Effects of reducing or eliminating resident work shifts over 16 hours: a systematic review.

Study Objectives: The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has called for the elimination of resident work shifts exceeding 16 hours without sleep. We sought to comprehensively evaluate the effects of eliminating or reducing shifts over 16 hours.

Design And Outcome Measures: We performed a systematic review of published and unpublished studies (1950-2008) to synthesize data on all intervention studies that have reduced or eliminated U.

Atrial natriuretic factor-induced systemic vasoconstriction in conscious dogs, rats, and monkeys.

This study addresses the hypothesis that atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a primary vasodilator, which reduces arterial pressure directly and increases total peripheral resistance secondarily by reflex mechanisms. The effects of 30-minute infusions of ANF (0.3 micrograms/kg/min i.