Investigating How All-Trans Retinoic Acid Polycaprolactone (atRA-PCL) Microparticles Alter the Material Properties of 3D Printed Fibrin Constructs.

The 3D printing of human tissue constructs requires carefully designed bioinks to support the growth and function of cells. Here it is shown that an additional parameter is how drug-releasing microparticles affect the material properties of the scaffold. A microfluidic platform is used to create all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) polycaprolactone (PCL) microparticles with a high encapsulation efficiency (85.

Adolescents Constructing Their Imagined Futures Through Dialogues With and/or About Nonfamilial Adults.

Introduction: Adolescents actively explore future imaginings as they prepare for major educational, work, and personal transitions. Although family members may support exploration of imagined futures, adults outside adolescents' kin network provide access to resources not supplied within the family. The purpose of this study was to understand how adolescents actively draw on social resources of nonfamilial adults relative to their imagined futures.

Do individuals with inflammatory arthritis receive minimally adequate treatment for incident depression and anxiety: A population-based study.

Objectives: Describe patterns of pharmacotherapy and psychological treatment and evaluate receipt of minimally adequate treatment for incident depression and anxiety in individuals with inflammatory arthritis (IA).

Methods: We used population-based linked administrative health databases from British Columbia, Canada to evaluate pharmacotherapy and psychological treatments for incident depression and/or anxiety among individuals with IA and without IA ('IA-free controls'). We defined minimally adequate pharmacotherapy as antidepressant prescriptions filled with ≥ 84 days' supply and adequate psychological treatment as ≥ 4 counselling/psychotherapy services.

Preclinical assessment of splicing modulation therapy for ABCA4 variant c.768G>T in Stargardt disease.

Background: Stargardt disease type 1 (STGD1) is a progressive retinal disorder caused by bi-allelic variants in the ABCA4 gene. A recurrent variant at the exon-intron junction of exon 6, c.768G>T, causes a 35-nt elongation of exon 6 that leads to premature termination of protein synthesis.

Insights from a century of data reveal global trends in ex situ living plant collections.

Ex situ living plant collections play a crucial role in providing nature-based solutions to twenty-first century global challenges. However, the complex dynamics of these artificial ecosystems are poorly quantified and understood, affecting biodiversity storage, conservation and utilization. To evaluate the management of ex situ plant diversity, we analysed a century of data comprising 2.

Performance effects of functional knee brace removal and prolonged use in healthy male athlete: Lower extremity power, acceleration, speed, and agility.

Objectives: Knee braces were introduced to sports 30 years ago. However, knee brace use for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention intervention remains contentious due to concerns about performance hindrances. Since knee brace use is a potential modifiable risk factor, we aimed to investigate the effect of discounting and continued functional knee brace (FKB) on lower extremity power-vertical jump (VJ), acceleration, speed, and agility performance.

Opioid use in treated and untreated obstructive sleep apnoea: remifentanil pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in adult volunteers.

Background: Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are considered more sensitive to opioids and at increased risk of opioid-induced respiratory depression. Nonetheless, whether OSA treatment (continuous positive airway pressure, CPAP; or bilevel positive airway pressure, BIPAP) modifies this risk remains unknown. Greater opioid sensitivity can arise from altered pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics.

How to Approach Qualitative Observational Research in Workplace Learning.

Background: Learning in clinical settings occurs through engagement in everyday activities and interactions. Yet, clinical settings are complex, dynamic environments and data collection methods such as interviews and focus groups, although valuable, alone may not capture the complexities of these settings. Qualitative observational research offers an approach to understanding these complexities and enhancing learning in clinical settings.

Impacts of severity and region of gill tissue resection on regeneration in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

In a previous study, we demonstrated successful regeneration of Atlantic salmon gill tissue following up to 50 % filament resection. The present study explored 1) the capacity of gill tissue to regenerate following more severe trauma, 2) if regeneration potential varies across regions of the arch, and 3) how tissue loss impacts the physiology of neighboring unresected filaments. Fish were divided between two resected groups and a control non-resected one.

Exploring the Influence of Interorganization Networks on the Dissemination of National Health Behavior Guidelines.

Background: Interorganization partnerships are important for the development and knowledge mobilization of national health behavior guidelines. However, little is known about how to improve the dissemination of guidelines across professional networks. Social network analysis may offer unique insight into the social structure of interorganization networks and provide guidance for how network features may be harnessed for effective dissemination.

Cyclist safety assessment using autonomous vehicles.

Proactive and holistic safety management approaches should consider multi-modal crash risk. Cyclist crash risk should be prioritized given the high-severity of vehicle-cyclist crashes. Cyclist crash risk is difficult to quantify given the sparse nature of cyclist collisions and collisions in general.

