Numbness on the Medical Take: An Atypical Presentation of Guillain-Barre Syndrome With Unilateral Paraesthesia and Rapid Progression to Bulbar Palsy: A Case Report.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is characterized classically by progressive and symmetrical motor weakness and areflexia. We describe a case of GBS with initially preserved reflexes and power, leading to delayed diagnosis, who latterly required urgent ventilator support and plasmapharesis to highlight the importance of considering atypical presentations of this common condition.

Addressing abdominal trauma from conflict and warfare in under-resourced regions: A critical narrative review.

Introduction: The prevalence of abdominal injuries in war and conflict zones, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), presents a significant healthcare challenge. These injuries, often resulting from explosive devices, firearms, and shrapnel, lead to high morbidity and mortality rates due to delayed diagnoses, inadequate medical infrastructure, and limited access to specialised care. This review aims to summarise the literature on conflict-related abdominal injuries in LMICs, highlighting the impact of such trauma on healthcare systems and patient outcomes, and suggesting strategies for improvement.

National audit of patient reported experience of radical cystectomy for bladder cancer pathways.

Objective: The objective of this study was to measure and describe the national patient experience of radical cystectomy (RC) pathways in the UK using the validated Cystectomy-Pathway Assessment Tool (C-PAT).

Patients And Methods: A cohort of 1081 patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer, between 1 January 2021 and 31 July 2022 at 33 UK cystectomy centres, returned completed C-PAT responses. SPSS was employed for data summary statistics, including median, interquartile range, Mann Whitney U test or Chi-square test with a 95% confidence interval to assess statistical significance between potentially associated variables.

Modifiable protective factors for mental health resilience in the offspring of depressed parents: A high-risk longitudinal cohort spanning adolescence and adulthood.

Background: Several protective factors have been identified for mental health (MH) resilience in adolescent offspring of depressed parents. However, it is unclear if these effects persist into adulthood.

Methods: Depressed parents and their offspring ( = 188) from the Early Prediction of Adolescent Depression study were assessed four times (mean offspring ages 12.

Malignant upper urinary tract obstruction in cancer patients: A systematic review.

Objective: To systematically summarise the current clinical evidence for de novo malignant upper urinary tract obstruction treatment with a focus on standards of reporting, patient outcomes and future research needs.

Methods: This review protocol was published via PROSPERO (CRD42022341588). OVID MEDLINE (R), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials-CENTRAL were searched up to June 2022 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses.

Perspectives of community pharmacy staff on commonly encountered skin conditions and the key challenges towards enhancing their role in dermatology.

This research letter discusses the perspectives of community pharmacy staff on commonly encountered skin conditions and the key challenges towards enhancing their role in this area. A mixed methods online survey was created, and a total of 174 community pharmacy staff completed the survey. The results highlight the range of conditions currently encountered in community pharmacy and the breadth of challenges facing community pharmacy staff, in particular challenges surrounding providing a differential diagnosis.

Exploring the differentiation of behavioural and emotional problems across childhood: A prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Background: An individual's overall burden of behavioural and emotional problems across childhood is associated with increased likelihood of later mental health conditions. However, the extent of behavioural versus emotional problems - that is, the extent to which the domains are from one another - may provide additional information about who is at risk of developing a mental health condition. Here, we seek to validate differentiation as an independent predictor of later mental health conditions, and to explore its aetiology.

Twins Early Development Study (TEDS): A genetically sensitive investigation of mental health outcomes in the mid-twenties.

The Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) is a longitudinal study following a cohort of twins born 1994-1996 in England and Wales. Of the 13,759 families who originally consented to take part, over 10,000 families remain enrolled in the study. The current focus of TEDS is on mental health in the mid-twenties.

Cystoscopic removal of transvaginal mesh: Long-term outcomes.

Objectives: This study's aim is to evaluate the long-term quality of life and functional outcomes following cystoscopic excision of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) mesh extruded into the urinary tract in women.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of all cases of cystoscopic removal of extruded mesh at our high-volume tertiary care centre between April 2013 and August 2021. Postoperative patient-reported outcomes were collected via questionnaires: Urogenital Distress Inventory Short Form (UDI-6), EQ-5D-5L Visual analogue scale, ICIQ-Satisfaction (ICIQ-S) and additional questions regarding postoperative sexual function.

Mendelian randomisation studies of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Background: Observational studies have found Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) to be associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes as well as with early risk factors; however it is not clear whether these associations reflect causal effects. Alternatives to traditional observational studies are needed to investigate causality: one such design is Mendelian randomization (MR), which uses genetic variants as instrumental variables for the exposure.

Methods: In this review we summarise findings from approximately 50 studies using MR to examine potentially causal associations with ADHD as either an exposure or outcome.

Childhood trajectories of internalising and externalising problems associated with a polygenic risk score for neuroticism in a UK birth cohort study.

Background: Neuroticism represents a personality disposition towards experiencing negative emotions more frequently and intensely. Longitudinal studies suggest that neuroticism increases risk of several psychological problems. Improved understanding of how this trait manifests in early life could help inform preventative strategies in those liable to neuroticism.

Examining the Relationship Between Trauma, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Psychosis in Patients in a UK Secondary Care Service.

