-term outcome has not been demonstrated.

The case for chemotherapy alone for limited-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The Hodgkin's Disease.6 study is critically examined, and the question of whether or not radiation should be used at all in the treatment of patients with limited-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma is argued to be more relevant than what type of radiation to use, given the remarkably good outcome with chemotherapy alone.