A generalizable normative deep autoencoder for brain morphological anomaly detection: application to the multi-site StratiBip dataset on bipolar disorder in an external validation framework.

The heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders makes researching disorder-specific neurobiological markers an ill-posed problem. Here, we face the need for disease stratification models by presenting a generalizable multivariate normative modelling framework for characterizing brain morphology, applied to bipolar disorder (BD). We used deep autoencoders in an anomaly detection framework, combined for the first time with a confounder removal step that integrates training and external validation.

Characterizing the regulatory effects of H2A.Z and SWR1-C on gene expression during hydroxyurea exposure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Chromatin structure and DNA accessibility are partly modulated by the incorporation of histone variants. H2A.Z, encoded by the non-essential HTZ1 gene in S.

Identification of a vimentin-expressing α-cell phenotype in CF and normal pancreas.

Endocrine dysfunction and diabetes can develop secondary to fibrotic diseases within the pancreas including cystic fibrosis (CF). Phenotypic shift within epithelial cells has been recognised in association with pro-fibrotic signalling. We sought evidence of endocrine cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in CF and non-CF pancreas.

Microbial Primer: Microbiome and thermal tolerance - a new frontier in climate resilience?

Microbiome-animal host symbioses are ubiquitous in nature. Animal-associated microbiomes can play a crucial role in host physiology, health and resilience to environmental stressors. As climate change drives rising global temperatures and increases the frequency of thermal extremes, microbiomes are emerging as a new frontier in buffering vulnerable animals against temperature fluctuations.

Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics illuminate bat immunity and barrier tissue evolution.

Bats have adapted to pathogens through diverse mechanisms, including increased resistance - rapid pathogen elimination, and tolerance - limiting tissue damage following infection. In the Egyptian fruit bat (an important model in comparative immunology) several mechanisms conferring disease tolerance were discovered, but mechanisms underpinning resistance remain poorly understood. Previous studies on other species suggested that elevated basal expression of innate immune genes may lead to increased resistance to infection.

Who cares about caring? Gender stereotypes about communal values emerge early and predict boys' prosocial preferences.

Communal values (i.e., valuing care for and connection with others) are important to individual well-being and societal functioning yet show marked gender differences, with girls valuing communion more than boys do.

A strategic mindset enhances children's generation of effective strategies and delay of gratification across tasks.

Overcoming challenges to achieve success involves being able to spontaneously come up with effective strategies to address different task demands. Research has linked individual differences in such strategy generation and use to optimal development over time and greater success across many areas of life. Yet, there is surprisingly little experimental evidence that tests how we might help young children to spontaneously generate and apply effective strategies across different challenging tasks.

Improved Annotation of Asthma Gene Variants with Cell Type Deconvolution of Nasal and Lung Expression-Quantitative Trait Loci.

Asthma is a genetically complex inflammatory airway disease associated with over 200 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, the functional effects of many asthma-associated SNPs in lung and airway epithelial samples are unknown. Here, we aimed to conduct expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis using a meta-analysis of nasal and lung samples.

Indirect treatment comparison of lanadelumab and a C1-esterase inhibitor in pediatric patients with hereditary angioedema.

To compare the efficacy and safety of lanadelumab versus other approved long-term prophylaxis (LTP) treatments in patients with pediatric hereditary angioedema (HAE) aged <12 years. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify studies of LTP in patients with HAE aged <12 years. Two studies met the inclusion criteria in an indirect treatment comparison of efficacy and safety data in pediatric HAE patients.

Optimized machine learning approaches to combine surface-enhanced Raman scattering and infrared data for trace detection of xylazine in illicit opioids.

Infrared absorption spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy were integrated into three data fusion strategies-hybrid (concatenated spectra), mid-level (extracted features from both datasets) and high-level (fusion of predictions from both models)-to enhance the predictive accuracy for xylazine detection in illicit opioid samples. Three chemometric approaches-random forest, support vector machine, and -nearest neighbor algorithms-were employed and optimized using a 5-fold cross-validation grid search for all fusion strategies. Validation results identified the random forest classifier as the optimal model for all fusion strategies, achieving high sensitivity (88% for hybrid, 92% for mid-level, and 96% for high-level) and specificity (88% for hybrid, mid-level, and high-level).

Shared selection and genetic architecture drive strikingly repeatable evolution in long-term experimental hybrid populations.

The degree to which evolution repeats itself has implications regarding the major forces driving evolution and the potential for evolutionary biology to be a predictive (versus solely historical) science. To understand the factors that control evolutionary repeatability, we experimentally evolved four replicate hybrid populations of sunflowers at natural sites for up to 14 years and tracked ancestry across the genome. We found that there was very strong negative selection against introgressed ancestry in several chromosomes, but positive selection for introgressed ancestry in one chromosome.