Objective: Traumatic experiences and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common in schizophrenia. However, few studies screening for PTSD have established the temporality of PTSD-related traumatic events to psychosis onset. Furthermore, it is unclear how many patients attribute a trauma-based contribution to their psychosis or would find trauma-focused therapy acceptable.

Where and how have written action plans for atopic eczema/dermatitis been developed and evaluated? Systematic review.

Background: Atopic eczema/dermatitis is a common inflammatory condition which affects 15%-30% of children and 2%-10% of adults. It can have a significant impact and its management can be challenging. It is important for patients, parents, and caregivers to know how to look after their skin.

Digital tools for assessing chronic pain in children (5-11 years): Systematic review.

Pediatric chronic pain places a significant burden on children, their families, and healthcare services. Effective pain measurement is needed for both clinical management and research. Digital pain measurement tools have been developed for adult and adolescent populations however less is known about measurement in younger children.

Striatal Dopamine Loss in Early Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Novel Analysis of Dopamine Transporter Imaging.

Background: Neuropathological studies, based on small samples, suggest that symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) emerge when dopamine/nigrostriatal loss is around 50-80%. Functional neuroimaging can be applied in larger numbers during life, which allows analysis of the extent of dopamine loss more directly.

Objective: To quantify dopamine transporter (DaT) activity by neuroimaging in early PD.

The impact of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) in a large contemporary cohort of patients undergoing robot-assisted radical cystectomy and intracorporeal urinary diversion (RARC-ICUD).

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether pre-operative comorbidity status measured by the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) or cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is associated with postoperative complications and length of stay (LOS) in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical cystectomy and intracorporeal urinary diversion (RARC-ICUD).

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of a prospectively maintained database of 428 consecutive patients who underwent RARC-ICUD at a tertiary referral centre between 2011 and 2019. CCI was correlated with peri-operative outcomes including postoperative LOS, Clavien-Dindo (CD) complications and survival.

Preschool development, temperament and genetic liability as early markers of childhood ADHD: A cohort study.

Background: ADHD is associated with multiple adverse outcomes and early identification is important. The present study sets out to identify early markers and developmental characteristics during the first 30 months of life that are associated with ADHD 6 years later.

Methods: 9201 participants from the prospective Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort were included.

Mapping the genetic and environmental aetiology of autistic traits in Sweden and the United Kingdom.

Background: Autistic traits are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, and are known to vary geographically in prevalence. But to what extent does their aetiology also vary from place to place?

Methods: We applied a novel spatial approach to data on autistic traits from two large twin studies, the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS;  = 16,677, including 8307 twin pairs) and the Twins Early Development Study in the UK (TEDS;  = 11,594, including 5796 twin pairs), to explore how the influence of nature and nurture on autistic traits varies from place to place.

Results: We present maps of gene- and environment- by geography interactions in Sweden and the United Kingdom (UK), showing geographical variation in both genetic and environmental influences across the two countries.

The Importance of Sleep for People With Chronic Pain: Current Insights and Evidence.

We are currently in the midst of a sleep crisis. Our current work and lifestyle environments are normalizing poor sleep with substantial negative impact on our health. Research on sleep has linked sleep deprivation to poorer mental health, obesity, cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and a myriad of other health conditions.

Ten-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Trajectories by Obstetric History: A Longitudinal Study in the Norwegian HUNT Study.

Background Women with a history of obstetric complications are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but whether they should be specifically targeted for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk screening is unknown. Methods and Results We used linked data from the Norwegian HUNT (Trøndelag Health) Study and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to create a population-based, prospective cohort of parous women. Using an established CVD risk prediction model (A Norwegian risk model for cardiovascular disease), we predicted 10-year risk of CVD (nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, and nonfatal or fatal stroke) based on established risk factors (age, systolic blood pressure, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, antihypertensive use, and family history of myocardial infarction).

Dementia risk reduction: why haven't the pharmacological risk reduction trials worked? An in-depth exploration of seven established risk factors.

Identifying the leading health and lifestyle factors for the risk of incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease has yet to translate to risk reduction. To understand why, we examined the discrepancies between observational and clinical trial evidence for seven modifiable risk factors: type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, estrogens, inflammation, omega-3 fatty acids, and hyperhomocysteinemia. Sample heterogeneity and paucity of intervention details (dose, timing, formulation) were common themes.

The winding roads to adulthood: A twin study.

Aims: Here we report the results of the first systematic investigation of genetic and environmental influences on 57 psychological traits covering major issues in emerging adulthood such as aspirations, thoughts and attitudes, relationships and personality. We also investigate how these traits relate to physical and mental health, educational attainment and wellbeing.

Materials & Methods: We use a sample of nearly 5000 pairs of UK twins aged 21-25 from the Twins Early Development Study.

Joint associations of parental personality traits and socio-economic position with trajectories of offspring depression: Findings from up to 6925 families in a UK birth cohort.

Background: Parental personality may influence the course of offspring depression but epidemiological evidence for associations is lacking. It is also unknown whether associations between parental personality and offspring depression differ by socio-economic position (SEP). Our aims were to describe the trajectories of depressive symptoms across adolescence of offspring of parents with and without maladaptive personality traits and to test for effect modification by SEP.